13 research outputs found
The South African society of psychiatrists (SASOP) and SASOP State Employed Special Interest Group (SESIG) position statements on psychiatric care in the public sector
Executive summary. National mental health policy: SASOP
extends its support for the process of formalising a national
mental health policy as well as for the principles and content
of the current draft policy. Psychiatry and mental health:
psychiatrists should play a central role, along with the other
mental health disciplines, in the strategic and operational
planning of mental health services at local, provincial and
national level. Infrastructure and human resources: it is essential
that the state takes up its responsibility to provide adequate
structures, systems and funds for the specified services and
facilities on national, provincial and facility level, as a matter
of urgency. Standard treatment guidelines (STGs) and essential
drug lists (EDLs): close collaboration and co-ordination should
occur between the processes of establishing SASOP and
national treatment guidelines, as well as the related decisions
on EDLs for different levels. HIV/AIDS in children: national HIV
programmes have to promote awareness of the neurocognitive
problems and psychiatric morbidity associated with HIV in
children. HIV/AIDS in adults: the need for routine screening of
all HIV-positive individuals for mental health and cognitive
impairments should also be emphasised as many adult patients
have a mental illness, either before or as a consequence of HIV
infection, constituting a âspecial needsâ group. Substance abuse
and addiction: the adequate diagnosis and management of
related substance abuse and addiction problems should fall
within the domain of the health sector and, in particular, that
of mental health and psychiatry. Community psychiatry and
referral levels: the rendering of ambulatory specialist psychiatric
services on a community-centred basis should be regarded
as a key strategy to make these services more accessible to
users closer to where they live. Recovery and re-integration: a
recovery framework such that personal recovery outcomes,
among others, become the universal goals by which we
measure service provision, should be adopted as soon as
possible. Culture, mental health and psychiatry: culture, religion
and spirituality should be considered in the current approach
to the local practice and training of specialist psychiatry, within
the professional and ethical scope of the discipline. Forensic
psychiatry: an important and significant field within the scope
of state-employed psychiatrists, with 3 recognised groups of
patients (persons referred for forensic psychiatric observation,
state patients, and mentally ill prisoners), each with specific
needs, problems and possible solutions. Security in psychiatric
hospitals and units: it is necessary to protect public sector
mental healthcare practitioners from assault and injury as a
result of performing their clinical duties by, among others,
ensuring that adequate security procedures are implemented,
appropriate for the level of care required, and that appointed
security staff members are appropriately trained and equipped.Dr Reddyâs Laboratorieshttp://www.sajp.org.za/index.php/sajpam2013ay201
Participatory rural appraisal approaches for public participation in EIA: lessons from South Africa
Public participation in environmental impact assessment (EIA) often falls short of the requirements of best practice in the move towards sustainable development, particularly for disadvantaged and marginalized communities. This paper explores the value of a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach for improved public participation in a sample of EIAâs for photovoltaic projects in South Africa. PRA was conducted post facto making use of selected PRA tools. Findings show that a great deal more information was obtained by the PRA approach, confirming the perceived weakness of traditional PP for vulnerable and disadvantaged communities. It is concluded that a PRA approach has considerable potential for improving meaningful public participation, which should improve EIA, build capacity in those communities, and enhance livelihoods and sustainable resource us
The South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) and SASOP State Employed Special Interest Group (SESIG) position statements on psychiatric care in the public sector
Geneeskunde en GesondheidswetenskappePsigiatriePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]
Testing reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in North American unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems
An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in six mudrock samples from United States unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems. Samples selected from the Marcellus, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Bakken and Woodford are representative of resource plays currently under exploitation in North America. All samples are from marine depositional environments, are thermally mature (T >445 °C) and have moderate to high organic matter content (2.9â11.6 wt% TOC). Their organic matter is dominated by solid bitumen, which contains intraparticle nano-porosity. Visual evaluation of organic nano-porosity (pore sizes 1.0 produced lowest R values, generally â€0.5% (absolute reflectance), similar to a prior ILS for similar samples. Other traditional approaches to outlier removal (outside mean ± 1.5*interquartile range and outside F10 to F90 percentile range) also produced similar R values. Standard deviation values < 0.15*(VR or BR) reduce R and should be a requirement of dispersed organic matter reflectance analysis. After outlier removal, R values were 0.1%â0.2% for peak oil thermal maturity, about 0.3% for wet gas/condensate maturity and 0.4%â0.5% for dry gas maturity. That is, these R values represent the uncertainty (in absolute reflectance) that users of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance data should assign to any one individual reported mean reflectance value from a similar thermal maturity mudrock sample. R values of this magnitude indicate a need for further standardization of reflectance measurement of dispersed organic matter. Furthermore, these R values quantify realistic interlaboratory measurement dispersion for a difficult but critically important analytical technique necessary for thermal maturity determination in the source-rock reservoirs of unconventional petroleum systems.This research was funded by the USGS Energy Resources Program
Testing reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in North American unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems
An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in six mudrock samples from United States unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems. Samples selected from the Marcellus, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Bakken and Woodford are representative of resource plays currently under exploitation in North America. All samples are from marine depositional environments, are thermally mature (T \u3e445 °C) and have moderate to high organic matter content (2.9â11.6 wt% TOC). Their organic matter is dominated by solid bitumen, which contains intraparticle nano-porosity. Visual evaluation of organic nano-porosity (pore sizes \u3c 100 nm) via SEM suggests that intraparticle organic nano-pores are most abundant in dry gas maturity samples and less abundant at lower wet gas/condensate and peak oil maturities. Samples were distributed to ILS participants in forty laboratories in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Australia; thirty-seven independent sets of results were received. Mean vitrinite reflectance (VR ) values from all ILS participants range from 0.90 to 1.83% whereas mean solid bitumen reflectance (BR ) values range from 0.85 to 2.04% (no outlying values excluded), confirming the thermally mature nature of all six samples. Using multiple statistical approaches to eliminate outlying values, we evaluated reproducibility limit R, the maximum difference between valid mean reflectance results obtained on the same sample by different operators in different laboratories using different instruments. Removal of outlying values where the individual signed multiple of standard deviation was \u3e1.0 produced lowest R values, generally â€0.5% (absolute reflectance), similar to a prior ILS for similar samples. Other traditional approaches to outlier removal (outside mean ± 1.5*interquartile range and outside F10 to F90 percentile range) also produced similar R values. Standard deviation values \u3c 0.15*(VR or BR ) reduce R and should be a requirement of dispersed organic matter reflectance analysis. After outlier removal, R values were 0.1%â0.2% for peak oil thermal maturity, about 0.3% for wet gas/condensate maturity and 0.4%â0.5% for dry gas maturity. That is, these R values represent the uncertainty (in absolute reflectance) that users of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance data should assign to any one individual reported mean reflectance value from a similar thermal maturity mudrock sample. R values of this magnitude indicate a need for further standardization of reflectance measurement of dispersed organic matter. Furthermore, these R values quantify realistic interlaboratory measurement dispersion for a difficult but critically important analytical technique necessary for thermal maturity determination in the source-rock reservoirs of unconventional petroleum systems. max o o o