En vellykket onboardingsprosess for Generasjon Z

Hensikten med denne masteroppgaven har vært å utarbeide en vellykket onboardingsprosess for Generasjon Z (1996-2010). Samtidig som babyboomerne (1945-1964) nærmere seg pensjonistalder, står arbeidsmarkedet ovenfor et behov for å erstatte denne arbeidskraften. Arbeidsmarkedet er preget av høy turnover, hvor den yngre arbeidsstyrken har en tendens til hyppig jobbskifte, noe som fører til et økt behov for organisasjoner å fokusere på å beholde sine nyansatte. For at organisasjoner skal lykkes med å tiltrekke seg og beholde denne generasjonen av arbeidstakere, er det avgjørende for organisasjoner å skape effektive onboardingsprosesser. En utilfredsstillende onboardingsprosess er ofte en viktig årsak til at den nyansatte velger å avslutte arbeidsforholdet kort tid etter ansettelsen. For arbeidsgivere er det nødvendig med innsikt i Generasjon Z sine unike egenskaper, forventninger og preferanser knyttet til jobbstart og integrering i arbeidsmiljøet, slik at arbeidsgivere kan utarbeide og gjennomføre vellykkede onboardingsprosesser spesielt rettet mot Generasjon Z. På bakgrunn av dette har følgende problemstilling blitt formulert: “Det savnes kunnskap om hvordan en vellykket onboardingsprosess ser ut for Generasjon Z, med slik kunnskap kan arbeidsgivere tilpasse onboardingsprosessen for å integrere Generasjon Z inn på arbeidsplassen”. For å besvare denne problemstillingen ble det benyttet en kvalitativ tilnærming gjennom semistrukturerte intervjuer med ti respondenter fra Generasjon Z og med to ledere. Denne tilnærmingen ble brukt for å få en dypere forståelse av hva som kreves for å oppnå en vellykket onboardingsprosess for Generasjon Z. Dette ga meg verdifull innsikt i respondentenes erfaringer, refleksjoner og tanker knyttet til deres integrering som nyansatt og deres ønsker til arbeidslivet. Fra lederne ble det innhentet verdifull innsikt i deres erfaringer knyttet til Generasjon Z i arbeidslivet. De personene jeg innhentet informasjon fra blir i oppgaven omtalt som respondenter. Basert på studiens funn og analysen av dataene, fremkommer det sterke indikasjoner for behovet av en tilpasset onboardingsprosess for å imøtekomme Generasjon Z sine spesifikke preferanser og behov. Generasjon Z skiller seg ut fra tidligere generasjoner og har tilsynelatende andre behov og preferanser til arbeidslivet. Funnene viser blant annet at denne generasjonen har et større behov for informasjonsflyt, en tilpasset opplæring og fleksibilitet i arbeidslivet. Det er derfor nødvendig å tilpasse onboardingsprosessen for å sikre en vellykket integrering av Generasjon Z. For organisasjoner som vil få det beste ut av Generasjon Z og beholde de over tid, kan det derfor være fordelaktig å tilpasse onboardingsprosessen i tråd med funnene. Noe som for arbeidsgivere kan bidra til å øke de nyansattes engasjement og motivasjon, minske turnover og oppnå en effektiv integrering

Twitter as a communication tool for executives

This is a study on the use of Twitter by previous CEO of HP Norway, Anita Krohn Traaseth, and previous head of HR, Yvonne Fosser. The research question asks whether their use of Twitter has had an effect on their company, their employees and themselves, during the period of Fall 2012 to Fall 2014. I have conducted a content analysis of tweets posted by the two executives, in addition to interviews with 13 employees and the two executives themselves. The findings are numerous, but a brief summary indicates that the effect of Twitter on the company is that they became more visible, which resulted in more job applications, invitations to universities etc. It has not had an effect on the work of their employees, other than that they noticed the visibility in both positive and negative ways. Half of the employees find it very positive that HP Norway have become more well known, and the other half are skeptical and negative because they are afraid of the reputation of their work place. The probably biggest effect of Twitter is on the executives themselves, because they have broadened their networks and gotten access to people and ideas they would normally not get access to. However, they have tried to use this in favor of their company and employees

