Force and acceleration characteristics of military foot drill: implications for injury risk in recruits

Background: Foot drill involving marching and drill manoeuvres is conducted regularly during basic military recruit training. Characterising the biomechanical loading of foot drill will improve our understanding of the contributory factors to lower limb overuse injuries in recruits. Aim: Quantify and compare forces, loading rates and accelerations of British Army foot drill, within and between trained and untrained personnel. Methods: 24 trained soldiers (12 men and 12 women; TRAINED) and 12 civilian men (UNTRAINED) performed marching and five drill manoeuvres on force platforms; motion capture recorded tibial position. Peak vertical impact force (PF), peak vertical loading rate (PLR), expressed as multiples of body weight (BW) and peak tibial impact acceleration (PTA) were recorded. Results: Drill manoeuvre PF, PLR and PTA were similar, but higher in TRAINED men (PF, PLR: p<0.01; PTA: p<0.05). Peak values in TRAINED men were shown for the halt (mean (SD); PF: 6.5 (1.5) BW; PLR: 983 (333) BW/s PTA; PTA: 207 (57) m/s2) and left turn (PF: 6.6 (1.7) BW; PLR: 928 (300) BW/s; 184 (62) m/s2). Marching PF, PLR, PTA were similar between groups and lower than all drill manoeuvres (PF: 1.1–1.3 BW; PLR: 42–70 BW/s; p<0.01; PTA: 23–38 m/s2; p<0.05). Conclusions: Army foot drill generates higher forces, loading rates and accelerations than activities such as running and load carriage, while marching is comparable to moderate running (10.8 km/h). The large biomechanical loading of foot drill may contribute to the high rate of overuse injuries during initial military training, and strategies to regulate/reduce this loading should be explored

The effect of relationship status on communicating emotions through touch

Research into emotional communication to date has largely focused on facial and vocal expressions. In contrast, recent studies by Hertenstein, Keltner, App, Bulleit, and Jaskolka (2006) and Hertenstein, Holmes, McCullough, and Keltner (2009) exploring nonverbal communication of emotion discovered that people could identify anger, disgust, fear, gratitude, happiness, love, sadness and sympathy from the experience of being touched on either the arm or body by a stranger, without seeing the touch. The study showed that strangers were unable to communicate the self-focused emotions embarrassment, envy and pride, or the universal emotion surprise. Literature relating to touch indicates that the interpretation of a tactile experience is significantly influenced by the relationship between the touchers (Coan, Schaefer, & Davidson, 2006). The present study compared the ability of romantic couples and strangers to communicate emotions solely via touch. Results showed that both strangers and romantic couples were able to communicate universal and prosocial emotions, whereas only romantic couples were able to communicate the self-focused emotions envy and pride

Relating the metatranscriptome and metagenome of the human gut

Although the composition of the human microbiome is now wellstudied, the microbiota’s \u3e8 million genes and their regulation remain largely uncharacterized. This knowledge gap is in part because of the difficulty of acquiring large numbers of samples amenable to functional studies of the microbiota. We conducted what is, to our knowledge, one of the first human microbiome studies in a well-phenotyped prospective cohort incorporating taxonomic, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic profiling at multiple body sites using self-collected samples. Stool and saliva were provided by eight healthy subjects, with the former preserved by three different methods (freezing, ethanol, and RNAlater) to validate self-collection. Within-subject microbial species, gene, and transcript abundances were highly concordant across sampling methods, with only a small fraction of transcripts (\u3c5%) displaying between-method variation. Next, we investigated relationships between the oral and gut microbial communities, identifying a subset of abundant oral microbes that routinely survive transit to the gut, but with minimal transcriptional activity there. Finally, systematic comparison of the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome revealed that a substantial fraction (41%) of microbial transcripts were not differentially regulated relative to their genomic abundances. Of the remainder, consistently underexpressed pathways included sporulation and amino acid biosynthesis, whereas up-regulated pathways included ribosome biogenesis and methanogenesis. Across subjects, metatranscriptional profiles were significantly more individualized than DNA-level functional profiles, but less variable than microbial composition, indicative of subject-specific whole-community regulation. The results thus detail relationships between community genomic potential and gene expression in the gut, and establish the feasibility of metatranscriptomic investigations in subject-collected and shipped samples

