Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: A 41-society study

With a 41-society sample of 9990 managers and professionals, we used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the impact of both macro-level and micro-level predictors on subordinate influence ethics. While we found that both macro-level and micro-level predictors contributed to the model definition, we also found global agreement for a subordinate influence ethics hierarchy. Thus our findings provide evidence that developing a global model of subordinate ethics is possible, and should be based upon multiple criteria and multilevel variables

Societal-level versus individual-level predictions of ethical behavior: a 48-society study of collectivism and individualism

Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level. Implicitly, our findings question the soundness of using societal-level values measures. Implications for international business research are discussed

Acceptability to patients, carers and clinicians of an mHealth platform for the management of Parkinson's disease (PD_Manager): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological condition causing multiple motor and non-motor symptoms that have a serious adverse effect on quality of life. Management is problematic due to the variable and fluctuating nature of symptoms, often hourly and daily. The PD_Manager mHealth platform aims to provide a continuous feed of data on symptoms to improve clinical understanding of the status of any individual patient and inform care planning. The objectives of this trial are to (1) assess patient (and family carer) perspectives of PD_Manager regarding comfort, acceptability and ease of use; (2) assess clinician views about the utility of the data generated by PD_Manager for clinical decision making and the acceptability of the system in clinical practice. METHODS/DESIGN: This trial is an unblinded, parallel, two-group, randomised controlled pilot study. A total of 200 persons with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage 3, experiencing motor fluctuations at least 2 h per day), with primary family carers, in three countries (110 Rome, 50 Venice, Italy; 20 each in Ioannina, Greece and Surrey, England) will be recruited. Following informed consent, baseline information will be gathered, including the following: age, gender, education, attitudes to technology (patient and carer); time since Parkinson's diagnosis, symptom status and comorbidities (patient only). Randomisation will assign participants (1:1 in each country), to PD_Manager vs control, stratifying by age (1 ≤ 70 : 1 > 70) and gender (60% M: 40% F). The PD_Manager system captures continuous data on motor symptoms, sleep, activity, speech quality and emotional state using wearable devices (wristband, insoles) and a smartphone (with apps) for storing and transmitting the information. Control group participants will be asked to keep a symptom diary covering the same elements as PD_Manager records. After a minimum of two weeks, each participant will attend a consultation with a specialist doctor for review of the data gathered (by either means), and changes to management will be initiated as indicated. Patients, carers and clinicians will be asked for feedback on the acceptability and utility of the data collection methods. The PD_Manager intervention, compared to a symptom diary, will be evaluated in a cost-consequences framework. DISCUSSION: Information gathered will inform further development of the PD_Manager system and a larger effectiveness trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN17396879 . Registered on 15 March 2017

Estruturas e dinâmicas de grupo.

A revisão efectuada não será de modo algum exaustiva nem esse era ou poderia ser o seu objectivo. A produção sobre o tema dos grupos e equipas tem crescido em ritmo geométrico e mesmo quando limitada a um quadro conceptual restrito é difícil uma leitura integrativa e muito menos conclusiva. Acresce que o estudo dos grupos tende a atrair a atenção de diversas disciplinas que pelas suas afinidades, convida à diluição das fronteiras. Temos para nós que uma marca do diálogo interdisciplinar reside na capacidade do discurso produzido poder ser reconhecido por diferentes olhares disciplinares sem invocar a legitimidade dos direitos de autor. Muitos temas teriam ficado por abordar em grande medida por constituírem objecto doutros capítulos. Não constituem os grupos o tema por excelência da psicologia social? Daí que este capitulo deva ser necessariamente articulado a temas como a influência social, identidade social, relações inter-grupos, cognição social, conflitos e negociação… Subsistem todavia temas, como será o caso da liderança, que optamos por não incluir dado o seu quase exclusivo desenvolvimento na literatura sobre gestão organizacional. Mas também aqui a opção é discutível, na medida em que as fronteiras tradicionais tendem a esbater-se, dando eventualmente lugar a novas delimitações disciplinares. Em termos de tendências futuras julgamos todavia ter assinalado, ainda que de passagem, a emergência dos novos laboratórios, abertos pelas simulações computacionais, o recurso aos sistemas não lineares, a análise multinivel, num contexto de complexidade que a nova ciência permite alargar ao estudo dos fenómenos sociais