McDougal-Lasswell Policy Science: Death and Transfiguration

This article discusses the death and transfiguration of the legal paradigm referred to as McDougal-Lasswell Policy Science. This paradigm asserts those who make legal decisions should decide on articulated policy grounds rather than attempting to make decisions based merely on rules or principles. The theme centers on the paradox to which jurists have given different degrees of acceptance. In the United States domestic scene, it is virtually dead, and in the international law arena where it is transfigured, it is alive and well

Correlated patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation across an avian family

Comparative studies of closely related taxa can provide insights into the evolutionary forces that shape genome evolution and the prevalence of convergent molecular evolution. We investigated patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in stonechats (genus Saxicola), a widely distributed avian species complex with phenotypic variation in plumage, morphology, and migratory behavior, to ask whether similar genomic regions have become differentiated in independent, but closely related, taxa. We used whole-genome pooled sequencing of 262 individuals from 5 taxa and found that levels of genetic diversity and divergence are strongly correlated among different stonechat taxa. We then asked if these patterns remain correlated at deeper evolutionary scales and found that homologous genomic regions have become differentiated in stonechats and the closely related Ficedula flycatchers. Such correlation across a range of evolutionary divergence and among phylogenetically independent comparisons suggests that similar processes may be driving the differentiation of these independently evolving lineages, which in turn may be the result of intrinsic properties of particular genomic regions (e.g., areas of low recombination). Consequently, studies employing genome scans to search for areas important for reproductive isolation or adaptation should account for corresponding regions of differentiation, as these regions may not necessarily represent speciation islands or evidence of local adaptation

Photoluminescence In Spray-pyrolyzed CdTe

We report very intense photoluminescence in spray-pyrolyzed CdTe at 77 K. We also notice striking similarities in the luminescence spectra, decay, and temperature dependence between CdTe and other thin-film semiconductors, which we interpret in terms of recombination at defect sites in intergranular regions

Power Bus Isolation Using Power Islands in Printed Circuit Boards

Power islands are often employed in printed circuit board (PCB) designs to alleviate the problem of power bus noise coupling between circuits. Good isolation can be obtained over a wide frequency band due to the large series impedance provided by the gap between the power islands. However, power bus resonances may degrade the isolation at high frequencies. The amount of isolation also depends on the type of connection between power islands and the components on the board. This paper experimentally investigates the effectiveness of several power island structures up to 3.0 GH