637 research outputs found
Investigation of superconducting interactions and amorphous semiconductors
Research papers on superconducting interactions and properties and on amorphous materials are presented. The search for new superconductors with improved properties was largely concentrated on the study of properties of thin films. An experimental investigation of interaction mechanisms revealed no new superconductivity mechanism. The properties of high transition temperature, type 2 materials prepared in thin film form were studied. A pulsed field solenoid capable of providing fields in excess of 300 k0e was developed. Preliminary X-ray measurements were made of V3Si to determine the behavior of cell constant deformation versus pressure up to 98 kilobars. The electrical properties of amorphous semiconducting materials and bulk and thin film devices, and of amorphous magnetic materials were investigated for developing radiation hard, inexpensive switches and memory elements
Kondo decoherence: finding the right spin model for iron impurities in gold and silver
We exploit the decoherence of electrons due to magnetic impurities, studied
via weak localization, to resolve a longstanding question concerning the
classic Kondo systems of Fe impurities in the noble metals gold and silver:
which Kondo-type model yields a realistic description of the relevant multiple
bands, spin and orbital degrees of freedom? Previous studies suggest a fully
screened spin Kondo model, but the value of remained ambiguous. We
perform density functional theory calculations that suggest . We also
compare previous and new measurements of both the resistivity and decoherence
rate in quasi 1-dimensional wires to numerical renormalization group
predictions for and 3/2, finding excellent agreement for .Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, shortened for PR
Dynamics of ripple formation on silicon surfaces by ultrashort laser pulses in sub-ablation conditions
An investigation of ultrashort pulsed laser induced surface modification due
to conditions that result in a superheated melted liquid layer and material
evaporation are considered. To describe the surface modification occurring
after cooling and resolidification of the melted layer and understand the
underlying physical fundamental mechanisms, a unified model is presented to
account for crater and subwavelength ripple formation based on a synergy of
electron excitation and capillary waves solidification. The proposed
theoretical framework aims to address the laser-material interaction in
sub-ablation conditions and thus minimal mass removal in combination with a
hydrodynamics-based scenario of the crater creation and ripple formation
following surface irradiation with single and multiple pulses, respectively.
The development of the periodic structures is attributed to the interference of
the incident wave with a surface plasmon wave. Details of the surface
morphology attained are elaborated as a function of the imposed conditions and
results are tested against experimental data
Optical interconnect with densely integrated plasmonic modulator and germanium photodetector arrays
We demonstrate the first chip-to-chip interconnect utilizing a densely integrated plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator array operating at 3 x 10 Gbit/s. A multicore fiber provides a compact optical interface, while the receiver consists of germanium photodetectors
Evaporation of a packet of quantized vorticity
A recent experiment has confirmed the existence of quantized turbulence in
superfluid He3-B and suggested that turbulence is inhomogenous and spreads away
from the region around the vibrating wire where it is created. To interpret the
experiment we study numerically the diffusion of a packet of quantized vortex
lines which is initially confined inside a small region of space. We find that
reconnections fragment the packet into a gas of small vortex loops which fly
away. We determine the time scale of the process and find that it is in order
of magnitude agreement with the experiment.Comment: figure 1a,b,c and d, figure2, figure
Zurek-Kibble domain structures: The Dynamics of Spontaneous Vortex formation in Annular Josephson Tunnel Junctions
Phase transitions executed in a finite time show a domain structure with
defects, that has been argued by Zurek and Kibble to depend in a characteristic
way on the quench rate. In this letter we present an experiment to measure the
Zurek-Kibble scaling exponent sigma. Using symmetric and long Josephson Tunnel
Junctions, for which the predicted index is sigma = 0.25, we find sigma = 0.27
+/- 0.05. Further, there is agreement with the ZK prediction for the overall
normalisation.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Carbon allocation to root exudates is maintained in mature temperate tree species under drought
- Carbon (C) exuded via roots is proposed to increase under drought and facilitate important ecosystem functions. However, it is unknown how exudate quantities relate to the total C budget of a drought-stressed tree, that is, how much of net-C assimilation is allocated to exudation at the tree level.
- We calculated the proportion of daily C assimilation allocated to root exudation during early summer by collecting root exudates from mature Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies exposed to experimental drought, and combining above- and belowground C fluxes with leaf, stem and fine-root surface area.
- Exudation from individual roots increased exponentially with decreasing soil moisture, with the highest increase at the wilting point. Despite c. 50% reduced C assimilation under drought, exudation from fine-root systems was maintained and trees exuded 1.0% (F. sylvatica) to 2.5% (P. abies) of net C into the rhizosphere, increasing the proportion of C allocation to exudates two- to three-fold. Water-limited P. abies released two-thirds of its exudate C into the surface soil, whereas in droughted F. sylvatica it was only one-third.
- Across the entire root system, droughted trees maintained exudation similar to controls, suggesting drought-imposed belowground C investment, which could be beneficial for ecosystem resilience
Paleotsunami evidence in the BahĂa Inglesa coast (Atacama, Chile) based on a multi-approach analysis
The Atacama coast is located in an area with a current high risk of tsunami, and the sedimentary deposits found in the BahĂa Inglesa area, in the Morro sector, clearly indicate that this was also the case in the past. This investigation analyzes a paleotsunami sedimentary deposit consisting of a block field associated with three sand lobes oriented towards land on top of a marine terrace at an altitude of 70–75 m, which originated from a tsunamigenic event occurred between interglacial periods MIS 7 (ca. 210 ± 10 ky) and MIS5e (ca. 125 ± 5 ky). The deposits have been studied using a multiple approach combining geomorphological, sedimentological, biological, and geochemical criteria. The first type of criteria clearly indicate that the energy required to move the blocks and form the sand lobes could only have been generated by a tsunami. Sedimentological criteria constitute direct evidences of a marine origin due to the presence of siliceous remains from diatom species and spicules from strictly marine sponges, while geochemical criteria, such as the stable isotope signature and chemical composition, constitute evidence of a marine intrusion. © 2022, The Author(s)
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