How Individual self-regulation affects group regulation and performance: A shared regulation intervention

This study explored the relationship between individual self-regulated learning (SRL), socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL), and group performance plus the effect of an intervention promoting SSRL. We hypothesized that SRL would influence SSRL and group performance as groups with high SRL students will be better regulated and that the intervention would promote SSRL over time. The results revealed a significant relationship between SRL and SSRL, but no significant effects of the intervention on group performance. The limitations of the intervention are discussed and form the basis for future design of environments to promote SSRL. The main conclusion is that SRL is an important predictor of SSRL and should be considered when designing small group activities and their environments

Delineating the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of the SETD1B-related syndrome

Purpose Pathogenic variants in SETD1B have been associated with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder including intellectual disability, language delay, and seizures. To date, clinical features have been described for 11 patients with (likely) pathogenic SETD1B sequence variants. This study aims to further delineate the spectrum of the SETD1B-related syndrome based on characterizing an expanded patient cohort. Methods We perform an in-depth clinical characterization of a cohort of 36 unpublished individuals with SETD1B sequence variants, describing their molecular and phenotypic spectrum. Selected variants were functionally tested using in vitro and genome-wide methylation assays. Results Our data present evidence for a loss-of-function mechanism of SETD1B variants, resulting in a core clinical phenotype of global developmental delay, language delay including regression, intellectual disability, autism and other behavioral issues, and variable epilepsy phenotypes. Developmental delay appeared to precede seizure onset, suggesting SETD1B dysfunction impacts physiological neurodevelopment even in the absence of epileptic activity. Males are significantly overrepresented and more severely affected, and we speculate that sex-linked traits could affect susceptibility to penetrance and the clinical spectrum of SETD1B variants. Conclusion Insights from this extensive cohort will facilitate the counseling regarding the molecular and phenotypic landscape of newly diagnosed patients with the SETD1B-related syndrome.Peer reviewe

37 GHz observations of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

Observations at 37 GHz, performed at Mets\"ahovi Radio Observatory, are presented for a sample of 78 radio-loud and radio-quiet narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, together with additional lower and higher frequency radio data from RATAN-600, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, and the Planck satellite. Most of the data have been gathered between February 2012 and April 2015 but for some sources even longer lightcurves exist. The detection rate at 37 GHz is around 19%, comparable to other populations of active galactic nuclei presumed to be faint at radio frequencies, such as BL Lac objects. Variability and spectral indices are determined for sources with enough detections. Based on the radio data, many NLS1 galaxies show a blazar-like radio spectra exhibiting significant variability. The spectra at a given time are often inverted or convex. The source of the high-frequency radio emission in NLS1 galaxies, detected at 37 GHz, is most probably a relativistic jet rather than star formation. Jets in NLS1 galaxies are therefore expected to be a much more common phenomenon than earlier assumed.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. Table of 37 GHz data will be available at the CDS soo

”Kun maalaisjärki loppuu, niin otetaan lakikirja käsiin”:kokeneiden opettajien ajatuksia työrauhasta ja sen muutoksesta

Tiivistelmä. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kokeneiden luokanopettajien käsityksiä työrauhasta, työrauhahäiriöistä, työrauhalainsäädännöstä, sekä kokemuksia näiden muutoksesta työuran aikana. Työrauhaa on tutkittu suomalaisittain aktiivisesti erityisesti 70-luvun lopussa ja 80-luvun alussa. Aikaisempien tutkimusten perusteella työrauha on käsitteenä vaikea, sillä opettajat kokevat eri asioita häiriöiksi. Työrauhan määrittely on subjektiivista. Muutos työrauhan suhteen on nähtävissä jo käytetyssä termistössä. Entisinä aikoina on puhuttu kurinpito-ongelmista ja opettaja on ollut tiedonjakaja. Nykyään kuri ymmärretään negatiiviseksi asiaksi, joka ei edistä oppilaan oppimista. Opettajan rooli on vaihtunut tiedonjakajasta oma-aloitteisesti toimivan oppilaan ohjaajaksi. Lainsäädäntöä työrauhaan liittyen on tarkennettu viimeksi vuonna 2014. Työrauhalainsäädäntöä on viime vuosina tarkennettu ottamaan entistä enemmän huomioon oppilaiden ja opettajien perusoikeuksia. Opettajan autoritääriset yksinvaltiaan keinot ylläpitää työrauhaa ovat poistuneet ja laki ottaa huomioon entistä enemmän yksilöiden oikeuksia. Suuntaus on sama opettajan ja oppilaiden välisissä suhteissa koululuokissa. Työrauhan rakentamiseen käytetään entistä enemmän oppilaslähtöisiä keinoja ja oppilaita otetaan mukaan luokan päätöksentekoon ja yhteisten sääntöjen sopimiseen. Tutkimus toteutettiin fenomenografisena tapaustutkimuksena. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin haastattelemalla vähintään 10 vuotta luokanopettajana toimineita opettajia. Yhteensä tutkimukseen osallistui kuusi opettajaa, joista kolme oli miehiä ja kolme oli naisia. Tulosten kannalta sukupuolilla ei ollut oleellista merkitystä. Opettajat kokevat työrauhan tilaksi, jossa oppilaat voivat työskennellä vailla pelkoa ja häiriötekijöitä. Hyvän työrauhan edellytyksenä ei ole luokassa vallitseva hiljaisuus. Useat työskentelytavat korostivat keskustelua. Opettajien mielestä työrauha häiriintyy silloin, kun oppimista ei tapahdu. Työrauhahäiriöiden syyt olivat ensin opettajassa ja vasta sitten oppilaassa. Opettajat tarkastivat häiriötilanteessa ensin omaa käyttäytymistään tai tehtävänantoaan ennen kuin käänsivät katseen oppilaasta johtuviin seikkoihin. Työrauhaa ylläpitäessään lainsäädäntö oli opettajilla taustalla vaikuttavana tekijänä, ei ensimmäisenä mielessä työrauhaan liittyviä ratkaisuja tehdessä. Opettajat pitävät oppilaita nykyään avoimempina ja reippaampina. Opettajat myös tuovat enemmän omaa persoonaansa mukaan ja ovat helpommin lähestyttävissä. Opettajien työtavat ovat yhteisöllisempiä ja opettamistapa ohjaavampi kuin ennen. Rangaistusmenetelmät ovat oppilaslähtöisempiä. Esimerkiksi jälki-istuntoa ei enää juuri käytetä, vaan tilalla ovat kasvatuskeskustelut. Työrauhaan liittyvän lainsäädännön muutos koettiin hyväksi. Laki ottaa entistä enemmän huomioon yksilöiden oikeuksia

