Effect of Temperature on 3D Printing of Commercial Potato Puree

[EN] The temperature and composition of food, during the printing process, maybe a key factor impacting on rheological properties. Currently, there is no evidence of authors analysing the effect of printing temperature on the characteristics of final products. The aim of this paper was to study the printability of potato puree when affected by printing variables, such as printing temperature and the composition of the potato puree. The printing temperature was studied at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C, and the effect of the product composition on the printability was studied by analysing the rheological and textural properties. Viscosity-temperature profiles, flow curves and dynamic oscillation frequency analysis of potato puree were some of the techniques used in rheology analysis. Forward extrusion assays of formulated potato puree were used to study the compression force in the 3D printer. Results showed the formulation with higher content of dehydrated potato puree (38g of dehydrated potato puree in 250mL of whole milk) at a temperature of 30 degrees C were the most stable. The printability increase with the amount of the consistency index and the reduction of behaviour index. The mean force from extrusion test was correlated with printability but the effect of temperature did not help define this parameter.Martínez Monzó, J.; Cárdenas, J.; García-Segovia, P. (2019). Effect of Temperature on 3D Printing of Commercial Potato Puree. Food Biophysics. 14(3):225-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-019-09576-0S225234143G. Ares, A. Giménez, A. Gámbaro, Instrumental methods to characterize nonoral texture of dulce de leche. J. Texture Stud. 37(5), 553–567 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.2006.00068.xS. Bhattacharya, N. Vasudha, K.S. Krishna Murthy, Rheology of mustard paste: A controlled stress measurement. J. 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Food Eng. 179, 44–54 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.01.025C.A. Hamilton, G. Alici, M. in het Panhuis, 3D printing vegemite and marmite: Redefining “breadboards”. J. Food Eng. 220, 83–88 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.01.008S. Holland, T. Foster, W. MacNaughtan, C. Tuck, Design and characterisation of food grade powders and inks for microstructure control using 3D printing. J. Food Eng. 220, 12–19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.06.008H.W. Kim, H. Bae, H.J. Park, Classification of the printability of selected food for 3D printing: Development of an assessment method using hydrocolloids as reference material. J. Food Eng. 215, 23–32 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.07.017C. Le Tohic, J.J. O’Sullivan, K.P. Drapala, V. Chartrin, T. Chan, A.P. Morrison, et al., Effect of 3D printing on the structure and textural properties of processed cheese. J. Food Eng. 220, 56–64 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.003M. Lille, A. Nurmela, E. Nordlund, S. Metsä-Kortelainen, N. Sozer, Applicability of protein and fiber-rich food materials in extrusion-based 3D printing. J. Food Eng. 220, 20–27 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.04.034H. Lipson, M. Kurman, Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing (John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, 2013)J.I. Lipton, Printable food: The technology and its application in human health. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 44, 198–201 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.015Z. Liu, M. Zhang, B. Bhandari, Y. Wang, 3D printing: Printing precision and application in food sector. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 69, 83–94 (2017a, September). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.018Liu, Z., Zhang, M., Bhandari, B., & Yang, C. (2017b). Impact of Rheological Properties of Mashed Potatoes on 3D Printing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.04.017Z. Liu, M. Zhang, B. Bhandari, C. Yang, Impact of rheological properties of mashed potatoes on 3D printing. J. Food Eng. 220, 76–82 (2018a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.04.017Z. Liu, M. Zhang, C.h. Yang, Dual extrusion 3D printing of mashed potatoes/strawberry juice gel. Lwt 96(February), 589–596 (2018b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.014S. Mantihal, S. Prakash, F.C. Godoi, B. Bhandari, Optimization of chocolate 3D printing by correlating thermal and flow properties with 3D structure modeling. Innovative Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 44(September), 21–29 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2017.09.012F. Ronda, S. Pérez-Quirce, A. Angioloni, C. Collar, Impact of viscous dietary fibres on the viscoelastic behaviour of gluten-free formulated rice doughs: A fundamental and empirical rheological approach. Food Hydrocoll. 32(2), 252–262 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.01.014C. Severini, A. Derossi, D. Azzollini, Variables affecting the printability of foods: Preliminary tests on cereal-based products. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 38, 281–291 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2016.10.001C. Severini, A. Derossi, I. Ricci, R. Caporizzi, A. Fiore, Printing a blend of fruit and vegetables. New advances on critical variables and shelf life of 3D edible objects. J. Food Eng. 220, 89–100 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.025J.R. Stokes, J.H. Telford, Measuring the yield behaviour of structured fluids. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 124(1–3 SPEC. ISS), 137–146 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2004.09.001J. Sun, Z. Peng, W. Zhou, J.Y.H. Fuh, G.S. Hong, A. Chiu, A review on 3D printing for customized food fabrication. Procedia Manufacturing 1, 308–319 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.09.057J. Sun, W. Zhou, L. Yan, D. Huang, L.y. Lin, Extrusion-based food printing for digitalized food design and nutrition control. J. Food Eng. 220, 1–11 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.028F. Yang, M. Zhang, B. Bhandari, Recent development in 3D food printing. Crit. Rev. 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Minimization of measuring points for the electric field exposure map generation in indoor environments by means of Kriging interpolation and selective sampling

