26 research outputs found
Towards a collaborative research: A case study on linking science to farmers' perceptions and knowledge on Arabica coffee pests and diseases and its management
The scientific community has recognized the importance of integrating farmer's perceptions and knowledge (FPK) for the development of sustainable pest and disease management strategies. However, the knowledge gap between indigenous and scientific knowledge still contributes to misidentification of plant health constraints and poor adoption of management solutions. This is particularly the case in the context of smallholder farming in developing countries. In this paper, we present a case study on coffee production in Uganda, a sector depending mostly on smallholder farming facing a simultaneous and increasing number of socio-ecological pressures. The objectives of this study were (i) to examine and relate FPK on Arabica Coffee Pests and Diseases (CPaD) to altitude and the vegetation structure of the production systems; (ii) to contrast results with perceptions from experts and (iii) to compare results with field observations, in order to identify constraints for improving the information flow between scientists and farmers. Data were acquired by means of interviews and workshops. One hundred and fifty farmer households managing coffee either at sun exposure, under shade trees or inter-cropped with bananas and spread across an altitudinal gradient were selected. Field sampling of the two most important CPaD was conducted on a subset of 34 plots. The study revealed the following findings: (i) Perceptions on CPaD with respect to their distribution across altitudes and perceived impact are partially concordant among farmers, experts and field observations (ii) There are discrepancies among farmers and experts regarding management practices and the development of CPaD issues of the previous years. (iii) Field observations comparing CPaD in different altitudes and production systems indicate ambiguity of the role of shade trees. According to the locality-specific variability in CPaD pressure as well as in FPK, the importance of developing spatially variable and relevant CPaD control practices is proposed. (Résumé d'auteur
Cuestiones reglamentarias, ambientales y de inocuidad, relacionadas con la cría y el comercio internacional de insectos comestibles en África
Insect breeding or farming for food and feed is an emerging enterprise that can address the ever-growing demand for
protein and curb high unemployment rates in Africa and beyond. However, for the sector to prosper, its value chain
needs to be regulated to ensure sustainability and safety for consumers and the environment. Although a few African
countries, such as Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda, have promulgated standards on the use of insects as food and feed,
greater efforts are needed in other countries, and relevant policies governing the sector need to be formulated.
All over the globe, attention to the regulation of the edible insect sector is increasing, and more investment in the in-
dustry is foreseen. Safety issues such as identifying which species should be reared, substrate quality and traceability
imposed by importing countries will be critical for expansion of the sector. This paper analyses safety, regulatory and
environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa and provides case studies
and recommendations for sustainable use of insects for food and feed.La cría o producción de insectos con fines de alimentación humana o animal es una actividad incipiente que puede
ayudar a responder a la siempre creciente demanda de proteínas y a contener las elevadas tasas de desempleo de
África y otras regiones. Para que el sector prospere, no obstante, es preciso reglamentar su cadena de valor a fin
de asegurar su sostenibilidad y su inocuidad para el consumidor y el medio ambiente. Aunque unos pocos países
africanos, como Kenia, Uganda o Ruanda, tienen promulgadas normas sobre el uso de insectos para la alimentación
humana o la producción de piensos, aún hay que redoblar esfuerzos en otros países y formular políticas que ordenen
el sector.
En todo el planeta se presta hoy una atención sin precedentes a la regulación del sector de los insectos comestibles,
un sector que previsiblemente va a recibir cada vez más inversiones. Las cuestiones ligadas a la inocuidad, como la
identidad de los insectos que se van a producir, la calidad del substrato o la rastreabilidad impuesta por los países
importadores, serán fundamentales para el desarrollo del sector. Los autores analizan las cuestiones reglamentarias, ambientales y de inocuidad que se plantean en relación con la cría y el comercio internacional de insectos comesti-
bles en África, presentan ejemplos concretos y formulan recomendaciones para un uso sostenible de los insectos con
fines de alimentación humana o animal.Les élevages et les fermes d’insectes destinés à l’alimentation humaine et animale sont de nouvelles entreprises qui
pourraient répondre à la hausse continue de la demande en protéines tout en réduisant les taux élevés du chômage
en Afrique et ailleurs. Néanmoins, pour que ce secteur puisse prospérer, sa chaîne de création de valeur doit être
réglementée afin de garantir sa durabilité et son innocuité pour les consommateurs et l’environnement. Si un petit
nombre de pays africains dont le Kenya, l’Ouganda et le Rwanda ont élaboré des normes applicables à l’utilisation des
insectes pour l’alimentation humaine et animale, dans d’autres pays les efforts doivent se poursuivre et des politiques
appropriées doivent être mises en place pour régir ce secteur.
