Development and application of recombinant antibody-based immunoassays to tetraconazole residue analysis in fruit juices

Tetraconazole is currently used as a fungicide in fruit and vegetables. The aim of this work was the development of immunochemical techniques based on recombinant antibodies for the screening of tetraconazole residues in fruit juices. Recombinant antibodies were produced from a hybridoma cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody specific for tetraconazole and from lymphocytes of mice hyperimmunised with tetraconazole haptens conjugated to bovine serum albumin. From these antibodies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the conjugate-coated format were developed, which were able to detect tetraconazole standards down to 1 ng/mL. From recovery studies with spiked samples, these immunoassays determined tetraconazole in orange and apple juices with acceptable reproducibility (coefficients of variation below 25%) and recoveries (ranging from 78% to 145%) for a screening technique. The analytical performance of RAb-based immunoassays was fairly similar to that of the MAb-based immunoassays. Due to their simplicity and high sample throughput, the developed recombinant-based immunoassays can be valuable analytical tools for the screening of tetraconazole residues in fruit juices at regulatory levels.This work was funded by Ministerio de EducaciOn y Ciencia (MEC, Spain, Project AGL2002-03266). E. P. was the recipient of a doctoral fellowship from Conselleria d'Educacio (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain).Plana Andani, E.; Moreno Tamarit, MJ.; Montoya Baides, Á.; Manclus Ciscar, JJ. (2014). Development and application of recombinant antibody-based immunoassays to tetraconazole residue analysis in fruit juices. Food Chemistry. 143:205-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.121S20521314

Grading systems in head and neck dysplasia: their prognostic value, weaknesses and utility

Contains fulltext : 80594.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Grading of dysplasia, including head and neck lesions, continues to be a hotly debated subject. It is subjective and lacks intra- and inter-observer reproducibility due to the insufficiency of validated morphological criteria and the biological nature of dysplasia. Moreover, due to the absence of a consensus, several systems are currently employed. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this review are to:1) Highlight the significance of dysplasia and the importance of a valid method for assessing precursor lesions of the head and neck.2) Review the different histopathological classification systems for grading intraepithelial lesions of the head and neck.3) Discuss and review quality requirements for these grading systems. CONCLUSION: Regarding the different classification systems, data concerning the WHO classification system are the most available in current literature. There is no simple relationship or overlapping between the classification systems. Further studies should be done to see whether other systems have advantages above the current WHO system and to discover indications that could lead to an universal classification system for intraepithelial lesions of the head and neck

When assessment defines the content—understanding goals in between teachers and policy

© 2020 The Authors. The Curriculum Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Educational Research Association.Education policy development internationally reflect a widespread expansion of learning outcome orientation in policy, curricula and assessment. In this paper, teachers’ perceptions about their work are explored, as goals and assessment play a more prominent role driven by the introduction of a learning outcomes‐oriented system. This is investigated through interviews of Norwegian teachers and extensive policy analysis of Norwegian policy documents. The findings indicate that the teachers are finding ways to negotiate and adjust to the language in the policies investigated in this study. Furthermore, the findings show that the teachers have developed their professional language according to the policies. The teachers referred to their self‐made criteria and goal sheets as central tools in explicating what is to be learned. In many ways, the tools for assessment, thus determine the content of education as well as what is valued in the educational system.publishedVersio

Environmental estrogens interact with and modulate the properties of plasma sex steroid-binding proteins in juvenile Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)

Environmental chemicals may modulate the endocrine system through interaction with plasma sex steroid-binding proteins (SBP) and SBP-regulated processes. Some of these chemicals, which are known to interact with the estrogen receptor (ER), were found to bind competitively to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SBP and potentially disrupt the endocrine function of these proteins. Furthermore, both weakly acting (di-n-butyl phthalate) and potent estrogen mimics (ethynylestradiol), were able to induce a substantial up-regulation of circulating levels of SBP in vivo. Interestingly, modulation of SBP-levels was found to be a more sensitive endpoint than chemically induced interference with classical ER-mediated mechanisms for weakly acting estrogen mimics like di-(n-butyl) phthalate. Interference with the endocrine function of SBPs may thus introduce a novel mechanism for endocrine disruption, and give additional answers to the question why some weakly acting xenoestrogens are causing "estrogen-like" reproductive disturbances in developing males

Forskning og forsøk i landbruket : rester av DDT og PCB i omgivelsene i et norsk fruktdistrikt to år etter forbudet mot bruk av DDT

The aim of this study was to describe the extent of DDT contamination, two years after the DDT ban in a district with extensive fruit growing. Samples of different organisms, and soil inside and outside a pear orchard, was collected in 1972 at a fruit district in Sogn and analysed for DDT, DDE, DDD (together called Σ -DDT), o,p'-DDT and PCBs

Forskning og forsøk i landbruket : rester av DDT og PCB i omgivelsene i et norsk fruktdistrikt to år etter forbudet mot bruk av DDT

Inneholder flere artiklerThe aim of this study was to describe the extent of DDT contamination, two years after the DDT ban in a district with extensive fruit growing. Samples of different organisms, and soil inside and outside a pear orchard, was collected in 1972 at a fruit district in Sogn and analysed for DDT, DDE, DDD (together called Σ -DDT), o,p'-DDT and PCBs