Images du cinéma français (1945) de Nicole Vedrès, un discours par l'image

Dans cet article, il conviendra, non pas d’évoquer Paris mil neuf cent et donc la vie de Nicole Vedrès en tant que cinéaste comme le font de nombreux articles et communications, mais bien de s’attarder sur l’un de ses livres peu connus des publics. Il s’agit du premier ouvrage français sur le cinéma contenant des images photographiques non illustratives, Images du cinéma français, paru en 1945. En d’autres termes, le premier livre qui porte une réflexion sur un art encore jeune que les publics (re)découvrent et qui se découvre, à travers un effet de montage photographique. Pourtant, lors de sa publication et ce malgré l’intention de l’auteur, Images du cinéma français sera reconnu par la presse française et les personnalités du septième art comme le premier album d’images sur le cinéma français. Un discours qui persiste encore de nos jours

Efficient binary reconstruction for non destructive evaluation using gammagraphy

International audienceThe localization and the sizing of 3D flaws within a homogeneous metallic media is a major task for non destructive evaluation (NDE). This paper adresses the problem of the reconstruction of such flaws using an efficient binary algorithm. Basically, the method rests on the fact that a simple binary constraint suffices for an accurate and robust reconstructions in the context of NDE. A heuristic minimization, computationally attractive, is designed in order to provide fast reconstructions. The proposed algorithm is compared with standard binary (the iterated conditional mode algorithm) and non binary (penalized approach with convex potentials Gibbs random fields) reconstruction techniques

Histological and biomechanical study of dura mater applied to the technique of dura splitting decompression in Chiari type I malformation.

International audienceMany techniques are described to treat Chiari type I malformation. One of them is a splitting of the dura, removing its outer layer only to reduce the risks of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. We try to show the effectiveness of this technique from histological and biomechanical observations of dura mater. Study was performed on 25 posterior fossa dura mater specimens from fresh human cadavers. Dural composition and architecture was assessed on 47 transversal and sagittal sections. Uniaxial mechanical tests were performed on 22 dural samples (15 entire, 7 split) to focus on the dural macroscopic mechanical behavior comparing entire and split samples and also to understand deformation mechanisms. We finally created a model of volume expansion after splitting. Dura mater was composed of predominant collagen fibers with a few elastin fibers, cranio-caudally orientated. The classical description of two distinct layers remained inconstant. Biomechanical tests showed a significant difference between entire dura, which presents an elastic fragile behavior, with a small domain where deformation is reversible with stress, and split dura, which presents an elasto-plastic behavior with a large domain of permanent strain and a lower stress level. From these experimental results, the model showed a volume increase of approximately 50% below the split area. We demonstrated the capability of the split dura mater to enlarge for suitable stress conditions and we quantified it by biomechanical tests and experimental model. Thus, dural splitting decompression seems to have a real biomechanical substrate to envision the efficacy of this Chiari type I malformation surgical technique

Fluorescence blind structured illumination microscopy: a new reconstruction strategy

International audienceIn this communication, a fast reconstruction algorithm is proposed for fluorescence blind structured illumination mi-croscopy (SIM) under the sample positivity constraint. This new algorithm is by far simpler and faster than existing solutions , paving the way to 3D and real-time 2D reconstruction

LIPH Expression in Skin and Hair Follicles of Normal Coat and Rex Rabbits

Natural mutations in the LIPH gene were shown to be responsible for hair growth defects in humans and for the rex short hair phenotype in rabbits. In this species, we identified a single nucleotide deletion in LIPH (1362delA) introducing a stop codon in the C-terminal region of the protein. We investigated the expression of LIPH between normal coat and rex rabbits during critical fetal stages of hair follicle genesis, in adults and during hair follicle cycles. Transcripts were three times less expressed in both fetal and adult stages of the rex rabbits than in normal rabbits. In addition, the hair growth cycle phases affected the regulation of the transcription level in the normal and mutant phenotypes differently. LIPH mRNA and protein levels were higher in the outer root sheath (ORS) than in the inner root sheath (IRS), with a very weak signal in the IRS of rex rabbits. In vitro transfection shows that the mutant protein has a reduced lipase activity compared to the wild type form. Our results contribute to the characterization of the LIPH mode of action and confirm the crucial role of LIPH in hair production

