Justicia restaurativa y victimal

[ES] Junto con formas simples de restitución y compensación, se han detectado variantes de las primeras prácticas de justicia restaurativa en las antiguas civilizaciones de Israel, Sumeria, Babilonia y Roma y entre los pueblos aborígenes de Norteamérica y Oceanía. Por su parte, en el siglo XX, principalmente en respuesta a la ola criminal de los años 60 y 70, y buscando alternativas a los métodos tradicionales de tratamiento de los delitos de esa época, comenzaron a emerger programas experimentales que usaban los principios de justicia restaurativa a comienzos de los 70 en Canadá, Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Australia y Nueva Zelanda.[EU] Lehengoratzearen eta konpentsazioaren forma arruntekin batera, leheneratze-justiziaren lehenengo praktiken aldaerak antzeman dira antzinako zenbait zibilizaziotan, hala nola Israel, Sumeria, Babilonia eta Erroman eta Ipar Amerikako eta Ozeaniako herri aborigenetan. Bere aldetik, XX. mendean, nagusiki 60ko eta 70eko hamarkadetako krimen-boladari erantzuteko eta garai hartako delituak tratatzeko ohiko metodoen ordez beste batzuk bilatzeko, 70eko hamarkadaren hasieran, leheneratze-justiziaren oinarriak erabiltzen zituzten programa esperimentalak sortzen hasi ziren Kanadan, Estatu Batuetan, Ingalaterran, Australian eta Zeelanda Berrian.[FR] Des variantes des premières pratiques de la justice restaurative, avec des formules simples de restitution et compensation, ont été détectés dans les anciennes civilisations d’Israël, Sumer, Babylone et Rome et parmi les peuples aborigènes d’Amérique du Nord et d’Océanie. D’autre part, au XXème siècle, principalement en réponse à la vague de criminalité des années 60 et 70 et en cherchant des alternatives aux méthodes traditionnelles pour aborder la criminalité de cette époque, des programmes expérimentaux qui utilisent les principes de la justice réparatrice commencent à émerger dans le début des années 70 en Canada, Angleterre, États-Unis, Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande.[EN] Apart from simple forms of restitution and compensation, the ancient civilisations of Israel, Sumer, Babylon and Rome, as well as the native peoples of North America and Oceania, also had the very first forms of restorative justice. In the XX century, in response, mainly, to the criminal wave of the 60s and 70s, and in the quest for alternatives to the traditional methods of dealing with the crimes of that period, experimental programmes began to emerge at the beginning of the 70s in Canada, the United States, England, Australia and New Zealand.Vicerrectorado del Campus de Gipuzkoa de la UPV/EHU ; Eusko Jaurlaritza - Gobierno Vasco y Kutx

Technology Evaluation for Environmental Risk Mitigation Compendium

The Technology Evaluation for Environmental Risk Mitigation (TEERM) Principal Center and its predecessor organization the Acquisition Pollution Prevention Program (AP2) supported the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in identifying technology solutions to risks and costs to NASA programs driven by environmental regulations and requirements. TEERM researched the commercial and government marketplace to locate viable and available technologies that met NASAs needs. TEERM focused on addressing environmentally-driven risks of direct concern to NASA programs and facilities, including hazardous materials in NASA operations and materials that became obsolescent because of environmental regulations. TEERM projects aimed to reduce cost; ensure the health and safety of people, assets, and the environment; promote efficiency; and minimize duplication. Major TEERM and AP2 projects focused on waste minimization and hazardous waste treatment, recycling, corrosion prevention and control, solvent and ozone depleting substances substitution, and aqueous based cleaners. In 2017, NASA made the decision to terminate the TEERM Principal Center. This Compendium Report documents TEERM and AP2 project successes. The Compendium Report traces the evolution of TEERM based on evolving risks and requirements for NASA and its relationship to the Space Shuttle Program, the United States Department of Defense, the European Space Agency, and other public and private stakeholders. This Compendium Report also documents project details from Project Summaries and Joint Test Plans and describes project stakeholders and collaborative effort results

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Responding to Threats of Violence Weapon Ownership and the Willingness to Respond to Threats With Violence: The United States and Japan

Abstract: Using data collected i

A Culturally Nuanced Test of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s ‘‘General Theory’’: Dimensionality and Generalizability in Japan and the United States

The current research addresses two specific issues that direct attention to the relatively neglected topic of the cross-cultural applicability of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s ‘‘general theory’’ that has been developed in and tested primarily in the United States. With theoretical and empirical guidance from the literature on dimensionality of low self-control, we first predict that the six elements identified in the theory form a multidimensional latent construct in two diverse societies—Japan and the United States. Drawing on the literature concerning cultural variability in individualism, and inconsistent with self-control theory, the authors then expect that although low self-control leads to deviance in both societies, the causal relationship is stronger among Americans than among Japanese. Analysis of identical survey data collected simultaneously from college students in Japan and the United States provides somewhat mixed support for our expectations and the findings appear largely consistent with predictions by self-control theory.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

