Seminario sobre el proceso científico : naturaleza de la ciencia, investigación científica y relaciones ciencia-tecnología- sociedad

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en los cambios sobre concepciones científicas al realizar un seminario con estudiantes de grado de biología sobre el proceso científico: naturaleza de la ciencia, investigación científica y relaciones ciencia-tecnología-sociedad, de carácter teórico y práctico. Se realizó una sesión teórica sobre naturaleza de la ciencia y dos prácticas: lectura de un artículo para aplicar los contenidos de la naturaleza de la ciencia y análisis de un proyecto realizado que incluía aspectos sobre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. Se evaluaron los progresos obtenidos mediante el cuestionario COCTS, el cual manifiesta un resultado positivo de mejora sobre el conocimiento de ciencia y sus procesos

Actividad física, ejercicio y deporte en la lucha contra la obesidad infantil y juvenil

El propósito del presente documento es proponer desde el grupo de expertos en ejercicio físico y salud de EXERNET (Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud) una serie de recomendaciones sobre la práctica de la actividad física y deportiva que a nivel individual, familiar e institucional ayuden a prevenir y tratar la obesidad infantil y juvenil, basadas en la evidencia científi ca actual

How Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Pandemic Affect the Depression Symptomatology in Mediterranean Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome?

Background and Aims. To control the COVID-19 spread, in March 2020, a forced home lockdown was established in Spain. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of mobility and social COVID-19-established restrictions on depressive symptomatology in older adults with metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that severe restrictions might have resulted in detrimental changes in depressive symptomatology. Methods. 2,312 PREDIMED-Plus study participants (men = 53:9%; mean age = 64:9±4:8 years) who completed a COVID-19 lockdown questionnaire to assess the severity of restrictions/lockdown and the validated Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) during the three established phases concerning the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain (prelockdown, lockdown, and postlockdown) were included in this longitudinal analysis. Participants were categorized according to high or low lockdown severity. Analyses of covariance were performed to assess changes in depressive symptomatology across lockdown phases. Results. No significant differences in participant depression symptomatology changes were observed between lockdown severity categories (low/high) at the studied phases. During the lockdown phase, participants showed a decrease in BDI-II score compared to the prelockdown phase (mean (95% CI), -0.48 (-0.24, -0.72), P < 0:001); a nonsignificantly larger decrease was observed in participants allocated in the low-lockdown category (low: -0.59 (-0.95, -0.23), high: -0.43 (-0.67, -0.19)). Similar decreases in depression symptomatology were found for the physical environment dimension. The post- and prelockdown phase BDI-II scores were roughly similar. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown was associated with a decrease in depressive symptomatology that returned to prelockdown levels after the lockdown. The degree of lockdown was not associated with depressive symptomatology. The potential preventive role of the physical environment and social interactions on mental disorders during forced home lockdown should be further studie

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Revisión sistemática del efecto de los folatos y otros nutrientes relacionados en la función cognitiva del adulto mayor Effect of folate and related nutrients on cognitive function in older people; systematic review

Antecedentes: El folato junto a otras vitaminas del complejo B cumplen importantes funciones en la modulación de la expresión génica y síntesis del ADN, siendo necesarios para la detoxificación de la homocisteína y la síntesis de neurotransmisores imprescindibles para el mantenimiento de la función cognitiva. Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia científica sobre beneficios y/o riesgos de los folatos y nutrientes relacionados en la función cognitiva del adulto mayor. Material y método: "Revisión sistemática en Medline, vía Pubmed", y en referencias de artículos seleccionados entre los años 2005-2011, considerando específicamente nivel de folatos séricos e intraeritrocitarios, ingesta de folatos y función cognitiva en el adulto mayor. Resultados: Se encontraron doce estudios transversales, seis estudios de cohorte, y seis estudios clínicos randomizados a doble ciego que cumplieron con los criterios pre-establecidos. Conclusión: Esta revisión no permite concluir que la suplementación de ácido fólico tenga un efecto positivo sobre la función cognitiva en el adulto mayor. Considerando que bajos niveles séricos de folatos podrían relacionarse con un mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo y que altos niveles asociados a un bajo nivel de vitamina B12 sérica favorecería un mayor deterioro, se sugiere como medida precautoria revisar los niveles establecidos para fortificar alimentos con ácido fólico para limitar riesgos y maximizar beneficios.Background: Folate and other B complex vitamins play important roles in the synthesis of DNA, gene expression, homocysteine detoxification and synthesis of neurotransmitters necessary for the maintenance of cognitive function. Aim: Systematic literature review of benefit and/ risks of folate and related nutrients in cognitive function in older adults. Material and methods: "Medline via Pubmed systematic review" of selected articles from years 2010 and May 2011 and references of the selected articles looking specifically at serum and erythrocyte folate levels, and folate intake and cognitive function in older adults. Results: Twelve cross-sectional studies, six cohort studies and six randomized double-blind clinical studies that met pre-established criteria were selected for analysis. Conclusions: This review doesn´t support a benefit from folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in the elderly. Whereas low folate serum levels may be related to increased risk of cognitive impairment and high levels associated with low levels of vitamin B12 can contribute a further deterioration, it is suggested as precautory measure to re-examine the present level of food fortification with folic acid to maximize benefits and limit potential risks

FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AND COLORRECTAL ADENOMA RECURRENCE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Antecedentes: Estudios observacionales muestran que los niveles de folatos podrían estar asociados con el desarrollo de adenomas y cáncer colorrectal, sugiriendo que la suplementación de ácido fólico podría tener un efecto preventivo. Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia científica proveniente de estudios clínicos randomizados con placebo y controlados que permitan conocer los efectos de la suplementación del ácido fólico sobre la recurrencia de adenomas colorrectales. Material y método: Revisión sistemática en Medline, vía Pubmed de estudios clínicos randomizados, con placebo y controlados a doble ciego y sus referencias, que evaluen específicamente el efecto de la suplementación de ácido sobre la recurrencia de adenomas colorrectales. Resultados: Siete estudios clínicos randomizados que cumplían los criterios de inclusión fueron seleccionados y evaluados. Conclusión: Los estudios seleccionados no permiten concluir que la suplementación de ácido fólico tenga un efecto beneficioso sobre la recurrencia de adenomas colorrectales. Se observa en algunos estudios diferencias de riesgo según tipo de folatos que sugieren revisar los criterios y niveles de suplementación en algunos subgrupos de población con mayores riesgos

Mediterranean diet and quality of life: Baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial

We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55±70 years) participating in the PREDIMED- Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energyrestricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone. Participants answered a 36-item questionnaire about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a 17-item questionnaire that assessed adherence to an MedDiet. We used ANCOVA and multivariableadjusted linear regression models to compare baseline adjusted means of the quality of life scales according to categories of adherence to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to the Med- Diet was independently associated with significantly better scores in the eight dimensions of HRQoL. Adjusted differences of > = 3 points between the highest and the lowest dietary adherence groups to the MedDiet were observed for vitality, emotional role, and mental health and of > = 2 points for the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study shows a positive association between adherence to a MedDiet and several dimensions of quality of life