In a world with increasing systems accessing to radio spectrum, the concern for exposure to electromagnetic fields is growing and therefore it is necessary to check limits in those areas where electromagnetic sources are working. Therefore, radio and exposure maps are continuously being generated, mainly in outdoor areas, by using many interpolation techniques. In this work, Surfer software and Kriging interpolation have been used for the first time to generate an indoor exposure map. A regular measuring mesh has been generated. Elimination of Less Significant Points (ELSP) and Geometrical Elimination of Neighbors (GEN) strategies to reduce the measuring points have been presented and evaluated. Both strategies have been compared to the map generated with all the measurements by calculating the root mean square and mean absolute errors. Results indicate that ELSP method can reduce up to 70% of the mesh measuring points while producing similar exposure maps to the one generated with all the measuring points. GEN, however, produces distorted maps and much higher error indicators even for 50% of eliminated measuring points. As a conclusion, a procedure for reducing the measuring points to generate radio and exposure maps is proposed based on the ELSP method and the Kriging interpolation.This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors

NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS APLICADAS A LOS CUESTIONARIOS DE FRECUENCIA DE CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS: UNA PERSPECTIVA ACTUAL

The food frequency questionnaires are widely used in epidemiological researches like dietary assessment method. Traditionally, they have been self-administered in paper but the use of information and communication technologies has led to develop Internet and computerized food frequency questionnaires. It is the objective of this article to offer a global perspective of the new technologies applied to FFQ. It will be presented the purpose of the food frequency questionnaire, the number of strengths of the web-based surveys versus print-surveys and finally, a description of the manuscripts that have used web-based and computerized FFQ.[ES] Resumen Los cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos son muy utilizados en investigaciones epidemiológicas como método para evaluar la dieta. Tradicionalmente, han sido autoadministrados en papel, pero el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) ha permitido desarrollar cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos computerizados y a través de Internet. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una perspectiva actual del uso de las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al diseño e interpretación de los cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. En el presente trabajo se resumen los objetivos de los cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, las ventajas de los cuestionarios autoadministrados por Internet frente a los administrados en papel y finalmente, se describirán diferentes estudios que han usado cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos autoadministrados mediante el uso de ordenador o a través de Internet.Gonzalez-Carrascosa, R. has a predoctoral scholarship from Generalitat Valenciana (Spain).García Segovia, P.; González Carrascosa, R.; Martínez Monzó, J.; Ngo, J.; Serra-Majem, L. (2011). New technologies applied to food frequency questionnaires: a currentperspective. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 26(4):803-806. doi:10.3305/nh.2011.26.4.5154S80380626

Aggregation Patterns, Sampling Plan, and Economic Injury Levels for the New Citrus Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