Small- and large-fiber neuropathy after 40 years of type 1 diabetes associations with glycemic control and advanced protein glycation: the Oslo Study

OBJECTIVE To study large- and small-nerve fiber function in type 1 diabetes of long duration and associations with HbA1c and the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) N-&#949-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a long-term follow-up study, 27 persons with type 1 diabetes of 40 &#177 3 years duration underwent large-nerve fiber examinations, with nerve conduction studies at baseline and years 8, 17, and 27. Small-fiber functions were assessed by quantitative sensory thresholds (QST) and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) at year 27. HbA1cwas measured prospectively through 27 years. Serum CML was measured at year 17 by immunoassay. Serum hydroimidazolone was measured at year 27 with liquid chromatography– mass spectrometry. RESULTS Sixteen patients (59%) had large-fiber neuropathy. Twenty-two (81%) had smallfiber dysfunction by QST. Heat pain thresholds in the foot were associated with hydroimidazolone and HbA1c. IENFD was abnormal in 19 (70%) and significantly lower in diabetic patients than in age-matched control subjects (4.3 &#177 2.3 vs. 11.2 &#177 3.5 mm, P , 0.001). IENFD correlated negatively with HbA1c over 27 years (r = 20.4, P = 0.04) and CML (r = 20.5, P = 0.01). After adjustment for age, height, and BMI in a multiple linear regression model, CML was still independently associated with IENFD. CONCLUSIONS Small-fiber sensory neuropathy is a major manifestation in type 1 diabetes of 40 years duration and more prevalent than large-fiber neuropathy. HbA1c and the AGEs CML and hydroimidazolone are important risk factors in the development of large- and small-fiber dysfunction in long-term type 1 diabetes

Perturbing PSD-95 Interactions With NR2B-subtype Receptors Attenuates Spinal Nociceptive Plasticity and Neuropathic Pain

Peripheral inflammation or nerve injury induces a primary afferent barrage into the spinal cord, which can cause N-methyl -aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent alterations in the responses of dorsal horn sensory neurons to subsequent afferent inputs. This plasticity, such as “wind-up” and central sensitization, contributes to the hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons and increased pain-related behavior in animal models, as well as clinical signs of chronic pain in humans, hyperalgesia and allodynia. Binding of NMDA receptor subunits by the scaffolding protein postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) can facilitate downstream intracellular signaling and modulate receptor stability, contributing to synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that spinal delivery of the mimetic peptide Tat-NR2B9c disrupts the interaction between PSD-95 and NR2B subunits in the dorsal horn and selectively reduces NMDA receptor-dependent events including wind-up of spinal sensory neurons, and both persistent formalin-induced neuronal activity and pain-related behaviors, attributed to central sensitization. Furthermore, a single intrathecal injection of Tat-NR2B9c in rats with established nerve injury-induced pain attenuates behavioral signs of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, with no effect on locomotor performance. Thus, uncoupling of PSD-95 from spinal NR2B-containing NMDA receptors may prevent the neuronal plasticity involved in chronic pain and may be a successful analgesic therapy, reducing side effects associated with receptor blockade

Effects of the noncompetitive N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonists ketamine and MK‐801 on pain‐stimulated and pain‐depressed behaviour in rats