Partout dans le monde, la réglementation du secteur des insectes comestibles fait désormais l’objet d’une attention
considérable et des investissements accrus dans la filière sont attendus. Les questions de sécurité telles que l’identi-
fication des insectes à élever, la qualité du substrat et la traçabilité exigée par les pays importateurs seront cruciales
pour le développement du secteur. Les auteurs analysent les questions de sécurité et les enjeux réglementaires et
environnementaux liés à l’élevage et au commerce international d’insectes comestibles en Afrique et présentent des
études de cas et des recommandations pour une utilisation durable des insectes destinés à l’alimentation humaine
et animale.Denmark’s development cooperation DANIDA
through the project Healthynsect and the icipe core fund-
ing provided by the Swedish International Development
Cooperation Agency (SIDA); the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC); the Federal Ministry
for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ),
Germany; the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;
the South African National Research Foundation; and the
Government of the Republic of Kenya.https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/publications/scientific-and-technical-reviewhj2023Zoology and Entomolog
Nutritional Quality of Four Novel Porridge Products Blended with Edible Cricket (<i>Scapsipedus icipe</i>) Meal for Food
Currently, no data exist on the utilization of the newly described cricket species (Scapsipedus icipe) meal as additive in food products, though they have high protein (57%) with 88% total digestibility as well as a variety of essential amino acids. This article presents the first report on the effects of processing techniques and the inclusion of cricket meal (CM) on the nutrient and antinutrient properties of four porridge products compared to a popularly consumed commercial porridge flour (CPF). Porridge enriched with CM had significantly higher protein (2-folds), crude fat (3.4–4-folds), and energy (1.1–1.2-folds) levels than the CPF. Fermented cereal porridge fortified with CM had all three types of omega-3 fatty acids compared to the others. The vitamin content across the different porridge products varied considerably. Germinated cereal porridge with CM had significantly higher iron content (19.5 mg/100 g). Zinc levels ranged from 3.1–3.7 mg/100 g across the various treatments. Total flavonoid content varied significantly in the different porridge products. The phytic acid degradation in germinated and fermented porridge products with CM was 67% and 33%, respectively. Thus, the fortification of porridge products with cricket and indigenous vegetable grain powder could be considered an appropriate preventive approach against malnutrition and to reduce incidences in many low-and middle-income countries
Nutritional Quality of Four Novel Porridge Products Blended with Edible Cricket (Scapsipedus icipe) Meal for Food
Currently, no data exist on the utilization of the newly described cricket species (Scapsipedus icipe) meal as additive in food products, though they have high protein (57%) with 88% total digestibility as well as a variety of essential amino acids. This article presents the first report on the effects of processing techniques and the inclusion of cricket meal (CM) on the nutrient and antinutrient properties of four porridge products compared to a popularly consumed commercial porridge flour (CPF). Porridge enriched with CM had significantly higher protein (2-folds), crude fat (3.4–4-folds), and energy (1.1–1.2-folds) levels than the CPF. Fermented cereal porridge fortified with CM had all three types of omega-3 fatty acids compared to the others. The vitamin content across the different porridge products varied considerably. Germinated cereal porridge with CM had significantly higher iron content (19.5 mg/100 g). Zinc levels ranged from 3.1–3.7 mg/100 g across the various treatments. Total flavonoid content varied significantly in the different porridge products. The phytic acid degradation in germinated and fermented porridge products with CM was 67% and 33%, respectively. Thus, the fortification of porridge products with cricket and indigenous vegetable grain powder could be considered an appropriate preventive approach against malnutrition and to reduce incidences in many low-and middle-income countries