[EN] Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is the latest exotic mealybug species introduced in citrus in the Mediterranean basin. It causes severe distortion and size reduction on developing fruits. Due to its first interaction with citrus, D. aberiae economic thresholds are still unknown for this crop and the current Integrated Pest Management programs have been disrupted. The objectives of this study were to determine the aggregation patterns of D. aberiae in citrus, develop an efficient sampling plan to assess its population density, and calculate its Economic and Economic Environmental Injury Levels (EIL and EEIL, respectively). Twelve and 19 orchards were sampled in 2014 and 2015, respectively. At each orchard, population densities were monitored fortnightly in leaves, twigs, and fruit, and fruit damage was determined at harvest. Our results showed a clumped aggregation of D. aberiae in all organs with no significant differences between generations on fruit. Fruit damage at harvest was strongly correlated with fruit occupation in spring. Based on these results and using chlorpyrifos as the insecticide of reference, the EIL and EEIL were calculated as 7.1 and 12.1% of occupied fruit in spring, respectively. With all this, we recommend sampling 275 fruits using a binomial sampling method or alternatively, 140 fruits with an enumerative method bimonthly between petal fall and July.We would like to thank the owners of the orchards for giving us permission to use their plantations, Aureli Marco and Jesus Marques for finding the orchards, and P. Bru (IVIA) and J. Catalan (IVIA) for their help in sampling. This research was supported by two predoctoral grant (FPU toV. M. and Val I+D to J.P.-R.) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport and Generalitat Valenciana, respectively, a national project provided by INIA (Project no. RTA2014-00067) and a European grant (FP7-IAPP324475 'Colbics')Pérez-Rodríguez, J.; Martínez-Blay, V.; Soto Sánchez, AI.; Selfa, J.; Monzó, C.; Urbaneja, A.; Tena, A. (2017). Aggregation Patterns, Sampling Plan, and Economic Injury Levels for the New Citrus Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 110(6):2699-2706. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox258S269927061106Allsopp, P. G. (1991). Binomial sequential sampling of adult Saccharicoccus sacchari on sugarcane. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 60(3), 213-218. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01540.xBellard, C., Cassey, P., & Blackburn, T. M. (2016). Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions. Biology Letters, 12(2), 20150623. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623Beltrà, A., Garcia-Marí, F., & Soto, A. (2013). Seasonal Phenology, Spatial Distribution, and Sampling Plan for the Invasive Mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(3), 1486-1494. doi:10.1603/ec13024Boavida, C., Neuenschwander, P., & Schulthess, F. (1992). Spatial distribution ofRastrococcus invadensWilliams (Hom., Pseudococcidae) in mango trees. Journal of Applied Entomology, 114(1-5), 381-391. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1992.tb01141.xBrowning, T. (1959). The long-tailed mealybug, Pseudococcus adonidum (L.) in South Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(3), 322. doi:10.1071/ar9590322Furness, G. (1976). The Dispersal, Age-Structure and Natural Enemies of the Long-Tailed Mealybug, Pseudococcus Longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), in Relation to Sampling and Control. Australian Journal of Zoology, 24(2), 237. doi:10.1071/zo9760237Gaertner, M., Den Breeyen, A., Cang Hui, & Richardson, D. M. (2009). Impacts of alien plant invasions on species richness in Mediterranean-type ecosystems: a meta-analysis. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 33(3), 319-338. doi:10.1177/0309133309341607GEIGER, C. A., & DAANE, K. M. (2001). Seasonal Movement and Distribution of the Grape Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Developing a Sampling Program for San Joaquin Valley Vineyards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94(1), 291-301. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.291Goolsby, J. A., Kirk, A. A., & Meyerdirk, D. E. (2002). SEASONAL PHENOLOGY AND NATURAL ENEMIES OF MACONELLICOCCUS HIRSUTUS (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA. Florida Entomologist, 85(3), 494-498. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0494:spaneo]2.0.co;2Groffman, P. M., Baron, J. S., Blett, T., Gold, A. J., Goodman, I., Gunderson, L. H., … Wiens, J. (2006). Ecological Thresholds: The Key to Successful Environmental Management or an Important Concept with No Practical Application? Ecosystems, 9(1), 1-13. doi:10.1007/s10021-003-0142-zHulme, P. E. (2009). Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46(1), 10-18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.xJacas, J. A., & Urbaneja, A. (2010). Biological Control in Citrus in Spain: From Classical to Conservation Biological Control. Integrated Management of Arthropod Pests and Insect Borne Diseases, 61-72. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8606-8_3Kuno, E. (1991). Sampling and Analysis of Insect Populations. Annual Review of Entomology, 36(1), 285-304. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.001441MacDonald, G. K., Brauman, K. A., Sun, S., Carlson, K. M., Cassidy, E. S., Gerber, J. S., & West, P. C. (2015). Rethinking Agricultural Trade Relationships in an Era of Globalization. BioScience, 65(3), 275-289. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu225MAINKA, S. A., & HOWARD, G. W. (2010). Climate change and invasive species: double jeopardy. Integrative Zoology, 5(2), 102-111. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00193.xMartínez-Ferrer, M. T., Ripollés, J. L., & Garcia-Marí, F. (2006). Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Citrus Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Citrus Groves. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(3), 993-1001. doi:10.1093/jee/99.3.993Meyerson, L. A., & Mooney, H. A. (2007). Invasive alien species in an era of globalization. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(4), 199-208. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[199:iasiae]2.0.co;2Mgocheki, N., & Addison, P. (2009). Incorporating sampling precision into an action threshold for monitoring ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) population levels in vineyards. Crop Protection, 28(3), 257-263. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2008.10.010Miller, D. R., & Giliomee, J. H. (2011). Systematic Revision of the Mealybug GenusDelottococcusCox & Ben-Dov (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). African Entomology, 19(3), 614-640. doi:10.4001/003.019.0306Mudavanhu, P., Addison, P., & Pringle Ken, L. (2011). Monitoring and action threshold determination for the obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using pheromone-baited traps. Crop Protection, 30(7), 919-924. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2011.02.034Navarro-Campos, C., Aguilar, A., & Garcia-Marí, F. (2011). Aggregation pattern, sampling plan, and intervention threshold for Pezothrips kellyanus in citrus groves. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 142(2), 130-139. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01204.xNestel, D., Cohen, H., Saphir, N., Klein, M., & Mendel, Z. (1995). Spatial Distribution of Scale Insects: Comparative Study Using Taylor’s Power Law. Environmental Entomology, 24(3), 506-512. doi:10.1093/ee/24.3.506PIMENTEL, D., LACH, L., ZUNIGA, R., & MORRISON, D. (2000). Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States. BioScience, 50(1), 53. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0053:eaecon]2.3.co;2Pimentel, D., Zuniga, R., & Morrison, D. (2005). Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States. Ecological Economics, 52(3), 273-288. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.002Planes, L., Catalán, J., Jaques, J. A., Urbaneja, A., & Tena, A. (2015). Pezothrips kellyanus(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Nymphs on Orange Fruit: Importance of the Second Generation for Its Management. Florida Entomologist, 98(3), 848-855. doi:10.1653/024.098.0306Roltsch, W. J., Meyerdirk, D. E., Warkentin, R., Andress, E. R., & Carrera, K. (2006). Classical biological control of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), in southern California. Biological Control, 37(2), 155-166. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.01.006Stern, V. M., Smith, R. F., van den Bosch, R., & Hagen, K. S. (1959). The integration of chemical and biological control of the spotted alfalfa aphid: The integrated control concept. Hilgardia, 29(2), 81-101. doi:10.3733/hilg.v29n02p081Sutherland, W. J., Bardsley, S., Bennun, L., Clout, M., Côté, I. M., Depledge, M. H., … Fleishman, E. (2011). Horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2011. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 26(1), 10-16. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010.11.002TAYLOR, L. R. (1961). Aggregation, Variance and the Mean. Nature, 189(4766), 732-735. doi:10.1038/189732a0Tena, A., García-Bellón, J., & Urbaneja, A. (2016). Native and naturalized mealybug parasitoids fail to control the new citrus mealybug pest Delottococcus aberiae. Journal of Pest Science, 90(2), 659-667. doi:10.1007/s10340-016-0819-7Waterworth, R. A., Redak, R. A., & Millar, J. G. (2011). Pheromone-Baited Traps for Assessment of Seasonal Activity and Population Densities of Mealybug Species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Nurseries Producing Ornamental Plants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104(2), 555-565. doi:10.1603/ec1031