BackgroundPain is a significant public health concern, and current pharmacological treatments have problematic side effects and limited effectiveness. N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonists have emerged as one class of candidate treatments for pain because of the significant contribution of glutamate signalling in nociceptive processing.MethodsThis study compared effects of the NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and MK‐801 in assays of pain‐stimulated and pain‐depressed behaviour in rats. The nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen was examined for comparison as a positive control. Intraperitoneal injection of dilute acid served as an acute visceral noxious stimulus to stimulate a stretching response or depress intracranial self‐stimulation (ICSS) in male Sprague–Dawley rats.ResultsKetamine (1.0–10.0 mg/kg) blocked acid‐stimulated stretching but failed to block acid‐induced depression of ICSS, whereas MK‐801 (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) blocked both acid‐stimulated stretching and acid‐induced depression of ICSS. These doses of ketamine and MK‐801 did not alter control ICSS in the absence of the noxious stimulus; however, higher doses of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and MK‐801 (0.32 mg/kg) depressed all behaviour. Ketoprofen (1.0 mg/kg) blocked both acid‐induced stimulation of stretching and depression of ICSS without altering control ICSS.ConclusionThese results support further consideration of NMDA receptor antagonists as analgesics; however, some NMDA receptor antagonists are more efficacious at attenuating pain‐depressed behaviours.What does this study addNMDA receptor antagonists produce dissociable effects on pain‐depressed behaviour.Provides evidence that pain‐depressed behaviours should be considered and evaluated when determining the antinociceptive effects of NMDA receptor antagonists.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134264/1/ejp847_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134264/2/ejp847.pd

The effect of covered bonds : high encumbrance in banks : a game changer for senior unsecured debt investors?

This study examines the effect covered bonds have on the senior bondholders. We discuss how this new funding method is affecting the banks' balances and to which extent the senior bonds credit spread is influenced by different factors. The results show that the senior bondholders and depositors are experiencing a much higher level of risk towards corporate loans than before the transfer of mortgages. This new risk is reflected in the increased credit spread for senior bonds. As banks continue to transfer more of their mortgages, so does the risk continue to increase. Our analysis of the senior bond credit spread shows that the return of equity (ROE) has a significant effect on the credit spread. We have found no evidence that size has an effect on the credit sprea

Atomistic Modeling of Fracture Mechanics Testing

Nanomechanical testing has become a well-acclaimed way of researching material properties. Today, with supercomputers and advanced programming codes for Molecular Dynamics (MD) available, there is also the possibility of creating computational models of nano-sized specimens, such as pillars and cantilevers. MD gives us an opportunity to go into the very depths of the material: the atoms, and explore the mechanisms in a way not achievable in a physical test specimen. As the oil and gas activity is increasing in the Arctic region, MD is becoming a viable tool for exploring materials under difficult circumstances, and see how they are affected by external factors such as very low temperature. An atomistic model of a full-3D, nano-sized, pre-notched cantilever beam has been made. It has a simulated indenter force embedded, and MD simulations have been performed to deflect the beam and initiate crack growth. The crucial process zone in front of the crack has been investigated with respect to linear elastic fracture mechanics, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and plastic deformation mechanisms such as dislocations and twinning. The effect of crystallographic orientation, crack geometry and loading rate has been studied. The stress intensity factor K has been calculated with three different approaches. In addition, the J-integral and energy release rate G have been computed. The cantilevers proved to be highly affected by crystallographic orientation, displaying very different behavior from orientation to orientation. The loading rate did not appear to notably affect the fracture behavior, however, the two loading rates investigated are not highly different from each other, especially when compared to physical experiments. An even longer simulation would be exciting to examine, if time allows in future research. Two different crack geometries were also compared, one sharp and one round. The difference in crack geometry didn t affect the overall behavior of the crack growth as much, but in general, the sharp crack produced cleaner, more brittle crack growth. The quantitative results showed that the K-calculations have expected results, based on previously obtained results. The energy release rate was obtained, and combined with the measured Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) used to find values for the yield stress, which fell within the expected range. The values acquired for J were compared with G, and found to be a bit high. Some refining of the method used to obtain J is probably needed for the values to be more precise on this level. The atomistic model was compared to physical testing of a cantilever beam. The calculated K and J were lower for the modeled cantilever than for the physical ones, which was explained by the difference in loading rate, notch geometry, specimen size and material purity

