A study on prevalence and co-morbidity of bipolar and anxiety disorders in chronic headache patients

Background: Co morbidity between headache and psychiatric disorders is more prevalent in chronic headache patients. The bipolar disorders and anxiety disorders are predominant in migraine and TTH respectively. This co morbidities have a poor reflection and impact on quality and outcome of chronic headache patients and results in worst prognosis and poor response to medical treatment.Methods: The chronic headache patients especially migraine and tension type of headache were analyzed with following materials such as the structured psychiatric clinical interview with ICD-10 mental and behavioural disorder, DSM-5 criteria. HAM-A, HAM-D, BDI-2, BPRS, young mania rating scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and panic disorder scale.Results: Various subsets of bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder were found as follows: 74% of migraineurs are associated with psychiatric disorders in which bipolar affective disorder 6%, depressive episode 48%, dysthymia 30%, GAD 10% and Panic disorder 6%. 52% of TTH are associated with psychiatric disorders as follows: major depressive episode 52%, GAD 30%, separation anxiety disorder 6%, PTSD 7%, OCD 3% and panic disorder 2%.Conclusions: From previous and future studies the headache can be identified according to subsets of headache with psychiatric disorders make easier to provide appropriate pharmacological and psychological treatment which may reduce the chronicity and intractability of headache

A question of hierarchy: matter effects with atmospheric neutrinos and anti-neutrinos

It is by now established that neutrinos mix, have (different) non-zero masses, and therefore oscillate. The oscillation parameters themselves, however, are not all well-known. An open problem is that of the neutrino mass hierarchy. We study the possibility of determining the neutrino mass hierarchy with atmospheric neutrinos using an iron calorimeter detector capable of charge identification such as the proposed MONOLITH and ICAL/INO detectors. We find that such detectors are sensitive to the sign of the mass-squared difference, \delta_{32} = m_3^2 - m_2^2, provided the as-yet unknown mixing angle between the first and third generations, \theta_{13}, is greater than 6 degrees (\sin^2 2\theta_{13} > 0.04). A result with a significance greater than 90% CL requires large exposures (more than 500 kton-years) as well as good energy and angular resolution of the detected muons (better than 15%), especially for small \theta_{13}. Hence obtaining definitive results with such a detector is difficult, unless \theta_{13} turns out to be large. In contrast, such detectors can establish a clear oscillation pattern in atmospheric neutrinos in about 150 kton-years, therefore determining the absolute value of \delta_{32} and \sin^2 2 \theta_{23} to within 10%.Comment: 36 pages revtex with 14 eps figures; new section on statistical significance when detector resolution is include

RECENT TRENDS IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS PACKAGING -A REVIEW

ABSTRACT The aim of any packaging system for fresh muscle foods is to prevent or delay undesirable changes to the appearance, flavour, odour, and texture. Deterioration in these qualities can result in economic losses due to consumer rejection of the product. Therefore, a preservative packaging should ideally inhibit undesirable enzyme activities, but not interfere with, or inhibit, activities that are beneficial. The non-enzymatic reactions that affect the organoleptic qualities of raw meats are invariably undesirable, so these should preferably be slowed or prevented by a preservative packaging

Phenomenology of single spin asymmetries in p(transv. polarized)-p -> pion + X

A phenomenological description of single transverse spin effects in hadron-hadron inclusive processes is proposed, assuming a generalized factorization scheme and pQCD hard interactions. The transverse momentum, k_T, of the quarks inside the hadrons and of the hadrons relatively to the fragmenting quark, is taken into account in distribution and fragmentation functions, and leads to possible non zero single spin asymmetries. The role of k_T and spin dependent quark fragmentations -- the so-called Collins effect -- is investigated in details in p(transv. polarized)-p -> pion + X processes: it is shown how the experimental data could be described, obtaining an explicit expression for the spin asymmetry of a polarized fragmenting quark, on which some comments are made. Predictions for other processes, possible further applications and experimental tests are discussed.Comment: 20+1 pages, LaTeX, 6 eps figures, uses epsfig.sty. Version v2: Some sentences rephrased and comments added throughout the paper; one reference added; no changes in results and figures. Final version to be published in Phys. Rev.

Energy Efficiency Enhancement of Fossil-Fuelled Power Systems

Energy efficiency is the simplest and cost-effective approach for power and process industries to meet a growing demand for cleaner energy, and this applies to the power generating industries as well. Energy efficiency of fossil-fuelled power systems in developed as well as developing countries is abnormally low, consuming high quantity of fuel to generate per unit electricity, which is a fundamental issue throughout the globe. Though energy efficiency improvements are possible at all sections of a power system, this paper put forward an energy efficiency enhancement opportunity at the power generation station itself by proper scheduling of the generating units. To show the efficacy of the proposed strategy, an economic dispatch algorithm has been applied to several dissimilar realistic systems at different load conditions and the outcome of one such realistic system is presented in this paper. Keywords: Energy efficiency enhancement; fossil-fuelled power systems; generation scheduling JEL Classifications: B4; C8; L8; O1; O

Nuclear Structure Functions at Small x from Inelastic Shadowing and Diffraction

Nuclear structure functions at small x and small or moderate $Q^2$ are studied using the relation with diffraction on nucleons which arises from Gribov's Reggeon Calculus. A reasonable description of experimental data is obtained with no fitted parameters. A comparison with other models and predictions for future lepton-ion colliders are provided. Consequences for the reduction of multiplicities in nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies of RHIC and LHC are examined.Comment: LaTeX, 32 pages, 14 eps figures included using epsfig; 1 reference update

Supersymmetric Origin of Neutrino Mass

Supersymmetry with breaking of R-parity provides an attractive way to generate neutrino masses and lepton mixing angles in accordance to present neutrino data. We review the main theoretical features of the bilinear R-parity breaking (BRpV) model, and stress that it is the simplest extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) which includes lepton number violation. We describe how it leads to a successful phenomenological model with hierarchical neutrino masses. In contrast to seesaw models, the BRpV model can be probed at future collider experiments, like the Large Hadron Collider or the Next Linear Collider, since the decay pattern of the lightest supersymmetric particle provides a direct connection with the lepton mixing angles determined by neutrino experiments.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, review for NJP focus issue on neutrino