Prevalencia en nuestro medio de las deformidades dinámicas posicionales del hallux como secuela de las fracturas de tercio medio y distal de tibia

Dynamic positional deformity of the hallux is a relatively new disease, precisely because of its innovative nature and dynamics may go unnoticed to clinicians. It is because of this, that the limited literature available stresses the importance of making an active search for this pathology in our daily practice. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of these deformities at the University Hospital Dr. Peset of Valencia as well as make an analysis of their management. An analytical, descriptive and retrospective study was designed in which patients admitted in our center during 2014 and 2015 with medium and distal third tibia fracture were analyzed searching for dynamics positional deformities of the hallux. We found a total of 5 compatible cases from 42 analyzed tibia fractures. This may indicate that as expected dynamic positional deformity of the hallux could be an underrated disease in our medium

Evaluation of Textural and Sensory Properties on Typical Spanish Small Cakes Designed Using Alternative Flours

[EN] The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat flour substitution with toasted corn, quinoa, and sorghum flours on the overall perception and texture of typical Spanish small cakes named madeleine. In order to evaluate these characteristics, a texture profile analysis (TPA) and a sensory analysis were carried out. TPA showed that the replacement of wheat flour by sorghum flour did not affect significantly texture parameters of cakes. Hedonic sensory tests were also conducted revealing that the cake prepared with sorghum flour was highly appreciated by the consumers as it got scores similar to traditional cakes made with wheat flour.Casas Moreno, MDM.; Barreto Palacios, VJ.; González Carrascosa, R.; Iborra Bernad, MDC.; Andrés Bello, MD.; Martínez Monzó, J.; García-Segovia, P. (2015). Evaluation of Textural and Sensory Properties on Typical Spanish Small Cakes Designed Using Alternative Flours. Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 13(1):19-28. doi:10.1080/15428052.2014.952475S1928131Baldwin, R. R., Baldry, R. P., & Johansen, R. G. (1972). Fat systems for bakery products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 49(8), 473-477. doi:10.1007/bf02582482Beleia, A., Miller, R. A., & Hoseney, R. C. (1996). Starch Gelatinization in Sugar Solutions. Starch - Starke, 48(7-8), 259-262. doi:10.1002/star.19960480705Brannan, G. L., Setser, C. S., Kemp, K. E., Seib, P. A., & Roozeboom, K. (2001). Sensory Characteristics of Grain Sorghum Hybrids with Potential for Use in Human Food. Cereal Chemistry Journal, 78(6), 693-700. doi:10.1094/cchem.2001.78.6.693Cauvain, S. P., & Young, L. S. (Eds.). (2006). Baked Products. doi:10.1002/9780470995907Chieh, C. (s. f.). Water. Bakery Products, 211-232. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch11Conforti, F. D. (s. f.). Cake Manufacture. Bakery Products, 393-410. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch22Ghotra, B. S., Dyal, S. D., & Narine, S. S. (2002). Lipid shortenings: a review. Food Research International, 35(10), 1015-1048. doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(02)00163-1Kiosseoglou, V., & Paraskevopoulou, A. (s. f.). Eggs. Bakery Products, 161-172. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch8Lai, H.-M., & Lin, T.-C. (s. f.). Bakery Products: Science and Technology. Bakery Products, 3-68. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch1Lau, M. ., Tang, J., & Paulson, A. . (2000). Texture profile and turbidity of gellan/gelatin mixed gels. Food Research International, 33(8), 665-671. doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(00)00111-3LINDLEY, M. G. (1987). Sucrose in baked products. Nutrition Bulletin, 12(1), 41-45. doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1987.tb00011.xMastromatteo, M., Chillo, S., Iannetti, M., Civica, V., & Del Nobile, M. A. (2011). Formulation optimisation of gluten-free functional spaghetti based on quinoa, maize and soy flours. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46(6), 1201-1208. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02613.xOreopoulou, V. (s. f.). Fat Replacers. Bakery Products, 193-210. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch10Peressini, D., Pin, M., & Sensidoni, A. (2011). Rheology and breadmaking performance of rice-buckwheat batters supplemented with hydrocolloids. Food Hydrocolloids, 25(3), 340-349. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.06.012Sanz, T., Salvador, A., Baixauli, R., & Fiszman, S. M. (2009). Evaluation of four types of resistant starch in muffins. II. Effects in texture, colour and consumer response. European Food Research and Technology, 229(2), 197-204. doi:10.1007/s00217-009-1040-1Taylor, J. R. N., Schober, T. J., & Bean, S. R. (2006). Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets. Journal of Cereal Science, 44(3), 252-271. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.009Wilderjans, E., Luyts, A., Brijs, K., & Delcour, J. A. (2013). Ingredient functionality in batter type cake making. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 30(1), 6-15. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2013.01.001Wilderjans, E., Pareyt, B., Goesaert, H., Brijs, K., & Delcour, J. A. (2008). The role of gluten in a pound cake system: A model approach based on gluten–starch blends. Food Chemistry, 110(4), 909-915. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.079Wilson, N. L. W. (2011). How the Cookie Crumbles: A Case Study of Gluten-Free Cookies and Random Utility. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 94(2), 576-582. doi:10.1093/ajae/aar081Zhu, J.-H., Yang, X.-Q., Ahmad, I., Li, L., Wang, X.-Y., & Liu, C. (2008). Rheological properties of κ-carrageenan and soybean glycinin mixed gels. Food Research International, 41(3), 219-228. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2007.11.00

