Más allá de las ideas previas como dificultades de aprendizaje: las pautas de pensamiento, las concepciones epistemológicas y las estrategias metacognitivas de los alumnos de ciencias

In this article we try to go beyond students misconceptions as the only explanation for difficulties in the learning of sciences. We review the main components of a kind of «cognitive conspiration» against the work of science teachers: the preconceptions of students, their patterns of thinking and reasoning, their epistemological beliefs and their metacognitive strategies. Usually, research in science education has focused on the two first elements, although, in recent years, researchers have started to focus on the two last factors that are main obstacles for science learning and are responsible for the failure of many new approaches in science teaching

Gluon Fusion induced Zg and Zgg Productions in the Standard Model at the LHC

We report calculations of the gluon induced Zg and Zgg productions in the Standard Model at the LHC operating at both 7 TeV and 14 TeV collision energy. We present total cross sections and differential distributions of the processes and compare them with the leading and next-to-leading order QCD pp -> Z+1 jet, Z+2 jets results. Our results show that the gluon induced Zg and Zgg productions contribute to pp -> Z+1 jet, Z+2 jets at 1% level.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Gluon fusion into Higgs pairs at NLO QCD and the top mass scheme

We present the calculation of the full next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion at the LHC, including the exact top-mass dependence in the two-loop virtual and one-loop real corrections. This is the first independent cross-check of the NLO QCD corrections presented in the literature before. Our calculation relies on numerical integrations of Feynman integrals, stabilised with integration-by-parts and a Richardson extrapolation to the narrow width approximation. We present results for the total cross section as well as for the invariant Higgs-pair-mass distribution at the LHC, including for the first time a study of the uncertainty due to the scheme and scale choice for the top mass in the loops

Full NLO QCD predictions for Higgs-pair production in the 2-Higgs-doublet model

After the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the study of its properties still leaves room for an extended Higgs sector with more than one Higgs boson. 2-Higgs doublet models (2HDMs) are well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with five physical Higgs bosons: two CP-even states h and H, one CP-odd state A, and two charged states $H^{\pm}$. In this letter, we present the calculation of the full next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to hH and AA production at the LHC in the 2HDM at small values of the ratio of the vacuum expectation values, $tan\space\beta$, including the exact top-mass dependence everywhere in the calculation. Using techniques applied in the NLO QCD SM Higgs pair production calculation, we present results for the total cross section as well as for the Higgs-pair-mass distribution at the LHC. We also provide the top-quark scale and scheme uncertainties which are found to be sizeable

Full NLO QCD corrections to Higgs-pair production in the Standard Model and beyond

Higgs-pair production is one of the targets of the high-luminosity LHC and of future hadron colliders, as it allows for a direct probe of the trilinear Higgs coupling and hence of the mechanism behind electroweak symmetry breaking. This contribution focuses on the impact of the full next- to-leading order QCD corrections to Higgs-pair production via gluon fusion, the main production mechanism at hadron colliders, in the Standard Model and in Two-Higgs-Doublet models. The uncertainties due to the top-mass scale-and-scheme choice will be discussed

NLO QCD corrections to Higgs boson pair production

In this contribution the next-to-leading (NLO) QCD corrections to Higgs boson pair production are discussed. A brief sketch of the calculation is given. The differential cross section as a function of the invariant Higgs pair mass and the total hadronic cross section are presented. Furthermore, the uncertainties not only from the renormalisation and factorisation scales but also the uncertainties due to the scheme-and-scale choice of the top mass are shown. In addition, the effects of varying the Higgs self-coupling strength on the cross section are investigated

Against the Tide. A Critical Review by Scientists of How Physics and Astronomy Get Done

Nobody should have a monopoly of the truth in this universe. The censorship and suppression of challenging ideas against the tide of mainstream research, the blacklisting of scientists, for instance, is neither the best way to do and filter science, nor to promote progress in the human knowledge. The removal of good and novel ideas from the scientific stage is very detrimental to the pursuit of the truth. There are instances in which a mere unqualified belief can occasionally be converted into a generally accepted scientific theory through the screening action of refereed literature and meetings planned by the scientific organizing committees and through the distribution of funds controlled by "club opinions". It leads to unitary paradigms and unitary thinking not necessarily associated to the unique truth. This is the topic of this book: to critically analyze the problems of the official (and sometimes illicit) mechanisms under which current science (physics and astronomy in particular) is being administered and filtered today, along with the onerous consequences these mechanisms have on all of us.\ud \ud The authors, all of them professional researchers, reveal a pessimistic view of the miseries of the actual system, while a glimmer of hope remains in the "leitmotiv" claim towards the freedom in doing research and attaining an acceptable level of ethics in science