Effectiveness of active cycle breathing technique over diaphragmatic breathing exercise in pulmonary complication in post pulmonary surgery

NEED FOR THE STUDY: The understanding of the differences between ACBT & DBE will help to the physiotherapy to prescribe the correct breathing technique & prevent pulmonary complication in post operative patients. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to analyze the beneficial effects of diaphragmetic breathing exercise and active cycle breathing technique in prevention of post operative pulmonary complication in pulmonary surgery. HYPOTHESIS: Both ACBT & DBE in prevention of pulmonary complication in pulmonary surgery. ACBT is more effective than DBE. NULL HYPOTHESIS: There is no significant difference between ACBT & DBE in prevention of pulmonary complication in post pulmonary surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: STUDY SETTING: The study is conducted in Meenakshi Mission Hospital, Madurai-20. STUDY SAMPLE: 20 individuals who underwent pulmonary surgery, aged between 30-50 years are going to be selected based on the randomly selection criteria for the study. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: The study is an experimental design involving the effective analysis of two groups were randomly selected in pulmonary surgery. Group I – ACBT, Group II – DBE. DURATION OF THE STUDY: The Study is carried out for period of Six Months. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. patients who will undergo pulmonary surgery, 2. Patients without any other systemic and cardiac conditions preoperatively, 3. Age group from 30 to 50 years, 4. Both Males & females, 5. Patient stable, Co-Operative. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Acute Rib fracture, 2. Chest and spinal deformities, 3. Age less than 30 and more than 50, 4. Patients with other systemic and cardiac conditions preoperatively, 5. Patients with neurological disorder. RESULTS: Respiratory Rate: The means & SD of the two groups A & B have been shown in table. Group A (ACBT) showed a significance of 5% [9.12] & Group B (DBE) showed a significance of 5% [8.52]. In the comparison between the two groups a significance of 5% [4.86] was achieved. The results suggest that there is a significant decrease in respiratory rate in pulmonary surgery in post operative patients after the giving ACBT & DBE. ACBT is more effective than DBE. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate: The means & SD of the two groups A & B have been shown in table. Group A [ACBT] showed a significance of 5% [38.48] & Group B (DBE) showed a significance of 5% [35.41]. In the comparison between the two groups a significance of 5% [11.62] was achieved. The results suggest that there is a significant Increase in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Pulmonary Surgery in Post operative patients after the giving ACBT & DBE But ACBT is more than DBE. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicates greater effectiveness in ACBT, less effectiveness in DBE in acutely clearing secretions, prevent the pulmonary complications & increase PEF Rate & also decrease respiratory rate, post operative in patients with pulmonary surgery. These techniques can be used in post operative patients in pulmonary surgery and the physiotherapist’s preferences

Approaches for Automated Object Recognition and Extraction from Images — a Study

Digital Image Interpretation is one of the most challenging and important tasks in many scientific and engineering applications. The two vital subtasks in image interpretation are recognition and extraction of object(s) of interest (OOI) from an image. When such tasks are manually performed, it calls for human experts, making them more time consuming, less cost effective and highly constrained. These negative factors led to the development of a computer system which performed an automatic analysis of visual information in order to bring in consistency, efficiency and accuracy in image analysis. This paper focuses on the survey of various existing automated approaches for recognition and extraction of OOI from an image in various scientific and engineering applications. In this work a categorization of these approaches is made based on the four principle factors (Input, Object, Feature, Attention) with which each approach is driven. Most of the approaches discussed in this paper are proved to work efficiently in real environments

Statistical Analysis When the Data is an Image: Eliciting Student Thinking About Sampling and Variability

Within statistics education, there is a growing interest in understanding students\u27 application of understanding about variability and sampling given the relative lack of research in either area (Shaughnessy, 2007). The task examined in this paper elicited students\u27 knowledge of these concepts within a small-group problem solving task completed by teams of first-year engineering students. In the Nanoroughness task, teams of students designed a procedure for quantifying the roughness of a material surface using digital images generated by atomic force microscopy. The procedure required students to apply statistical methods in order to aggregate the data. The focus of this article is the subsequent analysis of the responses to the task and the questions raised by that analysis. The Nanoroughness task is unique but critical as a statistical modeling task for two reasons. First, the students needed to use statistical measures to develop a measure that would describe a qualitative characteristic (roughness) without any prompting as to what statistical procedures were relevant. There are different ways to conceptualize roughness of a surface. Sandpaper’s roughness depends on the grain size of the sand. A road may be rough if it has randomly occurring large holes but smoother if the bumps are evenly distributed. The challenge in developing quantitative measures to define qualitative characteristics is that different quantitative analyses emphasize different variables and the students needed to both analyze and apply statistical procedures relevant to the context. For instance, determining which member of a set is the most rough or the least rough will depend on what measurements were selected, and how those measures were analyzed. The second unique characteristic of the task is that the students also needed to define a sampling procedure for an image that would facilitate quantifying the variability in the surface portrayed in the digital image. Usually when students need to take measurements of a population, the population is a discrete set of objects. In this case, the data set was a continuous surface. From the data set, the students need to determine the relevant population (e.g., every point on the surface, every peak on the surface, peaks and valleys). Such continuous populations are not unique within engineering and the sciences and occur in a variety of contexts where characteristics need to be measured and operationally defined. The task was implemented in a first-year engineering course that served as an introduction to basic tools of engineering with an emphasis on MatLab® and Excel® as technological tools. The Nanoroughness task was used in the course to introduce students to the real work of engineers who must not only calculate statistics but also analyze and interpret the results. Our research asked a two-part question. First, what is the quality of student responses to the Nanoroughness task? To answer this we looked at the viability of the model they had created and how well they had explained their procedure for comparing the roughness of images. Second, what statistical models were elicited by the task? We specifically looked at the sampling methods students used and then how the students analyzed the data set they had created. In this paper, we describe the quantitative and qualitative analyses we completed of a sample of student responses

