Stability analysis of higher-order delta-sigma modulators for sinusoidal inputs

The aim of this paper is to determine the stability of higher-order Δ-Σ modulators for sinusoidal inputs. The nonlinear gains for the single bit quantizer for a dual sinusoidal input have been derived and the maximum stable input limits for a fifth-order Chebyshev Type II based Δ-Σ modulators are established. These results are useful for optimising the design of higher-order Δ-Σ modulators

What do people value when they provide unpaid care for an older person? A meta-ethnography with interview follow-up

Government policies to shift care into the community and demographic changes mean that unpaid (informal) carers will increasingly be relied on to deliver care, particularly to older people. As a result, careful consideration needs to be given to informal care in economic evaluations. Current methods for economic evaluations may neglect important aspects of informal care. This paper reports the development of a simple measure of the caring experience for use in economic evaluations. A meta-ethnography was used to reduce qualitative research to six conceptual attributes of caring. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were then conducted with carers of older people, to check the attributes and develop them into the measure. Six attributes of the caring experience comprise the final measure: getting on, organisational assistance, social support, activities, control, and fulfilment. The final measure (the Carer Experience Scale) focuses on the process of providing care, rather than health outcomes from caring. Arguably this provides a more direct assessment of carers' welfare. Following work to test and scale the measure, it may offer a promising way of incorporating the impact on carers in economic evaluations. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

New records of Naidid worms (Oligochaeta: Naididae) in Euphrates River

Naidid worms were sorted from 27 samples of aquatic macrophyta including ceratophyllum demersum , Potamogeton crispus and, Hydrilla verticellat with associated filamentous algae were collected from Euphrates River at Al-Mussayab city, 60 Km southwest Baghdad. The result of sorted worms revealed the presence of eight species of subfamily Naidinae, which are consider as new records for Iraq, including Stephensoniana trivandrana; Paranais frici, Ophidonais serpentine, Specaria josinae, Dero (Dero) evelinae , Dero (Aulophorus) indicus , Nais pseudobtusa and finally N. stolci. This investigation includes morphological descriptions for each species illustrated by identification criteria photos

The need to “carer proof” healthcare decisions

yesPopulation ageing and fiscal austerity are set to increase the reliance on family carers, who already provide much of the support for people with long term health conditions. Although most carers are willing, providing care can be hugely stressful, affecting mental and physical health1 and resulting in social isolation and financial hardship.2 When under strain, carers are less likely to be effective, increasing the risk that the care recipient is admitted to hospital or a care home.3 Health systems could reduce strain on family carers by routinely considering carers’ needs alongside patients’ needs in everyday healthcare decisions—a concept we term “carer proofing”.non

Childhood accidental poisoning in western Iraq: Pattern and risk factors

No Abstrac

Optimization of Cutting Condition for Turning Operation Based On the Taguchi Method

البحث الحالي هو محاولة لنمذجة ظروف القطع في عملية الخراطة باستخدام طريقة تاكوشي وتصميم التجارب. المخرجات (الاستجابة) كانت فقط خشونة السطح. استخدم الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ AISI 316 SS كمادة مشغلة واختيرت سرعة القطع، معدل التغذية، عمق القطع ونصف قطر رأس العدة كظروف للقطع. استخدمت المصفوفة العمودية القياسية L18 لتصميم التجارب. حللت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها باسخدام البرنامج Minitab16. نفذ تحليل التباين ANOVA لايجاد العوامل المؤثرة على خشونة السطح. حسبت القيم المستحصلة كاستجابة باستخدام صيغ رياضية وتم تاكيدها بواسطة اختبار التاكيد. من النتائج العملية نلاحظ ان معدل التغذية له التاثير الاكبر على قيم الخشونة متبوعا بسرعة القطع ونصف قطر رأس العدة وعمق القطع.Present dissertation work has attempted to optimize the various significant cutting conditions for turning process by Taguchi method and design of experiments. The response variable is surface roughness (Ra). The stainless steel AISI 316 SS has been used as a workpiece material. The various cutting conditions selected for the study were cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius. A standard L18 orthogonal array was selected for design of experiments. The results obtained from the experimental runs were analyzed using Minitab16 software. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was done to find the most contributing cutting conditions affecting the Ra. The corresponding values of the response parameter were also calculated using mathematical formulae and confirmed by performing validation experimentation. From the present experimental study, it is observed that Ra in turning process is mainly affected by all input parameters. Feed rate was the most significant factor affecting the Ra followed by cutting speed, nose radius and depth of cut

Regional Boundary Gradient Strategic Sensors Characterizations

The purpose of this paper is to characterize regional boundary gradient strategic sensors notions for different cases of regional boundary gradient observation to be achieved. Then, the characterizations based on how to a cross from internal gradient region to the boundary gradient region. Thus, the obtained results are applied in two dimensional linear infinite distributed systems in Hilbert space where the dynamics are governed by strongly continuous semi-group. Moreover, we give the relation between the regional gradient observability on a subregion  of the spatial domain  with the regional boundary gradient observability on a subregion  of the boundary  of . Finally, sufficient conditions of regional boundary gradient strategic sensors notions are explored, analyzed and discussed in connection with the regional boundary gradient of exact (weak) observability, positive definite observability operator and rank conditions

REGIONAL GRADIENT STRATEGIC SENSORS CHARACTERIZATIONS

In the present paper, the characterizations of regional gradient strategic sensors notions have been given for different cases of regional gradient observability. The results obtained are applied to two dimensional linear infinite distributed system in Hilbert space where the dynamic is governed by strongly continuous semi-group. Various cases of regional strategic sensors are considered and analyzed in connection with regional gradient strategic sensors concepts. Also, we show that there is a various sensors which are not gradient strategic in usual sense for the considered systems, but may be regionally gradient strategic of this system