Prognostic value of replication errors on chromosomes 2p and 3p in non-small-cell lung cancer

As chromosomes 2p and 3p are frequent targets for genomic instability in lung cancer, we have addressed whether alterations of simple (CA)n DNA repeats occur in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at early stages. We have analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay replication errors (RER) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at microsatellites mapped on chromosomes 2p and 3p in 64 paired tumour-normal DNA samples from consecutively resected stage I, II or IIIA NSCLC. DNA samples were also examined for K-ras and p53 gene mutations by PCR-single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and cyclic sequencing, as well as their relationship with clinical outcome. Forty-two of the 64 (66%) NSCLC patients showed RER at single or multiple loci. LOH was detected in 23 tumours (36%). Among patients with stage I disease, the 5-year survival rate was 80% in those whose tumours had no evidence of RER and 26% in those with RER (P = 0.005). No correlation was established between RER phenotype and LOH, K-ras or p53 mutations. RER remained a strong predictive factor (hazard ratio for death, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 2.23-3.79; P = 0.002) after adjustment for all other evaluated factors, including p53, K-ras, LOH, histological type, tumour differentiation and TNM stage, suggesting that microsatellite instability on chromosomes 2p and 3p may play a role in NSCLC progression through a different pathway from the traditional tumour mechanisms of oncogene activation and/or tumour-suppressor gene inactivation

Pozzolanic reactivity studies on a miomass-derived waste from sugar cane production: sugar cane straw ash (SCSA)