Loyalty to the profession? A study of Australian financial planners

The purpose of this paper is to examine the demographic variables of age and gender in conjunction with three independent variables: Internal versus external locus of control personality dimension, individualist versus collectivist personality dimension, and perceived environmental uncertainty and to relate same to the professional commitment (PC) of financial planners in Australia. A questionnaire was used to survey a sample of 312 financial planners nationally, with a 36% response rate and statistically significant results. At the 90% confidence level (p=0.10) respondents over the age of 35 demonstrated no difference between their levels of professional commitment than did those under the age of 35, while at the same level of confidence, females demonstrated a statistically significant higher level of PC than did their male counterparts. Respondents with an external locus of control displayed lower levels of PC (p=0.10) that those with an internal locus of control. These findings contribute to our understanding of the professional commitment of financial planners, and are important from a public policy perspective in an era of increasing attention to, and likely increased regulation of, the financial planning industry.<br /

Improving animal health on organic dairy farms: stakeholder views on policy options

Although ensuring good animal health is a stated aim of organic livestock farming and an important reason why consumers purchase organic products, the health states actually achieved are comparable to those in conventional farming. Unfortunately, there have been no studies to date that have assessed stakeholder views on different policy options for improving animal health on organic dairy farms. To address this deficit, stakeholder consultations were conducted in four European countries, involving 39 supply-chain stakeholders (farmers, advisors, veterinarians, inspectors, processors, and retailers). Stakeholders were encouraged to discuss different ways, including policy change, of improving organic health states. Acknowledging the need for further health improvements in organic dairy herds, stakeholders generally favoured establishing outcome-oriented animal health requirements as a way of achieving this. However, as a result of differing priorities for animal health improvement, there was disagreement on questions such as: who should be responsible for assessing animal health status on organic farms; and how to define and implement minimum health requirements. The results of the study suggest that future research must fully explore the opportunities and risks of different policy options and also suggest ways to overcome the divergence of stakeholders’ interests in public debates

Expression of Cellulosome Components and Type IV Pili within the Extracellular Proteome of Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007

Funding: The Rowett Institute receives funding from SG-RESAS (Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Science and Analysis Service). Visit of M.V. was supported by research grants from FEMS and Slovene human resources development and scholarship funds. Parts of this work were funded by grants from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel – BSF Energy Research grant to E.A.B. and B.A.W. and Regular BSF Research grants to R.L. and B.A.W. – and by the Israel Science Foundation (grant nos 966/09 and 159/07 291/08). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cellulosomics, a gene-centric approach to investigating the intraspecific diversity and adaptation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens within the rumen

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Mindfulness in Parenting and Coparenting

Mindfulness has been established as a critical psychosocial variable for the well-being of individuals; however, less is understood regarding the role of mindfulness within the family context of parents, coparents, and children. This study tested a model examining the process by which parent dispositional mindfulness relates to parenting and coparenting relationship quality through mindful parenting and coparenting. Participants were 485 parents (59.2% mothers) from three community samples of families with youth across three developmental stages: young childhood (3 – 7 yrs.; n = 164), middle childhood (8 – 12 yrs.; n = 161), and adolescence (13 – 17 yrs.; n = 160). Path analysis using maximum likelihood estimation was employed to test primary hypotheses. The proposed model demonstrated excellent fit. Findings across all three youth development stages indicated both direct effects or parent dispositional mindfulness, as well as indirect effects through mindful parenting and mindful coparenting, with parenting and coparenting relationship quality. Implications for intervention and prevention efforts are discussed

Is animal-assisted therapy for minimally conscious state beneficial? A case study

The goal of this single case study was to qualitatively investigate the effects of animal-assisted therapy in a patient in a minimally conscious state.; We present a 28-year-old female patient in a minimally conscious state following polytrauma after a sports accident leading to cerebral fat embolism causing multiple CNS ischemic lesions. She received eight animal-assisted therapy sessions and eight paralleled control therapy sessions over 4 weeks. We investigated the reactions of the patient during these sessions; via; qualitative behavior analysis.; The patient showed a broader variability and higher quality of behavior during animal-assisted therapy compared to control therapy sessions.; The observed behavioral changes showed higher arousal and increased awareness in the presence of an animal. The presented case supports the assumption that animal-assisted therapy can be a beneficial treatment approach for patients in a minimally conscious state

Cyclic loading is harmful to articular cartilage from which proteoglycans have been partially depleted by retinoic acid

SummaryWe studied whether cyclic loading is harmful to degraded cartilage. Sets of four cartilage-bearing sesamoid bones were dissected from 5-year-old cows. One bone from each set was cultured for 17 h in control medium to serve as an ex vivo control. The three others were cultured for 1 week in control medium to which 0, 10 or 300 ng/ml retinoic acid (RAc), which depletes the cartilage matrix of proteoglycans, had been added. Two were then cultured for another week in control medium. During the last week, one of the two was subjected to a cyclic load (1 MPa, 0.2 Hz). Following treatment with RAc, glycosaminoglycan content and synthesis were significantly decreased, as confirmed by safranin O staining and autoradiography. They were further diminished by loading during the second week of culture. Increased amounts of 3-B-3(−) epitope were found in cartilage that had been treated with 300 ng/ml RAc and then loaded. While loading cartilage matrix that was only slightly degraded proved to be damaging, loading severely degraded cartilage matrix apparently induced osteoarthritic-like changes