New calix[4]arene-based amides - Their synthesis, conformation, complexation

New chiral calix[4]arene-based diol-diamides 1a, 1b, tetraamides 2a, 2b and 7 as well as achiral diamide 3 and tetraamides 4-6 were prepared. The conformation of 1 has been studied in solution by NMR and in solid state by X-ray crystallography. The pinched-cone conformation of the calix[4]arene skeleton in 1 was found to be stabilized by a circular array of hydrogen bonds formed by two phenolic O-H and two amidic N-H bonds at lower rim. Whereas no significant complexation of Na+ was observed in solution for diamides 1 and 3, tetraamides 2, 4, 5, and 6 give strong complexes with Na+ as confirmed by NMR titrations of 2 and 4. The influence of anions and the solvents used on complexation ability of 2 towards Na+ is negligible

Cross-cultural dataset for the evolution of religion and morality project

A considerable body of research cross-culturally examines the evolution of religious traditions, beliefs and behaviors. The bulk of this research, however, draws from coded qualitative ethnographies rather than from standardized methods specifically designed to measure religious beliefs and behaviors. Psychological data sets that examine religious thought and behavior in controlled conditions tend to be disproportionately sampled from student populations. Some cross-national databases employ standardized methods at the individual level, but are primarily focused on fully market integrated, state-level societies. The Evolution of Religion and Morality Project sought to generate a data set that systematically probed individual level measures sampling across a wider range of human populations. The set includes data from behavioral economic experiments and detailed surveys of demographics, religious beliefs and practices, material security, and intergroup perceptions. This paper describes the methods and variables, briefly introduces the sites and sampling techniques, notes inconsistencies across sites, and provides some basic reporting for the data set

Numerical simulation of non-stationary flows in water jet cutting

This work was supported by The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the Large Infrastructures for Research, Experimental Development and Innovations project IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center – LM2015070.The use of a high-speed water jet is one of the modern technologies for cutting and machining the material. High efficiency can be achieved by either by increasing the operating pressure or by using a non-stationary mode created by an ultrasonic generator. The use of ultra-high pressures in continuous mode induces extreme loading to high pressure parts of the cutting machine. The alternative approach using pulsating jets from an ultrasonic generator can increase the efficiency of the cutting without the need of such high water pressures. The impact of droplets of the pulsating jet generates much higher impact pressure than the stagnation pressure generated by the action of continuous jet. The efficiency of the cutting is further increased by cyclic loading of the target as well as by large shear stresses generated by the jet

The use of solution and isothermal calorimetry for monitoring of high performance concrete hydration

The heat of hydration evolution of three cement pastes having varying water to cement ratio and one cement paste with polycarboxylate superplasticizer have been studied by means of isothermal calorimetry during the first 7 days of the hydration process and by means of solution calorimetry for up to 120 days. The results of early heat of hydration values obtained by both methods are comparable. The heat evolution of cement paste (expressed in Joules per gram of portland cement) is increasing with increasing water to cement ratio. The superplasticizer is acting as retarder in first days of hydration, but after 7 days the influence of superplasticizer is negligible. The values obtained by solution and isothermal calorimetry for other samples containing silica fume as mineral admixture differ though. The results from isothermal calorimetry show an acceleration of the hydration process by the presence of the fine particles of silica fume

Mixing system for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions

The mixing equipment for highly concentrated fine-grained suspensions must be designed differently from the equipment in which a suspension with a low concentration of the solid phase or bigger particles is mixed. It is due to the different rheological properties of the suspensions. In this work we are trying to find a suitable mixing system for a highly concentrated fine-grained suspension. The aim was to determine an effect of particular geometrical parameters of the tested mixing systems on a suspension process, especially from the energetic viewpoint. The energetic costs of all the used mixing systems were compared on the basis of the power consumption which was necessary for reaching the state of sufficient suspension movement in the whole mixed bulk. As a result, it was confirmed that multistage impellers can be used even in standard vessels (with a liquid level height equal to a vessel diameter) with a profit. During experiments, the state of sufficient movement was determined by a visual observation of the suspension at the vessel bottom, at the wall and also at the suspension level

It Depends Who Is Watching You: 3-D Agent Cues Increase Fairness.

Laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that exposure to cues of intentional agents in the form of eyes can increase prosocial behavior. However, previous research mostly used 2-dimensional depictions as experimental stimuli. Thus far no study has examined the influence of the spatial properties of agency cues on this prosocial effect. To investigate the role of dimensionality of agency cues on fairness, 345 participants engaged in a decision-making task in a naturalistic setting. The experimental treatment included a 3-dimensional pseudo-realistic model of a human head and a 2-dimensional picture of the same object. The control stimuli consisted of a real plant and its 2-D image. Our results partly support the findings of previous studies that cues of intentional agents increase prosocial behavior. However, this effect was only found for the 3-D cues, suggesting that dimensionality is a critical variable in triggering these effects in a real-world settings. Our research sheds light on a hitherto unexplored aspect of the effects of environmental cues and their morphological properties on decision-making

Numerical simulation of flows in discharge objects with siphon

The work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague, grant No. SGS19/154/OHK2/3T/12 and by the Grant Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague, grant No. SGS19/154/OHK2/3T/12

The awe-prosociality relationship: Evidence for the role of context

People in a state of awe have been found to perceive their needs as small while also expressing intentions to act in a prosocial way, benefitting others at personal cost. However, these findings come largely out of the USA and have focused on intended rather than real prosocial behavior. We propose a contextual model of the awe-prosociality relationship predicated on the constructed theory of emotion, according to which emotion categories and cost–benefit analyses of possible subsequent actions differ across cultures and in line with enduring individual differences. To test the model, we conducted a laboratory study (N = 143) examining whether costly volunteering behavior is higher amid awe in the Czech Republic, a country where social psychological studies have often produced different results compared to the USA. Awe-inspiring and neutral primes were validated in pilot studies (N = 229). As is possible under the contextual model, awe-inspiring primes elicited not more, but less, prosocial behavior, with the relationship being moderated by various facets of Openness to Experience. Individuals higher in the Feelings facet of Openness were also found to be more awe-prone. A call is made for a cross-cultural investigation of the awe-behavior relationship that accounts for complex phylogenetic relationships between cultures.- Pilot study: emotion prime manipulation check and investigation of the relationship between Openness facets and awe-proneness (Hypothesis 2) -- Aims -- Method -- Results and discussion - Main study: the awe-behavior relationship and its moderators (Hypotheses 1 and 3) -- Aims -- Method -- Results and discussion - General discussio