Malaria reemergence in the Peruvian Amazon region.

Epidemic malaria has rapidly emerged in Loreto Department, in the Peruvian Amazon region. Peru reports the second highest number of malaria cases in South America (after Brazil), most from Loreto. From 1992 to 1997, malaria increased 50-fold in Loreto but only fourfold in Peru. Plasmodium falciparum infection, which has increased at a faster rate than P. vivax infection in the last 3 years, became the dominant Plasmodium infection in the highest transmission areas in the 1997 rainy season. The vector Anopheles darlingi has also increased during this epidemic in Loreto. Moreover, chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine drug-resistant P. falciparum strains have emerged, which require development of efficacious focal drug treatment schemes

Beta-Cyclodextrin: Eugenol Inclusion Complexes: Characterization and Antifungal Capacity

Eugenol (EUG) is the principal component of clove essential oil. It has demonstrated excellent antifungal properties against B. cinerea, one of the most important fungus in the fresh fruit decay. However, this substance is highly volatile, thermolabile and the direct contact with a food induce undesirable changes in the organoleptic properties. For this reason, the application of EUG represents a big challenger and its encapsulation through inclusion complexes formation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is presented as a solution. In this way, the aim of this work was to develop, characterize and assess the antifungal capacity of inclusion complexes β-CD:EUG. For this, co-precipitation was used as method of inclusion complexes synthesis. The quantity of entrapped EUG was determined by gaseous chromatography. The inclusion complexes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Moreover, the antifungal activity was probed in a headspace system. Results showed that the EUG entrapped quantity was of 68,5 mg/g inclusion complexes. Furthermore, the characteristic peaks of EUG did not appear in inclusion complexes TGA thermogram and FTIR spectrum which confirm the effective compound encapsulation. Finally, inclusion complexes inhibited the growing of A. cinerea at 53% and avoided the fungal sporulation. These findings suggest that the β- CD:EUG inclusion complexes are suitable to use in the storage and transportation of fresh fruits to prevent their deterioration. Keywords: Botrytis cinerea, fresh fruits, headspace. Resumen El eugenol (EUG) es el principal componente del aceite esencial de clavo de olor. Éste ha destacado por su efectivo control de Botrytis cinerea, uno de los hongos más importantes que provoca la pudrición de frutas frescas. Sin embargo, esta sustancia es altamente volátil, termolábil y provoca cambios desagradables en las propiedades organolépticas del alimento si está en contacto directo con el mismo, por lo que su aplicación presenta un gran desafío. Ante esto, se propone su encapsulación a través de la formación de complejos de inclusión con β-ciclodextrina (β-CD). En este sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue desarrollar, caracterizar y evaluar la capacidad antifúngica de complejos de inclusión β-CD:EUG. Éstos se sintetizaron mediante el método de co-precipitación, y la cantidad de EUG atrapada en la β-CD fue cuantificada por cromatografía de gases. Los complejos de inclusión se caracterizaron a través de análisis termogravimétrico (TGA) y espectroscospía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Además, su actividad antifúngica se evaluó en un sistema de espacio de cabeza. Los resultados mostraron que la cantidad de EUG atrapada fue de 68,5 mg/g de complejo de inclusión. Además, en su termograma TGA y espectro FTIR no se observaron los picos característicos del EUG, confirmando la efectiva encapsulación del compuesto. Finalmente, los complejos de inclusión inhibieron el 53% del crecimiento de B. cinerea y evitaron su esporulación. Estos resultados permiten sugerir el uso de complejos de inclusión β-CD:EUG en el almacenamiento y transporte de frutas frescas para prevenir su deterioro. Palabras clave: Botrytis cinerea, frutas frescas, espacio de cabeza

Pastagens em sistemas silvipastoris.

