Stationary structure of relativistic superfluid neutron stars

We describe recent progress in the numerical study of the structure of rapidly rotating superfluid neutron star models in full general relativity. The superfluid neutron star is described by a model of two interpenetrating and interacting fluids, one representing the superfluid neutrons and the second consisting of the remaining charged particles (protons, electrons, muons). We consider general stationary configurations where the two fluids can have different rotation rates around a common rotation axis. The previously discovered existence of configurations with one fluid in a prolate shape is confirmed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Conference proceedings for the 26th Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE 2002), Menorca, Spain, 22-24 Sept. 200

Störungen in der Kindheit und Adoleszenz

Das Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit folgenden Themen: Kindheit und Jugend; Oppositionelles Trotzverhalten und Störung des Sozialverhaltens (Erklärung und Behandlung der Störung); Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (Ursachen, Diagnose und Behandlung der ADH); Störungen der Ausscheidung (Enuresis und Enkopresis); Langzeitstörungen, die in der Kindheit beginnen, darin vor allem tief greifende Entwicklungsstörungen sowie geistige Behinderung; Entdeckung der Kindheit und Adoleszenz. (DIPF/Orig.

The First Documentation of a Lower Middle Pennsylvanian Upland Flora from the Eastern Margin of the Eastern Interior Basin (Illinois Basin)

The primary objective of this study is to reconstruct the paleofloristics of an unnamed shale of lower Middle Pennsylvanian age. The shale is periodically exposed in the highwall of the Ashboro Pit, Log Cabin Coal Company, Clay County, Indiana. This will be the first upland fossil flora to be described from the eastern margin of the Eastern Interior Basin (Illinois Basin). The gray shale containing the upland flora lies directly above the Upper Block Coal (SW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec. 17, T. 11N., R. 6W.) Two collections, collected on three different occasions were made available for analysis: Smithsonian Natural History Museum (1980, 1982) and Illinois State Museum (1978). The facies that contained this upland plant association could not be relocated. Numerous attempts were made between Fall 1989 through Spring 1991. It is believed that the facies was discontinuous and was not present in the exposed highwalls of the mine during the times examined. A complete historical literature review on this particular paleoflora was conducted, particularly those citations of Megalopteris and Lesleya. Comparisons of upland associations in other parts of the Illinois Basin, for example Rock Island County, Illinois, as well as similarities and differences among other Pennsylvanian paleofloras are discussed. Significant fossils identified from the Smithsonian and Illinois State Museum Ashboro collections are: Lepidostrobophyllum, Sigillaria, Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, Alethopteris lonchitica, A. serli, Aulacotheca, Eusphenopteris morrowensis, Lesleya cheimarosa, Megalopteris southwellii, Neuropteris heterophylla, Pecopteris serrulata, P. plumosa, Cardiocarpus, Cordaianthus, Cordaites principalis and Samaropsis. Within the two collections there exists specimens that have never been associated with an upland floral association. These specimens are: Alethopteris missouriensis, Neuropteris obliqua, Neuropteris ovata, Callipteris flabellifera var. moorei, Asterophyllites charaeformis, Sphenophyllum majus, Carpolithus, and Calamites. The environmental interpretations suggest the dark shale facies that contained the fossils represented a more organically rich, less oxygenated, low energy depositional environment. The light, fine grained shale is indicative of a high moving stream, less organically rich, more oxygenated. Preservation of the floral association did not appear to differ in respect to the different color or grain size. Upland floras were considered to be much more sensitive to environmental variations than swamp floras, therefore more likely to be the gene pool from which evolutionary advances were destined to occur

Exploring the Lexical Profile of Advanced L2 Writers: Longitudinal Data From The Russian Overseas Flagship Program

This study explores the lexical profile of essays written by 48 advanced learners of second language (L2) Russian who participated in the Russian Overseas Flagship, an intensive year-long study abroad program, designed to help students reach Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) Level 3 proficiency in all skills. Using the lexical frequency profile (LFP) and P–Lex as measures of vocabulary sophistication, the study found that over the 9 months of the program, students significantly increased their usage of words from the lowest frequency bands. This adds to the findings of Hacking and Tschirner (2017) that knowledge of lexical items at the 3,000–5,000 frequency levels predicts reading proficiency at the ACTFL Advanced High-Superior level in Russian. However, the increase of vocabulary sophistication was not clearly correlated with improvements in the students\u27 writing proficiency scores, as measured on the ILR scale. A qualitative analysis of the students\u27 low frequency vocabulary usage reveals their control of native Russian vocabulary and derivational morphology. The analyses reveal the effects of writing tasks on student vocabulary usage

