The development of the European Regional Fund since 1972.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX78935 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Access to Federal Documents: An Information Age Approach.

Government documents are often underutilized primary source of information. However, with the widespread availability of computers in libraries and the virtual explosion of electronic products and information, there are now other choices to access government documents in libraries

An Hedonic Analysis of the Effects of Lake Water Clarity on New Hampshire Lakefront Properties

Policy makers often face the problem of evaluating how water quality affects a region's economic well-being. Using water clarity as a measure of the degree of eutrophication levels (as a lake becomes inundated with nutrients, water clarity decreases markedly), analysis is performed on sales data collected over a six-year period. Our results indicate that water clarity has a significant effect on prices paid for residential properties. Effects of a one-meter change in clarity on property value are also estimated for an average lake in four real estate market areas in New Hampshire, with effects differing substantially by area. Our findings provide state and local policy makers a measure of the cost of water quality degradation as measured by changes in water clarity, and demonstrate that protecting water quality may have a positive effect on property tax revenues.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Good Sleep Quality Improves the Relationship Between Pain and Depression Among Individuals With Chronic Pain

Individuals with chronic pain often experience co-existing sleep problems and depression-related states. Chronic pain, sleep problems, and depression interrelate, and have been shown to exacerbate one another, which negatively impacts quality of life. This study explored the relationships between pain severity, pain interference, sleep quality, and depression among individuals with chronic pain. Secondly, we tested whether sleep quality may moderate the relationship between pain and depression. A cross-sectional survey was completed by 1,059 adults with non-malignant chronic pain conditions (Mage 43 years, 88% identified as women) and collected measures related to pain severity, pain interference, sleep quality and depression. Multiple regression analyses found that pain severity, pain interference and sleep quality are all significantly associated with depression. Secondly, moderated regression analyses revealed that sleep quality moderates the relationship between pain interference and depression among individuals with chronic pain such that good sleep quality attenuates the effect of pain interference on depression, and poor sleep quality amplifies the effect of pain interference on depression. These findings suggest that sleep quality may be a relevant therapeutic target for individuals with chronic pain and co-existing depression

Acute impact of a national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing outcomes among individuals with chronic pain

Changes to wellbeing in a community- based sample of 638 adults with non-malignant chronic pain were assessed during a period of mandated lockdown measures in the UK to control the COVID-19 outbreak. Participants completed an online survey pre-lockdown and were followed up during lockdown. Multivariate analysis demonstrate that decreased ability to self-manage, restricted access to healthcare and increased dependence on others were associated with negative wellbeing outcomes related to sleep, anxiety and depression. Essential but nonurgent services are required during periods of lockdown to maintain independence and self-management in order to preserve wellbeing in this population

The Impact of Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Family Caregivers

Background: Cognitive impairment is a prominent feature of multiple sclerosis. However, the impact that cognitive symptoms have on daily life, and the effect this has on persons with multiple sclerosis and their relationship with spouses/partners, remains unclear. This qualitative study sought information on the nature of cognitive impairments experienced, and the impact of cognitive impairments on the daily lives of both adults with multiple sclerosis and their partners, to gain further insights into how healthcare professionals can best support families. / Methods: Fifteen persons with multiple sclerosis and their spouses/partners participated in separate telephone semi-structured interviews. / Results: Six themes were identified from the data, along with several subthemes. These were: the social impact of cognitive impairments in MS, changes to daily living, relationship quality, communication, ways of coping with MS, and the desire for help in managing MS. / Conclusions: Our results identified types of support that couples needed and wanted; ways that multiple sclerosis affects couples' social lives; that there are difficulties negotiating changes in roles due to cognitive challenges; that there are difficulties coping with the impact of cognitive challenges on daily living; that couples often have difficulty communicating about the impact of cognitive changes on daily living and related issues, which also contributes to relationship strain; and finally, that most participants felt that they did not understand enough about the cognitive symptoms of multiple sclerosis. We outline key areas to address these needs identified