Load Generators for Automatic Simulation of Urban Fleets

[EN] To ensure cities sustainability, we must deal with, among other challenges, traffic congestion, and its associated carbon emissions. We can approach such a problem from two perspectives: the transition to electric vehicles, which implies the need for charging station infrastructure, and the optimization of traffic flow. However, cities are complex systems, so it is helpful to test changes on them in controlled environments like the ones provided by simulators. In our work, we use SimFleet, an agent-based fleet simulator. Nevertheless, SimFleet does not provide tools for easily setting up big experiments, neither to simulate the realistic movement of its agents inside a city. Aiming to solve that, we enhanced SimFleet introducing two fully configurable generators that automatize the creation of experiments. First, the charging stations generator, which allocates a given amount of charging stations following a certain distribution, enabling to simulate how transports would charge and compare distributions. Second, the load generator, which populates the experiment with a given number of agents of a given type, introducing them dynamically in the simulation, and assigns them a movement that can be either random or based on real city data. The generators proved to be useful for comparing different distributions of charging stations as well as different agent behaviors over the same complex setup.This work was partially supported by MINECO/FEDER RTI2018-095390-B-C31 project of the Spanish government. Pasqual Martí and Jaume Jordán are funded by UPV PAID-06-18 project. Jaume Jordán is also funded by grant APOSTD/2018/010 of Generalitat Valenciana - Fondo Social Europeo.Martí Gimeno, P.; Jordán, J.; Palanca Cámara, J.; Julian Inglada, VJ. (2020). Load Generators for Automatic Simulation of Urban Fleets. Springer. 394-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51999-5_33S394405Campo, C.: Directory facilitator and service discovery agent. FIPA Document Repository (2002)Dong, J., Liu, C., Lin, Z.: Charging infrastructure planning for promoting battery electric vehicles: an activity-based approach using multiday travel data. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 38, 44–55 (2014)Jordán, J., Palanca, J., Del Val, E., Julian, V., Botti, V.: A multi-agent system for the dynamic emplacement of electric vehicle charging stations. Appl. Sci. 8(2), 313 (2018)Noori, H.: Realistic urban traffic simulation as vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) via Veins framework. In: 2012 12th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), pp. 1–7. IEEE (2012)Palanca, J., Terrasa, A., Carrascosa, C., Julián, V.: SimFleet: a new transport fleet simulator based on MAS. In: De La Prieta, F., et al. (eds.) PAAMS 2019. CCIS, vol. 1047, pp. 257–264. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24299-2_22Skippon, S., Garwood, M.: Responses to battery electric vehicles: UK consumer attitudes and attributions of symbolic meaning following direct experience to reduce psychological distance. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 16(7), 525–531 (2011)del Val, E., Palanca, J., Rebollo, M.: U-tool: a urban-toolkit for enhancing city maps through citizens’ activity. In: Demazeau, Y., Ito, T., Bajo, J., Escalona, M.J. (eds.) PAAMS 2016. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9662, pp. 243–246. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39324-7_2

Experimental study exploring the factors that promote rib fragility in the elderly