Recognizing Emotions in a Foreign Language

Expressions of basic emotions (joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) can be recognized pan-culturally from the face and it is assumed that these emotions can be recognized from a speaker's voice, regardless of an individual's culture or linguistic ability. Here, we compared how monolingual speakers of Argentine Spanish recognize basic emotions from pseudo-utterances ("nonsense speech") produced in their native language and in three foreign languages (English, German, Arabic). Results indicated that vocal expressions of basic emotions could be decoded in each language condition at accuracy levels exceeding chance, although Spanish listeners performed significantly better overall in their native language ("in-group advantage"). Our findings argue that the ability to understand vocally-expressed emotions in speech is partly independent of linguistic ability and involves universal principles, although this ability is also shaped by linguistic and cultural variables

Incidence des troubles du comportement en psychiatrie gériatrique

Les troubles du comportement (TC) des patients très âgés souffrant de pathologies cognitives perturbent fréquemment tant l'entourage du sujet résidant à domicile qu'en EMS, et motivent souvent l'hospitalisation en psychiatrie gériatrique. En milieu hospitalier, les TC prolongent le séjour dans la mesure où les EMS et les soins à domicile n'entrent en matière qu'une fois le patient âgé stabilisé sur le plan comportemental. La gestion des TC reste un défi permanent pour les proches comme pour les professionnels de la santé d'où la nécessité d'une approche quantitative, prospective présentée ici. [Auteurs] N.B. Grille de Cohen-Mansfield : cet instrument a été retenu, car il est basé sur le type de comportement et non sur leur lieu de survenue; il a été utilisé dans plus de quarante études, est fiable, validé (en anglais, chinois et italien) et facile d'emploi. [Auteurs, p. 1434]]]> Geriatric Assessment ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Geriatric Psychiatry fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_EA0DD174ADA4 2022-05-07T01:29:21Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_EA0DD174ADA4 RPC4046, a Monoclonal Antibody Against IL13, Reduces Histologic and Endoscopic Activity in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. info:doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.051 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.051 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/30395812 Hirano, I. Collins, M.H. Assouline-Dayan, Y. Evans, L. Gupta, S. Schoepfer, A.M. Straumann, A. Safroneeva, E. Grimm, M. Smith, H. Tompkins, C.A. Woo, A. Peach, R. Frohna, P. Gujrathi, S. Penenberg, D.N. Li, C. Opiteck, G.J. Olson, A. Aranda, R. Rothenberg, M.E. Dellon, E.S. HEROES Study Group info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2019-02 Gastroenterology, vol. 156, no. 3, pp. 592-603.e10 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1528-0012 urn:issn:0016-5085 <![CDATA[Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, esophageal, type 2 inflammatory response associated with increased serum levels of interleukin 13 (IL13), which might contribute to its pathogenesis. RPC4046, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against IL13, prevents its binding to the receptor subunits IL13RA1 and IL13RA2. We performed a phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RPC4046 in patients with EoE. We performed a multicenter, double-blind trial of 99 adults with active EoE randomly assigned (1:1:1) to groups given RPC4046 (180 or 360 mg) or placebo once weekly for 16 weeks, from September 2014 through December 2015. Patients were seen at day 1 (baseline) and weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16. They underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsies were collected at baseline and week 16. Patients completed a daily dysphagia symptom diary through week 16 and patient-reported outcome data were collected. The primary outcome was change in mean esophageal eosinophil count in the 5 high-power fields (hpfs) with the highest level of inflammation. At week 16, mean changes in esophageal eosinophil count per hpf were a reduction of 94.8 ± 67.3 in patients who received 180 mg RPC4046 (P &lt; .0001) and a reduction of 99.9 ± 79.5 in patients who received 360 mg RPC4046 (P &lt; .0001) compared with a reduction of 4.4 ± 59.9 in patients who received placebo. The 360-mg RPC4046 group, compared with the placebo group, showed significant reductions in validated endoscopic severity score at all esophageal locations (P &lt; .0001), validated histologic grade and stage scores (both P &lt; .0001), and clinician's global assessment of disease severity (P = .0352); they had a numerical reduction in scores from the dysphagia symptom diary (P = .0733). Significant reductions in esophageal eosinophil counts and histologic and endoscopic features were observed in patients with steroid-refractory EoE who received RPC4046. The most common adverse events were headache and upper respiratory tract infection. In a phase 2 trial of patients with EoE, we found RPC4046 (a monoclonal antibody against IL13) to reduce histologic and endoscopic features compared with placebo. RPC4046 was well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT02098473

