25 research outputs found
A cognitive perspective on equivalent effect: using eye tracking to measure equivalence in source text and target text cognitive effects on readers
Eye-tracking methods have long been used to explore cognitive processing in reading, but the recent burgeoning of such methods in the field of translation studies has focused almost entirely on the translation process or audiovisual translation, neglecting the effects of the translation product itself. This paper presents a proof-of-concept study using eye tracking to compare fixation data between native readers of a French literary source text and native readers of its English translation at specific, corresponding points in the texts. The preliminary data are consistent with previous findings on the relationship between the features of the fixated word and fixation durations. These findings are also consistent with stylistic analyses and indicate that this method can be used to compare the levels of cognitive effort between two readership groups in order to investigate whether their experience is similar â whether an âequivalent effectâ has been achieved â thus contributing to the ongoing discourse surrounding equivalence in translation studies
The effects of acute and chronic hypoxia on cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in different populations of three-spined stickleback
The response of individuals from three different populations of three-spined sticklebacks to acute and chronic periods of hypoxia (4.4 kPa DO, 2.2 mg l-1) were tested using measures of whole-body (WB) cortisol, glucose and lactate. Although there was no evidence of a neuroendocrine stress response to acute hypoxia, fish from the population least likely to experience hypoxia in their native habitat had the largest response to low oxygen, with significant evidence of anaerobic glycolysis after two hours of hypoxia. However, there was no measurable effect of a more prolonged period (seven days) of hypoxia on any of the fish in this study, suggesting that they acclimated to this low level of oxygen over time. Between-population differences in the analytes tested were observed in the control fish of the acute hypoxia trial, which had been in the laboratory for 16 days. However, these differences were not apparent among the control fish in the chronic exposure groups that had been held in the laboratory for 23 days suggesting that these site-specific trends in physiological status were acclimatory. Overall, the results of this study suggest that local environmental conditions may shape sticklebacksâ general physiological profile as well as influencing their response to hypoxia
Zur morphologischen Anpassung von Tracheenkiemen bei Larven der Limnephilini Kol. (Insecta, Trichoptera)
A comparison of the behavioural responses of parasitized and non-parasitized three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., to progressive hypoxia
The Relationship between Mental Toughness, Stress, and Burnout among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study with Swiss Vocational Students
Editing nominalisations in EnglishâGerman translation: when do editors intervene?
The work of editors and their influence on translated texts is an under-researched
phenomenon in translation studies. We usually attribute the language we encounter in
translated texts to translators, ignoring any intervention that another agent might have
made when producing the translation. This paper deals with editors' influence on
nominalisation in English to German translation. There is a conflict between language
users' preference in German for a nominal style and the demand by house styles to
avoid nominal formulations, based on journalistic presumptions of readers' aversion to
that style. Studying expressions that translators nominalised, I investigate when editors
intervene to change those expressions into verbal structures and when they decide to
retain the nominalisation. I use a corpus of manuscript and published translations of
business articles to differentiate translators' and editors' actions. Findings show that
editors systematically intervene in the text based on readability considerations. At
times the only change they make is turning noun into verb, especially when function
verb complexes or preposition-noun-constructions are involved, but often they
reformulate the entire sentence. While translators are shown to nominalise a lot more
than editors, there are some instances where editors nominalise constructions, again
along with significant changes to the sentence.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad under the project
âEvidentiality and epistemicity in texts of evaluative discourse genres. Contrastive analysis and
translationâ (ModevigTrad), under Grant number FFI2014-57313-P