Identifisering av postoperativt delirium

Tittel: Identifisering av postoperativt delirium Antall ord totalt: 7251 Hensikt: Å belyse hvordan sykepleier kan identifisere postoperativt delirium hos hoftebruddpasienter med demens, samt hvilke tiltak og observasjoner som er nødvendige for at dette kan gjennomføres. Problemstilling: «Hvordan kan sykepleier identifisere postoperativt delirium hos hoftebruddpasienter med demens?» Metode: Oppgaven er en litteraturstudie. Det brukes eksisterende litteratur som grunnlag for å besvare problemstillingen. Det vil bli brukt sykepleiefaglig litteratur, og disse består av pensum- og lærebøker, fag- og forskningsartikler. Fremgangsmåte og søkehistorikk for forskningsartikler vil bli presentert og oppsummert. Av databaser er Svemed+, Cinahl og PubMed brukt. Kildekritikk vil komme avslutningsvis i metodekapittelet. Resultat: Det anbefales bruk av screeningverktøy for å identifisere delirium. Disse verktøyene er enkle å bruke, og enkle å ta i bruk i avdelinger. Det bør være spesielt fokus på standardiserte rutiner for bruk av verktøy på avdelinger hvor pasienter er svært utsatt for postoperativt delirium. Dette krever at sykepleiere er bevisste symptomer og komplikasjoner av delirium. Konklusjon: Det er vanskelig å vurdere delirium hos pasienter med demensdiagnoser. Samtidig blir demenspasienter ofte oversett i delirium-vurdering. Konsekvensene av ubehandlet delirium kan være livsendrende

Les Médecins de Louis XlV : un mémoire sur la médecine du 17ème siècle, la santé et les médecins de Louis XlV ainsi que ses initiatives pour le développement de la médecine

Résumé : Le but de ce mémoire est de décrire la santé à la cour de Louis XlV et plus précisément la santé du roi lui- même, la pratique de ses médecins et les traitements qui lui sont ordonnés, ainsi que de tenter d’analyser le rôle de la médecine au 17ème siècle. La médecine du 17ème siècle était une médecine impuissante, sans réelle capacité de guérir les patients. De l’Antiquité à la fin du 17ème siècle, les connaissances médicales étaient sans fondement scientifique. Au temps de Louis XlV, il régnait une ignorance presque totale. Basée sur les idées d’Hippocrate et Galien, on a cru que la santé était une harmonie entre des humeurs, et que la maladie représentait une déséquilibre. Les traitements consistaient à redresser l’harmonie entre ces humeurs, ce qu’on faisait avec des purges, des lavements et des saignées, associés à des drogues ou préparations les plus fantaisistes. La médecine était sans lien avec la réalité physiologique ou même le simple bon sens. Mais, une évolution de la pensée scientifique et l’emploi systématique de la méthode expérimentale a déjà commencé au 16ème siècle, et au 17ème siècle on assiste à une évolution rapide des connaissances, connue sous le nom de Révolution scientifique. De nombreuses découvertes importantes ont été faites, comme la circulation du sang, du lymphatique. Grâce au microscope on découvre les « cellules », et les spermatozoïdes. Mais les nouvelles découvertes n’ont pas changé les traitements thérapeutiques, ni augmenté l’espérance de vie qui est restée inférieure à 25 ans. Louis XlV souffrait, contrairement à ce qu’on peut imaginer à cause de sa longévité (77 ans), d’un grand nombre de maladies et risqua à plusieurs reprises de mourir. Il est traité en accord avec les doctrines de son temps, en particulier avec des saignées, des lavements et des purges. Il a survécu grâce à sa constitution robuste et malgré les traitements de ses médecins. L’éducation médicale était au 17ème siècle en France dispersée dans de nombreuses facultés qui formaient les étudiants d’une manière non conforme. Louis XlV a joué un rôle considérable pour l’amélioration de l’éducation médicale et l’exercice de la médecine dans son royaume, en ayant créé l’Académie de Sciences en 1666. Au 17ème siècle, les seuls gestes thérapeutiques venaient de la chirurgie. Louis XlV est en particulier responsable, en collaboration avec ses premiers chirurgiens, de l’augmentation de la réputation de la chirurgie française. Leurs efforts ont été indispensables pour la fondation de L’académie royale de la chirurgie en 1731