32,314 research outputs found
Bell's inequality and the coincidence-time loophole
This paper analyzes effects of time-dependence in the Bell inequality. A
generalized inequality is derived for the case when coincidence and
non-coincidence [and hence whether or not a pair contributes to the actual
data] is controlled by timing that depends on the detector settings. Needless
to say, this inequality is violated by quantum mechanics and could be violated
by experimental data provided that the loss of measurement pairs through
failure of coincidence is small enough, but the quantitative bound is more
restrictive in this case than in the previously analyzed "efficiency loophole."Comment: revtex4, 3 figures, v2: epl document class, reformatted w slight
change
Feasibility study of an explosive gun
Feasibility of high performance, explosively driven device, and calculations for deformable piston light gas gu
Is the transition redshift a new cosmological number?
Observations from Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) provided strong evidence for an
expanding accelerating Universe at intermediate redshifts. This means that the
Universe underwent a transition from deceleration to acceleration phases at a
transition redshift of the order unity whose value in principle depends
on the cosmology as well as on the assumed gravitational theory. Since
cosmological accelerating models endowed with a transition redshift are
extremely degenerated, in principle, it is interesting to know whether the
value of itself can be observationally used as a new cosmic
discriminator. After a brief discussion of the potential dynamic role played by
the transition redshift, it is argued that future observations combining SNe
Ia, the line-of-sight (or "radial") baryon acoustic oscillations, the
differential age of galaxies, as well as the redshift drift of the spectral
lines may tightly constrain , thereby helping to narrow the parameter
space for the most realistic models describing the accelerating Universe.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Some discussions about how to estimate the
transition redshift have been added. New data by Planck and H(z) data have
been mentioned. New references have been adde
A geometric proof of the Kochen-Specker no-go theorem
We give a short geometric proof of the Kochen-Specker no-go theorem for
non-contextual hidden variables models. Note added to this version: I
understand from Jan-Aake Larsson that the construction we give here actually
contains the original Kochen-Specker construction as well as many others (Bell,
Conway and Kochen, Schuette, perhaps also Peres).Comment: This paper appeared some years ago, before the author was aware of
quant-ph. It is relevant to recent developments concerning Kochen-Specker
theorem
Unique Mass Texture for Quarks and Leptons
Texture specific quark mass matrices which are hermitian and hierarchical are
examined in detail . In the case of texture 6 zeros matrices, out of sixteen
possibilities examined by us, none is able to fit the low energy data (LED),
for example, , ,
, lies in the range (PDG). Similarly none of the 32 texture 5 zeros mass matrices considered
is able to reproduce LED. In particular, the latest data from LEP regarding
rules out all of them. In the texture 4
zeros case, we find that there is a unique texture structure for and
mass matrices which is able to fit the data.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX,some changes in the references,minor changes in the
text,to appear in Phys Rev D(Rapid communications
Experimenter's Freedom in Bell's Theorem and Quantum Cryptography
Bell's theorem states that no local realistic explanation of quantum
mechanical predictions is possible, in which the experimenter has a freedom to
choose between different measurement settings. Within a local realistic picture
the violation of Bell's inequalities can only be understood if this freedom is
denied. We determine the minimal degree to which the experimenter's freedom has
to be abandoned, if one wants to keep such a picture and be in agreement with
the experiment. Furthermore, the freedom in choosing experimental arrangements
may be considered as a resource, since its lacking can be used by an
eavesdropper to harm the security of quantum communication. We analyze the
security of quantum key distribution as a function of the (partial) knowledge
the eavesdropper has about the future choices of measurement settings which are
made by the authorized parties (e.g. on the basis of some quasi-random
generator). We show that the equivalence between the violation of Bell's
inequality and the efficient extraction of a secure key - which exists for the
case of complete freedom (no setting knowledge) - is lost unless one adapts the
bound of the inequality according to this lack of freedom.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, incorporated referee comment
Causal Quantum Theory and the Collapse Locality Loophole
Causal quantum theory is an umbrella term for ordinary quantum theory
modified by two hypotheses: state vector reduction is a well-defined process,
and strict local causality applies. The first of these holds in some versions
of Copenhagen quantum theory and need not necessarily imply practically
testable deviations from ordinary quantum theory. The second implies that
measurement events which are spacelike separated have no non-local
correlations. To test this prediction, which sharply differs from standard
quantum theory, requires a precise theory of state vector reduction.
Formally speaking, any precise version of causal quantum theory defines a
local hidden variable theory. However, causal quantum theory is most naturally
seen as a variant of standard quantum theory. For that reason it seems a more
serious rival to standard quantum theory than local hidden variable models
relying on the locality or detector efficiency loopholes.
Some plausible versions of causal quantum theory are not refuted by any Bell
experiments to date, nor is it obvious that they are inconsistent with other
experiments. They evade refutation via a neglected loophole in Bell experiments
-- the {\it collapse locality loophole} -- which exists because of the possible
time lag between a particle entering a measuring device and a collapse taking
place. Fairly definitive tests of causal versus standard quantum theory could
be made by observing entangled particles separated by light
seconds.Comment: Discussion expanded; typos corrected; references adde
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