Rib fractures represent a common injury type due to blunt chest trauma, affecting hospital stay and mortality especially in elderly patients. Factors promoting rib fragility, however, are little investigated. The purpose of this in vitro study was to explore potential determinants of human rib fragility in the elderly. 89 ribs from 13 human donors (55\u201399 years) were loaded in antero-posterior compression until fracture using a material testing machine, while surface strains were captured using a digital image correlation system. The effects of age, sex, bone mineral density, rib level and side, four global morphological factors (e.g. rib length), and seven rib cross-sectional morphological factors (e.g. cortical thickness, determined by \u3bcCT), on fracture load were statistically examined using Pearson correlation coefficients, Mann\u2013Whitney U test as well as Kruskal\u2013Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc correction. Fracture load showed significant dependencies (p < 0.05) from bone mineral density, age, antero-posterior rib length, cortical thickness, bone volume/tissue volume ratio, trabecular number, trabecular separation, and both cross-sectional area moments of inertia and was significantly higher at rib levels 7 and 8 compared to level 4 (p = 0.001/0.013), whereas side had no significant effect (p = 0.989). Cortical thickness exhibited the highest correlation with fracture load (r = 0.722), followed by the high correlation of fracture load with the area moment of inertia around the longitudinal rib cross-sectional axis (r = 0.687). High correlations with maximum external rib surface strain were detected for bone volume/tissue volume ratio (r = 0.631) and trabecular number (r = 0.648), which both also showed high correlations with the minimum internal rib surface strain (r = 12 0.644/ 12 0.559). Together with rib level, the determinants cortical thickness, area moment of inertia around the longitudinal rib cross-sectional axis, as well as bone mineral density exhibited the largest effects on human rib fragility with regard to the fracture load. Sex, rib cage side, and global morphology, in contrast, did not affect rib fragility in this study. When checking elderly patients for rib fractures due to blunt chest trauma, patients with low bone mineral density and the mid-thoracic area should be carefully examined

Fractura por estrés del cuello femoral sobre clavo centromedular en cerrojo

Se presenta un caso de fractura de estrés del cuello femoral en una paciente de 81 años de edad, a los 7 meses del tratamiento de una fractura de diáfisis femoral mediante clavo intramedular en cerrojo estático. El aumento de solicitaciones mecánicas en cuello femoral producidas por la rigidez femoral que provoca el clavo centromedular, junto a la pobre masa ósea por la edad, parecen ser las causas de la fractura de estrés de cuello femoral. Esta posible complicación plantea la necesidad de retirar los clavos centromedulares en pacientes ancianos que lleven una vida activa.A case of femoral neck stress fracture is reported in a 81 years old patient, seven months after diaphyseal femoral fracture treated with static intramedullar interlocking nail. The increase of mechanical solicitations on the femoral neck caused for the femoral stiffness induced by the intramedullar nail together with the poor bone mass related with the age seemed to be the ethiology of the stress fracture of the femoral neck. This complication support the need for the ablation of the intramedullar nails in aged patients with an active life

Influencia de los cerrojos distales en el tratamiento de las fracturas trocantéreas estables mediante clavo gamma

Hemos tratado consecutivamente mediante clavo gamma 100 pacientes mayores de 60 años con fracturas trocantéreas estables colocando en 50 de ellas los cerrojos distales y no en las otras 50, habiéndose realizado un estudio comparativo quirúrgico y evolutivo entre ambas series con un seguimiento mínimo de 3 meses. Se han producido complicaciones operatorias en el 18% de la serie con cerrojos, todas ellas en la colocación de los mismos, y en 1 caso en la serie sin cerrojos, que obligó a la colocación de éstos. La consolidación se ha producido en todos los casos, no habiendo diferencias finales en la deambulación. No se han producido complicaciones evolutivas en la serie con cerrojos y sí en la de sin cerrojos, donde se han producido 2 fracturas en la zona externa proximal del fémur que no precisaron tratamiento adicional. Los resultados apoyan que la colocación de los cerrojos distales no es necesaria en el tratamiento con clavo gamma de las fracturas estables en la región trocantérea.One hundred consecutive patients, older than 60 years, with stable trochanteric fractures were treated with gamma nail: 50 of them with distal locking screws and the other 50 without them. We performed a prospective surgical and clinical comparative study between both groups, with a minimum follow-up of three months. Opcrative complications were found in 18% of cases in the group with distal locking, all of them during the implantation of the distal screws; and in one case in the group without distal screws, which forced its placing. Healing was always achieved, without diferences for walking ability. Complications during follow-up were not observed in the group treated with distal locking, but in the other group two proximal femoral fractures of the external cortical ocurred, although they do not need additional treatment. Our results support the hypothesis that distal locking screws are not necessary for the treatment of stable trochanteric fractures with the gamma nail