"This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021%2Facssuschemeng.6b00770.”Biomass has gained in importance as an energy source in recent years. One of the crops that presents interesting opportunities with regard to biomass is sugar cane. In Brazil, sugar cane production is increasing for alcohol and sugar manufacture. Some by-products, such as sugar cane straw, also are obtained during harvesting. Due the calorific value of the sugar cane straw, its use as biomass is increasing. After the straw is burned to produce energy, an ash is obtained: sugar cane straw ash (SCSA). This waste needs an appropriate destination and, since the recent publication of successful studies using biomass derived-ashes as pozzolanic material, the present study aimed to assess the pozzolanic reactivity of sugar cane straw ash. The pozzolanic activity was assessed using a new and simple recently proposed method: evaluation of the electrical conductivity of calcium hydroxide (CH) and pozzolan suspensions, in which solid CH is initially present. These results were compared to those of two other well-established techniques: Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The evaluation by all three techniques is similar and shows that sugar cane straw ash is a good pozzolanic material: high lime fixation values for CH:SCSA mixes were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and unsaturation respect to CH in 3.5:6.5 CH:SCSA suspension was achieved at 60ºC. According to this behaviour, a bright future for SCSA as a replacement for Portland cement is expected.We thank CNPq (processo no. 401724/2013-1) and the "Ministerio de Education, Cultura y Deporte" of Spain ("Cooperacion Interuniversitaria" program with Brazil PHB-2011-0016-PC). Thanks are also due to the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaMoraes, J.; Melges, JLP.; Akasaki, JL.; Tashima, MM.; Soriano Martínez, L.; Monzó Balbuena, JM.; Borrachero Rosado, MV.... (2016). Pozzolanic reactivity studies on a miomass-derived waste from sugar cane production: sugar cane straw ash (SCSA). ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 4(8):4273-4279. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00770S427342794

Cement equivalence factor evaluations for fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue

Fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FC3R) is a waste material that can be used as a Portland cement replacement in pastes, mortars, and concrete. The flow table results show that FC3R is a water demanding addition; nevertheless, this effect can be compensated with the use of superplasticizers. The pozzolanic activity of FC3R was studied observing the mechanical strength evolution with time. Pastes and mortars with FC3R incorporated show higher mechanical strengths than control specimens, indicating the pozzolanic activity of the waste. Cement equivalence factor (k-factor) evaluations were carried out. The k-factor values for the FC3R pastes and mortars were always greater than one, indicating that in order to maintain the same compressive mechanical strength of the control specimen it is sufficient to replace cement with a smaller amount of catalyst residue, due to the high pozzolanic activity of FC3R. There is a strong agreement between the k-factor values obtained in pastes and mortars.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain (Project MAT 2001-2694).Paya Bernabeu, JJ.; Monzó Balbuena, JM.; Borrachero Rosado, MV.; Velazquez Rodriguez, S. (2013). Cement equivalence factor evaluations for fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue. Cement and Concrete Composites. 39:12-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.011S12173

YKT6 expression, exosome release, and survival in non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Cancer-derived exosomes are involved in metastasis. YKT6 is a SNARE protein that participates in the regulation of exosome production and release, but its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultracentrifugation-purified exosomes from the A549 cell line were studied by CRYO-TEM, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot (TSG101 marker). YKT6 was inhibited using a DsiRNA and selected pre-microRNAs. MicroRNAs targeting YKT6 were validated by Renilla/Luciferase assay and western blot. YKT6 expression and its prognostic impact were analyzed in 98 tissue specimens from resected NSCLC patients. RESULTS: Membranous nanosized vesicles (mode size: 128nm) with TSG101 protein were purified from A549 cells. YKT6 inhibition reduced exosome release by 80.9%. We validated miR-134 and miR-135b as miRNAs targeting YKT6, and transfection with the pre-miRNAs also produced a significant reduction in exosome release. The analysis of YKT6 in tumor samples showed that patients with high levels had shorter disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: YKT6 is a key molecule in the regulation of exosome release in lung cancer cells and is in turn precisely regulated by miR-134 and miR-135b. Moreover, YKT6 levels impact prognosis of resected NSCLC patients