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Development of poly(lactic acid) films with propolis as a source of active compounds: biodegradability, physical, and functional properties

Active films (AFs) using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a polymeric matrix containing various propolis concentrations (5, 8.5, and 13%) as the active agent (AA) were developed using a casting method. The purpose was to determine the effects of the incorporation of AA on the physical properties of the films and to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the AFs decreased relative to the control (PLA without AA). Introducing the active substances from propolis into the PLA also affected its thermal properties (glass transition). Adding AAs to the polymer generated more opacity with a green-yellowish color compared to the control. In addition, AFs exhibited reduced water vapor permeability as the AA concentration increased. Biodegradation assay showed that the AFs degraded faster than the control. AFs exhibited antioxidant activity, which was measured as the ability to scavenge free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), due to the presence of bioactive compounds (phenolics). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and showed a reduction over 4-log cycles. Therefore, incorporation of propolis is a useful strategy for the development of active packaging with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, which increase the shelf life of food products. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47090.Direccion de Investigacion of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso [DI-037-362-14]University of Santiago de Chile [1555-Vridei O81771GL_CONT

The biological basis of smoltification in Atlantic salmon

Chile is the second-largest producer of Atlantic salmon in the world, and the Chilean salmon production accounts for 27% of the world’s production. One important step of the productive cycle in freshwater is the smoltification process that prepares the fish for the marine life stage. This review describes the biological basis of smoltification in Atlantic salmon, with particular attention on branchial osmoregulatory adaptations. We also discuss some of the infectious diseases and problems in smoltification (two of the main causes of losses in Chilean aquaculture) that could be related from a physiological point of view

Bases ecofisiológicas da assimilação de carbono e suas implicações na produção de forragem.

essa revisão busca enfatizar os aspectos ecofisiológicos da assimilação do carbono e mostrar como mudanças ambientais podem proporcionar diferentes respostas das plantas. Essas respostas são importantes, pois influenciam diretamente as estratégias de manejo das pastagens e o planejamento da oferta de alimento durante o ano.bitstream/item/117756/1/CNPASA-2014DOC7.pd

Relative water content in two grass cultivars in crop-livestock system in the State of Tocantins, Brazil.

In this presentation, we report the results of two grasses on Integrated Crop-Livestock System in the Tocantins Cerrado

Data protection risk modeling into business process analysis

We present a novel way to link business process model with data protection risk management. We use established body of knowledge regarding risk manager concepts and business process towards data protections. We try to contribute to the problems that today organizations should find a suitable data protection model that could be used in as a risk framework. The purpose of this document is to define a model to describe data protection in the context of risk. Our approach including the identification of the main concepts of data protection according to the scope of the with EU directive data protection regulation. We outline data protection model as a continuous way of protection valued organization information regarding personal identifiable information. Data protection encompass the preservation of personal data information from unauthorized access, use, modification, recording or destruction. Since this kind of service is offered in a continuous way, it is important to stablish a way to measure the effectiveness of awareness of data subject discloses regrading personal identifiable information.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estudio comparativo del postoperatorio con utilización de iodoformo

En un grupo de 100 pacientes concurrentes a la Cátedra de Cirugía "A" de la UNLP se practicaron exodoncias complicadas en molares y premolares a 50 pacientes se les incorporo yodoformo y al resto no. Luego de realizar la avulsión de las piezas se llego a la conclusión de que las complicaciones postoperatorias de tipo infecciosas eran nulas en los casos donde se administró yodoformo.Facultad de Odontologí

NLRC5 promotes transcription of BTN3A1-3 genes and Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated killing

BTN3A molecules-BTN3A1 in particular-emerged as important mediators of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by phosphoantigens. These metabolites can originate from infections, e.g. with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or by alterations in cellular metabolism. Despite the growing interest in the BTN3A genes and their high expression in immune cells and various cancers, little is known about their transcriptional regulation. Here we show that these genes are induced by NLRC5, a regulator of MHC class I gene transcription, through an atypical regulatory motif found in their promoters. Accordingly, a robust correlation between NLRC5 and BTN3A gene expression was found in healthy, in M. tuberculosis-infected donors' blood cells, and in primary tumors. Moreover, forcing NLRC5 expression promoted Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells in a BTN3A-dependent manner. Altogether, these findings indicate that NLRC5 regulates the expression of BTN3A genes and hence open opportunities to modulate antimicrobial and anticancer immunity