NMR structure of the A730 loop of the Neurospora VS ribozyme: insights into the formation of the active site

The Neurospora VS ribozyme is a small nucleolytic ribozyme with unique primary, secondary and global tertiary structures, which displays mechanistic similarities to the hairpin ribozyme. Here, we determined the high-resolution NMR structure of a stem–loop VI fragment containing the A730 internal loop, which forms part of the active site. In the presence of magnesium ions, the A730 loop adopts a structure that is consistent with existing biochemical data and most likely reflects its conformation in the VS ribozyme prior to docking with the cleavage site internal loop. Interestingly, the A730 loop adopts an S-turn motif that is also present in loop B within the hairpin ribozyme active site. The S-turn appears necessary to expose the Watson–Crick edge of a catalytically important residue (A756) so that it can fulfill its role in catalysis. The A730 loop and the cleavage site loop of the VS ribozyme display structural similarities to internal loops found in the active site of the hairpin ribozyme. These similarities provided a rationale to build a model of the VS ribozyme active site based on the crystal structure of the hairpin ribozyme

The ANTENATAL multicentre study to predict postnatal renal outcome in fetuses with posterior urethral valves: objectives and design

Abstract Background Posterior urethral valves (PUV) account for 17% of paediatric end-stage renal disease. A major issue in the management of PUV is prenatal prediction of postnatal renal function. Fetal ultrasound and fetal urine biochemistry are currently employed for this prediction, but clearly lack precision. We previously developed a fetal urine peptide signature that predicted in utero with high precision postnatal renal function in fetuses with PUV. We describe here the objectives and design of the prospective international multicentre ANTENATAL (multicentre validation of a fetal urine peptidome-based classifier to predict postnatal renal function in posterior urethral valves) study, set up to validate this fetal urine peptide signature. Methods Participants will be PUV pregnancies enrolled from 2017 to 2021 and followed up until 2023 in >30 European centres endorsed and supported by European reference networks for rare urological disorders (ERN eUROGEN) and rare kidney diseases (ERN ERKNet). The endpoint will be renal/patient survival at 2 years postnatally. Assuming α = 0.05, 1–β = 0.8 and a mean prevalence of severe renal outcome in PUV individuals of 0.35, 400 patients need to be enrolled to validate the previously reported sensitivity and specificity of the peptide signature. Results In this largest multicentre study of antenatally detected PUV, we anticipate bringing a novel tool to the clinic. Based on urinary peptides and potentially amended in the future with additional omics traits, this tool will be able to precisely quantify postnatal renal survival in PUV pregnancies. The main limitation of the employed approach is the need for specialized equipment. Conclusions Accurate risk assessment in the prenatal period should strongly improve the management of fetuses with PUV

Première partie : Usage et perception

          Quel que soit le champ disciplinaire du chercheur(e), celle-ci ou celui-ci ira à la rencontre de documents et de pièces d’archives pour commencer ou poursuivre ses travaux. Synonyme de souvenirs[1], les archives sont pour la plupart des personnes des documents anciens, voire précieux, soigneusement protégés et dont l’intérêt ne semble être perçu que par les érudits, les professeurs et les archivistes eux-mêmes. Pourtant,   l’« archive » informe à travers son contenant, son contenu e..

Journée Internationale des Archives 2016

Dans le dossier de presse « Journée Internationale des Archives » produit et diffusé en 2016 par le Conseil International des Archives, son Président David Fricker, souligne que le thème Archives, Harmonie et Amitié retenu pour cette année « met […] en évidence le rôle des archives dans la société ; la recherche de la compréhension et de sens à travers nos patrimoines culturels et sociaux[1] ». En effet, le rôle et les missions des archivistes dans le monde sont principalement de collecter, c..