Zeitoun, M., Mirumachi, N. y Warner, J. (2020). Water Conflicts: Analysis for Transformation. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 184 pp.

Reseña de: Zeitoun, M., Mirumachi, N. y Warner, J. (2020). Water Conflicts: Analysis for Transformation. Nueva York: Oxford University Press

Reducibility of pointlike problems

We show that the pointlike and the idempotent pointlike problems are reducible with respect to natural signatures in the following cases: the pseudovariety of all fi nite semigroups in which the order of every subgroup is a product of elements of a fi xed set of primes; the pseudovariety of all fi nite semigroups in which every regular J-class is the product of a rectangular band by a group from a fixed pseudovariety of groups that is reducible for the pointlike problem, respectively graph reducible. Allowing only trivial groups, we obtain omega-reducibility of the pointlike and idempotent pointlike problems, respectively for the pseudovarieties of all finite aperiodic semigroups (A) and of all finite semigroups in which all regular elements are idempotents (DA).ANR 2010 BLAN 0202 01 FRE

Power Flows: Hydro-hegemony and water conflicts in South Asia

Water is a point of friction on the Indian subcontinent and fears of looming �water wars� are growing. One factor compounding such fears is the presence of a hydro-hegemon; India. Power asymmetry between riparians, however, does not necessarily lead to violent conflict (even though it can create inequitable outcomes). Indeed, the presence of a hydro-hegemon serves as a stabilising factor. This is currently the case in South Asia. Understanding the flows of power in transboundary water interactions in the region is of consequence to Australia�s increasing involvement in the hydropolitics there

Agua y contra-hegemonía: la lucha kurda en el Tigris y Éufrates en Turquía

Water issues are often related to general questions of justice. This article discusses Tigris and Euphrates water issues from the point of view of Kurds in Turkey. The goal here is not to discuss the entire landscape of power relations and interests in the recent history of these rivers inside the country or across borders, but to understand how opposition Kurds view the way in which Turkish authorities manage water resources, policies and politics within the basins, affecting local society and the environment. It has been found that beyond establishing hydro-hegemony over co-riparian states along the Tigris and Euphrates (Syria and Iraq), the Turkish state has sought to deploy its soft and hard power over Kurds. The opposition Kurdish movement has responded by developing its own counter-hegemonic measures. Their proposals seem to aim at winning over Kurds, but also Turks and other peoples. Their framing of a different type of stakeholder participation in decision-making calls for a model of direct democracy covering different aspects of life, including water management and environmental soundness. The research is based on academic and government literature and a number of semi-structured interviews with Kurdish municipal officials, faculty and activists.El tema del agua afecta otros asuntos de justicia. En el artículo se discute del agua del Tigris y Éufrates desde puntos de vista kurdos en Turquía. No se aborda todo el entramado de relaciones de poder e intereses en la historia de estos ríos dentro del país o a través de las fronteras, sino cómo los opositores kurdos perciben cómo las autoridades turcas manejan los recursos hídricos y su política en la cuenca, afectando a la población y al medio ambiente. Se argumenta que el Estado, más allá de establecer su hidro-hegemonía sobre los países corribereños (Siria e Iraq), ha intentado proyectar su poder blando y duro sobre los kurdos. El movimiento kurdo opositor ha respondido estableciendo sus propias medidas contra-hegemónicas. Sus propuestas parecen buscar ganar a los kurdos, pero también a los turcos y a otras poblaciones. Su propuesta de participación social en la toma de decisiones es una propuesta de democracia directa que incluye el manejo del agua y preocupaciones ambientales. La investigación se basa en el estudio de bibliografía académica, documentos oficiales turcos y una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas con funcionarios municipales, profesores universitarios y activistas kurdos

Cost Saving of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Used in Non-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Inpatients

Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) is largely prescribed to ICU and non-ICU patients. SUP, an acid-suppressive drug, is overused in hospital settings mainly due to inadequate prescriptions in low-risk patients. In this context, the appropriate administration of SUP needs to be analyzed, and the potentially saved money from reducing excessive use can thereby be quantified. This study was intended to calculate potential cost savings in inappropriate SUP therapy in non-ICU inpatients. With a non-experimental retrospective design, it analyzed medical records and details obtained from the financial department of “X” hospital in Purwokerto, Indonesia. The data were collected from 80 non-ICU inpatients in May 2015, which were selected by purposive sampling. We calculated potential cost savings by referring to the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines that had been modified by Zeitoun (2011) for stress ulcer prophylaxis in non-ICU inpatients. The results showed that inappropriate indications and doses were found in 32.5% and 18% of selected patients, respectively. Before the cost-saving calculation, patients had to spend USD 2,411. However, after the analysis eliminated unnecessary SUP use, this number was proven to be potentially decreased by USD 512 to only USD 1,899. Based on the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test result (p = 0.000 (≤ 0.05)), there was a significant difference between the total cost before and after the application of modified ASHP guidelines for appropriateness. After a thorough assessment, we concluded that the treatment cost could be reduced by identifying and excluding inappropriateness in SUP therapy

Advances and applications of automata on words and trees : abstracts collection

From 12.12.2010 to 17.12.2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10501 "Advances and Applications of Automata on Words and Trees" was held in Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available

Self-reported throat symptoms in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders: A cross-sectional survey study

Objectives: This study identified the frequency and severity of dysphagia, dysphonia, and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in people with Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and explored differences between diagnostic groups. Methods: Participants were recruited via non-probability convenience sampling. Information was gathered via online survey, including the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI; Belafsky et al., J Voice. 2002;16:274–277), the Eating and Drinking Assessment Tool (EAT-10; Belafsky et al., Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2008;117:919–924), and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI; Jacobson et al., Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 1997;6(3):66–70). These were analyzed using ANOVAs. Results: There were 1620 participants (96.6% female, 2.8% male) that met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 38.09 (SD 12.22). 75.51% had hypermobile EDS (hEDS), 17.83% had HSD and 3.33% had classic EDS (cED). The cohort's mean scores were RSI = 22.95 (SD 9.01), EAT-10 = 11.91 (SD 9.66), and VHI score = 31.99 (SD 24.36). The hEDS group had significantly higher mean scores than the HSD group on RSI score and on some RSI items, on EAT-10 score and on all EAT-10 items, and on one VHI item. Conclusion: People with EDS/HSD experience symptoms of acid reflux, dysphagia, and dysphonia to varying degrees with significant differences between hEDS than HSD. Awareness of the impact of EDS/HSD on throat symptoms will enable health care professionals to anticipate throat symptoms more readily in this population, providing individualized and effective management plans. Level of Evidence: IV