Near-infrared morphologies of the host galaxies of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

We present J-band near-infrared (NIR) imaging of the host galaxies of nine narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1). Based on highfrequency radio observations at 37 GHz, seven of them could host powerful jets that are most likely relativistic. Host galaxy morphology studies of NLS1 galaxies are scarce, but exceedingly important for understanding the seemingly heterogeneous nature of the NLS1 population as well as their evolution and place in the active galactic nuclei (AGN) scheme. Increasing the sample size is essential for achieving statistically significant results. We determine the morphological types of the host galaxies by performing photometric decomposition of NIR images using a 2D image decomposition algorithm GALFIT. We were able to sufficiently model five of the nine host galaxies. Based on the fitting parameters, mainly the Sersic index, all five are disk-like galaxies. Sources with clearly distinguishable bulge components all have pseudo-bulges, and four out of five sources show a component resembling a bar. A surprisingly large fraction, three out of five, show signs of interaction or disturbed morphology. Our results suggest that spiral galaxies with pseudo-bulges are able to launch and maintain powerful jets. They also imply that interaction - mainly minor mergers - may have a role in initially triggering higher levels of nuclear activity in NLS1 galaxies. Furthermore, our results support the heterogeneous nature of the NLS1 class and indicate that this diversity is caused by different evolutionary stages, possibly due to mergers

Toward a script theory of guidance in computer-supported collaborative learning

This article presents an outline of a script theory of guidance for computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). With its four types of components of internal and external scripts (play, scene, role, and scriptlet) and seven principles, this theory addresses the question how CSCL practices are shaped by dynamically re-configured internal collaboration scripts of the participating learners. Furthermore, it explains how internal collaboration scripts develop through participation in CSCL practices. It emphasizes the importance of active application of subject matter knowledge in CSCL practices, and it prioritizes transactive over non-transactive forms of knowledge application in order to facilitate learning. Further, the theory explains how external collaboration scripts modify CSCL practices and how they influence the development of internal collaboration scripts. The principles specify an optimal scaffolding level for external collaboration scripts and allow for the formulation of hypotheses about the fading of external collaboration scripts. Finally, the article points towards conceptual challenges and future research questions

Radio jets and gamma-ray emission in radio-silent narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

We have detected six narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies at 37 GHz that were previously classified as radio silent and two that were classified as radio quiet. These detections reveal the presumption that NLS1 galaxies labelled radio quiet or radio silent and hosted by spiral galaxies are unable to launch jets to be incorrect. The detections are a plausible indicator of the presence of a powerful, most likely relativistic jet because this intensity of emission at 37 GHz cannot be explained by, for example, radiation from supernova remnants. Additionally, one of the detected NLS1 galaxies is a newly discovered source of gamma rays and three others are candidates for future detections.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, 37 GHz data available in electronic form at the CDS. Accepted in A&

The genetic variant rs4073 A→T of the Interleukin-8 promoter region is associated with the earlier onset of exudative age-related macular degeneration

Peer reviewe

Preoperative and perioperative use of levosimendan in cardiac surgery: European expert opinion

In cardiac surgery, postoperative low cardiac output has been shown to correlate with increased rates of organ failure and mortality. Catecholamines have been the standard therapy for many years, although they carry substantial risk for adverse cardiac and systemic effects, and have been reported to be associated with increased mortality. On the other hand, the calcium sensitiser and potassium channel opener levosimendan has been shown to improve cardiac function with no imbalance in oxygen consumption, and to have protective effects in other organs. Numerous clinical trials have indicated favourable cardiac and non-cardiac effects of preoperative and perioperative administration of levosimendan. A panel of 27 experts from 18 countries has now reviewed the literature on the use of levosimendan in on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and in heart valve surgery. This panel discussed the published evidence in these various settings, and agreed to vote on a set of questions related to the cardioprotective effects of levosimendan when administered preoperatively, with the purpose of reaching a consensus on which patients could benefit from the preoperative use of levosimendan and in which kind of procedures, and at which doses and timing should levosimendan be administered. Here, we present a systematic review of the literature to report on the completed and ongoing studies on levosimendan, including the newly commenced LEVO-CTS phase III study (NCT02025621), and on the consensus reached on the recommendations proposed for the use of preoperative levosimendan