3+1 Approach to the Long Wavelength Iteration Scheme

Large-scale inhomogeneities and anisotropies are modeled using the Long Wavelength Iteration Scheme. In this scheme solutions are obtained as expansions in spatial gradients, which are taken to be small. It is shown that the choice of foliation for spacetime can make the iteration scheme more effective in two respects: (i) the shift vector can be chosen so as to dilute the effect of anisotropy on the late-time value of the extrinsic curvature of the spacelike hypersurfaces of the foliation; and (ii) pure gauge solutions present in a similar calculation using the synchronous gauge vanish when the spacelike hypersurfaces have extrinsic curvature with constant trace. We furthermore verify the main conclusion of the synchronous gauge calculation which is large-scale inhomogeneity decays if the matter--considered to be that of a perfect-fluid with a barotropic equation of state--violates the strong-energy condition. Finally, we obtain the solution for the lapse function and discuss its late-time behaviour. It is found that the lapse function is well-behaved when the matter violates the strong energy condition.Comment: 21 pages, TeX file, already publishe

Processing Instruction and Russian: Further Evidence is IN

Author Posting. © American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Inc. 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Inc. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Foreign Language Annals, 44 (4): 646–673. http://dx.doi.org/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2011.01155.xIn response to Leaver, Rifkin, and Shekhtman (2004), Wong and VanPatten (2004) challenged instructors of Russian to present evidence for the claim that mechanical drills (Traditional Instruction) were necessary for second language learning, and to demonstrate empirically the claim that Processing Instruction would not be an effective intervention for Russian. The current study compares the effects of the two instructional models for teaching the distinction between directional and locational expressions in Russian. Processing Instruction is found to be more effective than traditional mechanical drills, because learners made significant improvement in interpreting as well as producing locational and destinational sentences, while the Traditional Instruction group improved most only on the production task. The study shows Processing Instruction's robustness for teaching complex form-meaning mappings in Russian

Performance comparison of point and spatial access methods

In the past few years a large number of multidimensional point access methods, also called multiattribute index structures, has been suggested, all of them claiming good performance. Since no performance comparison of these structures under arbitrary (strongly correlated nonuniform, short "ugly") data distributions and under various types of queries has been performed, database researchers and designers were hesitant to use any of these new point access methods. As shown in a recent paper, such point access methods are not only important in traditional database applications. In new applications such as CAD/CIM and geographic or environmental information systems, access methods for spatial objects are needed. As recently shown such access methods are based on point access methods in terms of functionality and performance. Our performance comparison naturally consists of two parts. In part I we w i l l compare multidimensional point access methods, whereas in part I I spatial access methods for rectangles will be compared. In part I we present a survey and classification of existing point access methods. Then we carefully select the following four methods for implementation and performance comparison under seven different data files (distributions) and various types of queries: the 2-level grid file, the BANG file, the hB-tree and a new scheme, called the BUDDY hash tree. We were surprised to see one method to be the clear winner which was the BUDDY hash tree. It exhibits an at least 20 % better average performance than its competitors and is robust under ugly data and queries. In part I I we compare spatial access methods for rectangles. After presenting a survey and classification of existing spatial access methods we carefully selected the following four methods for implementation and performance comparison under six different data files (distributions) and various types of queries: the R-tree, the BANG file, PLOP hashing and the BUDDY hash tree. The result presented two winners: the BANG file and the BUDDY hash tree. This comparison is a first step towards a standardized testbed or benchmark. We offer our data and query files to each designer of a new point or spatial access method such that he can run his implementation in our testbed

Uncertainties in field-line tracing in the magnetosphere. <br>Part I: the axisymmetric part of the internal geomagnetic field

International audienceThe technique of tracing along magnetic field lines is widely used in magnetospheric physics to provide a "magnetic frame of reference'' that facilitates both the planning of experiments and the interpretation of observations. The precision of any such magnetic frame of reference depends critically on the accurate representation of the various sources of magnetic field in the magnetosphere. In order to consider this important problem systematically, a study is initiated to estimate first the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing in the magnetosphere that arise solely from the published (standard) errors in the specification of the geomagnetic field of internal origin. Because of the complexity in computing these uncertainties for the complete geomagnetic field of internal origin, attention is focused in this preliminary paper on the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing that result from the standard errors in just the axisymmetric part of the internal geomagnetic field. An exact analytic equation exists for the magnetic field lines of an arbitrary linear combination of axisymmetric multipoles. This equation is used to derive numerical estimates of the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing that are due to the published standard errors in the axisymmetric spherical harmonic coefficients (i.e. gn0 ± ?gn0). Numerical results determined from the analytic equation are compared with computational results based on stepwise numerical integration along magnetic field lines. Excellent agreement is obtained between the analytical and computational methods in the axisymmetric case, which provides great confidence in the accuracy of the computer program used for stepwise numerical integration along magnetic field lines. This computer program is then used in the following paper to estimate the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing in the magnetosphere that arise from the published standard errors in the full set of spherical harmonic coefficients, which define the complete (non-axisymmetric) geomagnetic field of internal origin. Numerical estimates of the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing in the magnetosphere, calculated here for the axisymmetric part of the internal geomagnetic field, should be regarded as "first approximations'' in the sense that such estimates are only as accurate as the published standard errors in the set of axisymmetric spherical harmonic coefficients. However, all procedures developed in this preliminary paper can be applied to the derivation of more realistic estimates of the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing in the magnetosphere, following further progress in the determination of more accurate standard errors in the spherical harmonic coefficients