The Evolution of International Victimology and its Current Status in the World Today

Over the last seventy eight years, the creation of the victimology concepts, the growth of victims’ rights laws, the expansion of victim assistance programs, the deepening and spreading of victim focused education and training, and the sophistication of victimological research has created a dynamic synergy that has changed the way victims are treated in a large proportion of the nations, rallying around the principles of the UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. Victimology today is the product of dynamic cultural changes. The evolution of victimology is immersed in traditional roots, which involved beliefs, values, languages, laws, research, organizations, events, institutions, and, above all, pioneers, as the main influences that formed the early concepts of the victim, the new discipline of victimology, the dynamic movement of victims’ rights, and the innovative practices of victim assistance. All these parts matured into the victimology we have today. Victimology continues to be the sustaining resource for the full implementation of the all the victim related United Nations’ instruments, victims’ rights laws, and victim assistance programs. One day soon there will be an UN instrument that will address prevention, rights and remedies to restore all victims

Justicia restaurativa y victimal

[ES] Junto con formas simples de restitución y compensación, se han detectado variantes de las primeras prácticas de justicia restaurativa en las antiguas civilizaciones de Israel, Sumeria, Babilonia y Roma y entre los pueblos aborígenes de Norteamérica y Oceanía. Por su parte, en el siglo XX, principalmente en respuesta a la ola criminal de los años 60 y 70, y buscando alternativas a los métodos tradicionales de tratamiento de los delitos de esa época, comenzaron a emerger programas experimentales que usaban los principios de justicia restaurativa a comienzos de los 70 en Canadá, Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Australia y Nueva Zelanda.[EU] Lehengoratzearen eta konpentsazioaren forma arruntekin batera, leheneratze-justiziaren lehenengo praktiken aldaerak antzeman dira antzinako zenbait zibilizaziotan, hala nola Israel, Sumeria, Babilonia eta Erroman eta Ipar Amerikako eta Ozeaniako herri aborigenetan. Bere aldetik, XX. mendean, nagusiki 60ko eta 70eko hamarkadetako krimen-boladari erantzuteko eta garai hartako delituak tratatzeko ohiko metodoen ordez beste batzuk bilatzeko, 70eko hamarkadaren hasieran, leheneratze-justiziaren oinarriak erabiltzen zituzten programa esperimentalak sortzen hasi ziren Kanadan, Estatu Batuetan, Ingalaterran, Australian eta Zeelanda Berrian.[FR] Des variantes des premières pratiques de la justice restaurative, avec des formules simples de restitution et compensation, ont été détectés dans les anciennes civilisations d’Israël, Sumer, Babylone et Rome et parmi les peuples aborigènes d’Amérique du Nord et d’Océanie. D’autre part, au XXème siècle, principalement en réponse à la vague de criminalité des années 60 et 70 et en cherchant des alternatives aux méthodes traditionnelles pour aborder la criminalité de cette époque, des programmes expérimentaux qui utilisent les principes de la justice réparatrice commencent à émerger dans le début des années 70 en Canada, Angleterre, États-Unis, Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande.[EN] Apart from simple forms of restitution and compensation, the ancient civilisations of Israel, Sumer, Babylon and Rome, as well as the native peoples of North America and Oceania, also had the very first forms of restorative justice. In the XX century, in response, mainly, to the criminal wave of the 60s and 70s, and in the quest for alternatives to the traditional methods of dealing with the crimes of that period, experimental programmes began to emerge at the beginning of the 70s in Canada, the United States, England, Australia and New Zealand.Vicerrectorado del Campus de Gipuzkoa de la UPV/EHU ; Eusko Jaurlaritza - Gobierno Vasco y Kutx

Urban transport safety improvement based on centralized traffic control system, colombian case study

In a modern urban organization, mobility is an important issue for society. Traffic congestion of urban roads undermines mobility is a real problem in major cities This article shows the development and implementation of a centralized traffic control system in the city of Cali Valle (Colombia) applied to control traffic lights located to the east of the city (Simon Bolivar and Ciudad de Cali highways), allowing the central operators directly influence the traffic flow, know and display the status of the lights and generate statistics about the events of the online equipment. Particular real benefits of proposed new system of traffic lights are reflected in green times at each intersection allocated in accordance with the present traffic volumes on the road network at any time of day and in every sector of the city in particular, which of course increases the efficiency of each light installed at each intersection. As demonstrated in this article case study, the congestion scheme has been improved, and the project has opened up vast opportunities for innovative network management strategies for the optimization of network performance. Many of these strategies are developed to give a coordinated high-level control across different traffic control platforms based on real time traffic condition and performance on site