Quantifying phase transformation during the manufacturing process of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel

The effect of ferrite to austenite transformation phenomenon on microstructure and annealing performance of AISI 430 (EN 1.4016) ferritic stainless steel 16%Cr-0.04%C and 17%Cr-0.02%C was studied by electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Hot-rolled and annealed specimens of each ferritic stainless steel were collected from manufacturing route, where different states were analysed. Chemical composition shift of AISI 430 is correlated to microstructural behaviour of each material, while annealing temperature impact over grain growth phenomena is discussed

Evolution of crystalline orientations in the production of ferritic stainless steel

Ferritic stainless steel EN 1.4016 is used in a wide range of applications, the most common ones related to sheet forming. Several problems in the post-processing of these steels relates to their texture and anisotropy. Therefore, it is necessary to know the mechanisms of texture formation in the subsequent stages of metal manufacturing processes. EBSD has been demonstrated as a successful characterisation technique for this purpose. It is known that during re-crystallisation of Fe-Cr steels, deviations from the desired.-fibre texture promote a decrease of deep drawability. Additionally, a-fibre damages formability. Subsequent cold rolling and annealing can enhance the deep drawing properties of the steel sheet. In this research, a standard sample and a modified one with optimised settings as regard to chemical composition and manufacturing process, to improve the formability properties, are characterised. To analyse the preferred orientation and the type of main fibre present in the material, ODF and Aztec Reclassify Phase, to calculate the content of martensite, were used

A population-based phenome-wide association study of cardiac and aortic structure and function

Differences in cardiac and aortic structure and function are associated with cardiovascular diseases and a wide range of other types of disease. Here we analyzed cardiovascular magnetic resonance images from a population-based study, the UK Biobank, using an automated machine-learning-based analysis pipeline. We report a comprehensive range of structural and functional phenotypes for the heart and aorta across 26,893 participants, and explore how these phenotypes vary according to sex, age and major cardiovascular risk factors. We extended this analysis with a phenome-wide association study, in which we tested for correlations of a wide range of non-imaging phenotypes of the participants with imaging phenotypes. We further explored the associations of imaging phenotypes with early-life factors, mental health and cognitive function using both observational analysis and Mendelian randomization. Our study illustrates how population-based cardiac and aortic imaging phenotypes can be used to better define cardiovascular disease risks as well as heart–brain health interactions, highlighting new opportunities for studying disease mechanisms and developing image-based biomarkers

Challanges in Steel Science & Technology

Ponencias de WorkShop Advanced Steels 2014. Challenges in Steel Science & Technology. Celebrado en la central del CSIC, c/Serrano, 17, del 18 y 10 de septiembre de 2014.Organizado por: CENIM-CSIC, ASCO Industries (Fr), ASM Spain Chapter (Es), CTM (Es).Advanced Steels 2014 Workshop was intended to be an open dialogue to discuss the potential and plausibility of new alloy and processing strategies that are currently being explored in the modern steel industry. In addition, fundamental investigation on advanced and complex steel structures will shed novel light on the applicability of theory, modeling and advanced techniques on the design of these kinds of materialsComunicaciones: 1.Ulrich Prahl, Phase field modeling of bainite. 2. María Jesus Santofimia, Q&P theory. 3.Vicky Yardley, Orientation relationships and morphology in fcc-bct martensitic transformations: phenomenological theory and EBSD investigations. 4.Elisabeth Gautier, Bainite/martensite transformation under stress. 5. Cem Tasan, Multi-scale characterization of ductile martensitic stainless steels. 6. Peter Hedström, On the three-dimensional microstructure of martensite in C steels. 7. David San Martín, Sub-micrometer austenite obtained by controlled heat treatments: microstructure and mechanical properties. 8. Roumen Petrov, Advanced EBSD characterization in AHS steels. 9. José A. Jiménez, Advanced X-ray diffraction study in modern steels. 10. Juan F. Almagro Bello, Advance characterization of high-strength stainless steels. 11. Isabel Gutiérrez, Effect of microstructure of the impact toughness of HSS. 12. Daniel Casellas, Fracture toughness of high strength steels sheets: an approach to understand formability and crack edge fracture in cold forming. 13. Eberhard Kerscher, The fatigue limit of high-strength bearing steels. 14. Ilchat Sabirov, Fatigue and fracture. 15. Iñaki García, Wear behavior of HSS in discontinuous sliding contact conditions. 16. John Hald, Creep resistant martensitic/bainitic steels. 17. Pedro Rivera, Hydrogen embrittlement in complex microstructures. 18. Lars-Erik Svensson, Welding of modern bainitic/martensitic steels. 19. Sybrand van der Zwaag, Alloy design based on thermodynamics, metallurgical principles and genetic algorithms. 20. Thomas Sourmail, Air cooled bainitic steel design through tailoring of the transformation kinetics. 21. Zuriñe Idoyaga Olano, Development of new steel grades with improved mechanical properties by the addition of nanoparticles. 22. Marion Bechtold, Novel concepts for improving formability in steels for the automotive industry. 23. José Arancón, Advanced rail steels. 24. Jan Post, Multi-stage forming in stainless steels. 25. María M. Aranda, Thermodynamics and kinetics of eutectoid transformation in a Fe-C-Mn alloy: constant pearlite vs divergent pearlite.N

Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events