Top condensation model: a step towards the correct prediction of the Higgs mass

A realization of the composite Higgs scenario in the context of the effective model with the $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_R$ symmetric four-Fermi interactions proposed by Miransky, Tanabashi and Yamawaki is studied. The model implements Nambu's mechanism of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking leading to the formation of $\bar tt$ and $\bar bb$ quark condensates. We explore the vacuum structure and spectrum of the model by using the Schwinger proper-time method. As a direct consequence of this mechanism, the Higgs acquires a mass in accord with its experimental value. The present prediction essentially differs from the known overestimated value, $m_\chi= 2m_t$, making more favourable the top condensation scenario presented here. The mass formulas for the members of the second Higgs doublet are also obtained. The Nambu sum rule is discussed. It is shown that the anomalous $U(1)_A$ symmetry breaking modifies this rule at next to leading order in $1/N_c$.Comment: 14 pages, version to appear in EPJ

Aloinjerto como material de relleno de defecto óseo metafisario en las fracturas de platillo tibial

El propósito de este estudio fue valorar la eficacia del aloinjerto en las fracturas de platillo tibial como material de relleno para los defectos metafisarios, así como una alternativa que disminuya la morbilidad (dolor en el lugar de la extracción, infección del mismo, alargamiento del tiempo de intervención quirúrgica...) sin que disminuya la capacidad de integración ósea y se comprometa la realización de una movilización precoz. Para ello se han revisado trece casos clínicos en los que se ha practicado una reducción anatómica, fijación interna y relleno con aloinjerto procedente del Banco de Huesos, apreciándose una integración ósea del mismo en el plazo aproximado de 10 semanas. Valorando los resultados con arreglo a los criterios de Honkonen hemos obtenido 7 casos con excelente resultado, 4 casos con bueno y 2 casos con mal resultado. Consideramos que el aloinjerto óseo es una eficaz alternativa en el relleno de los defectos metafisarios óseos asociados a las fracturas de platillo tibial.The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of allograft bone as filling agent of metaphyseal defects in tibial plateau fractures, trying to find an effective alternative to decrease the morbility (donor site complications: painful, infection, increased surgical time...), without affecting bone ingrowth and early motion. A total of 13 cases treated by anatomic open reduction, rigid internal fixation and filling with frozen allograft bone have been reviewed. When evaluating results according to Honkonen, excellent results were found in 7 cases, good results in 4 and bad results in 2. Allograft bone seems to be an effective alternative for repairing metaphyseal defects associated with tibial plateau fractures

EMiR 2.0: A cognitive assistant robot for elderly

This paper presents the EMiR robot, which is based on the RobElf robotic platform. EMiR has been developed as a cognitive assistant robot which is able to detect and to classify the emotional state of the human with whom it interacts. Moreover, EMiR integrates a powerful recommendation module that allows the robot to suggest activities to be done by the humans taking into account the emotional states among other aspects.- (undefined

Towards persuasive social recommendation: knowledge model

[EN] The exponential growth of social networks makes fingerprint let by users on the Internet a great source of information, with data about their preferences, needs, goals, profile and social environment. These data are distributed across di↵erent sources of information (social networks, blogs, databases, etc.) that may contain inconsistencies and their accuracy is uncertain. Paradoxically, this unprecedented availability of heterogeneous data has meant that users have more information available than they actually are able to process and understand to extract useful knowledge from it. Therefore, new tools that help users in their decision-making processes within the network (e.g. which friends to contact with or which products to consume) are needed. In this paper, we show how we have used a graph-based model to extract and model data and transform it in valuable knowledge to develop a persuasive social recommendation system1.This work was partially supported by the project MINE-CO/FEDER TIN2012-365686-C03-01 of the Spanish government and by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports under the Program for R&D Valorisation and Joint Resources VLC/CAMPUS, as part of the Campus of International Excellence Program (Ref. SP20140788).Palanca Cámara, J.; Heras Barberá, SM.; Jorge Cano, J.; Julian Inglada, VJ. (2015). Towards persuasive social recommendation: knowledge model. ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review. 15(2):41-49. https://doi.org/10.1145/2815169.2815173S4149152Desel, J., Pernici, B., Weske, M. 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