Emotional persistence in online chatting communities

How do users behave in online chatrooms, where they instantaneously read and write posts? We analyzed about 2.5 million posts covering various topics in Internet relay channels, and found that user activity patterns follow known power-law and stretched exponential distributions, indicating that online chat activity is not different from other forms of communication. Analysing the emotional expressions (positive, negative, neutral) of users, we revealed a remarkable persistence both for individual users and channels. I.e. despite their anonymity, users tend to follow social norms in repeated interactions in online chats, which results in a specific emotional "tone" of the channels. We provide an agent-based model of emotional interaction, which recovers qualitatively both the activity patterns in chatrooms and the emotional persistence of users and channels. While our assumptions about agent's emotional expressions are rooted in psychology, the model allows to test different hypothesis regarding their emotional impact in online communication.Comment: 34 pages, 4 main and 12 supplementary figure

Influence de la Hyaluronidase dans le traitement sérothérapique de l’envenimation du Chien par les venins de Cobra et de Vipère

Cheyroux M., Nicol Louis, Izard Y., Girard O., Corvazier R., Reculard Pierre. Influence de la Hyaluronidase dans le traitement sérothérapique de l’envenimation du Chien par les venins de Cobra et de Vipère. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 108 n°6, 1955. pp. 221-223

Transcultural adaptation of the Emotion Matching Task: an emotion neuropsychological assessment

Emotions play a central role in children’s relationships. Deficits in emotional understanding have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. In Brazil, however, few psychological instruments are available to assess young children’s emotional development. The objective of the present study was to make a transcultural adaptation of the Emotion Matching Task (EMT). The EMT was translated and adapted by a team of bilingual researches and then back-translated to English. The preliminary versions were assessed by EMT’s authors and by Brazilians specialized judges. The final version was applied in a sample of 50 children between three and six years of age and answered by nine judges in three Brazilian states. The results indicate good semantic equivalence and good agreement with the answers provided (κ= 0.88, Z=95.2, p<0.001). The final version of the EMT was considered appropriate and satisfactory

Cable-driven parallel robot for curtain wall module installation

A cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) was developed for the installation of curtain wall modules (CWM). The research addressed the question of whether the CDPR was capable installing CWMs with sufficient accuracy while being competitive compared to conventional manual methods. In order to develop and test such a system, a conceptual framework that consisted of three sub-systems was defined. The tests, carried out in two close-to-real demonstration buildings, revealed an absolute accuracy of the CWM installation of 4 to 23 mm. The working time for installing a CWM was reduced to 0.51 h. The results also show that the system is competitive for a workspace greater than 96 m2 compared to conventional manual methods. However, improvements such as reducing the hours for setting up the CDPR on the one hand and achieving a faster and more robust MEE on the other hand will be still necessary in the future.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 73251

Los ortogneises peralcalinos del borde meridional de la Unidad Malpica-Tuy: caracteres geológicos, mineralógicos, geoquímicos y mineralizaciones de Y-Nb-Zr-TR asociadas

This paper summarizes the main tectonic, mineralogical, petrological and geochemical features of the three peralkaline complexes located in the southern end of the Malpica-Tuy Unit, in Galicia (NW Spain). The Porriño and La Guía complexes occur in metasedimentary rocks, mainly graywackes, of the Iberian Massif, while the Piñeiro complex is hosted by a pre-Variscun biotite granite. New data concerning the chemical composition and boundaries of the various facies which form the Porriño complex are given here. This data allow to define up to eight petrological facies and reinterprete the origin of these peralkaline bodies. The content and distribution of the major, trace and RE elements in the three complexes are the result of a magmatic differentiation process which gave place to a progressive enrichmente in SiO2 and a corresponding continuous decrease in Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, TiO2 and P2O5. In the Porriño complex, this geochemical trend towards more evolved rocks is consistent with field observations which show an evolution in time from the earlier biotite-hornblende to the late riebec kite, aegyrine-riebeckite, and biotite facies. Likewise, the REE content is highest in the latest radioactive biotite orthogneiss in which some mineralogically complex Y-NbZr- REE ores have been found. From the genetic point of view, the geochemical and field data show that the orthogneisses forming these peralkaline complexes fall in the field of intraplate granitoides (WPG) and correspond to A-type granites originated by melting of an anhydrous continental crust. Later on, the igneous rocks were folded and overthrust on the Precambrian-Lower Cambrian basement during the Variscan orogeny.Se resumen en este trabajo las principales características tectónicas, mineralógicas, petrológicas y geoquímicas de tres complejos peralcalinos situados en el extremo meridional de la Unidad Malpica-Tuy, en Galicia (NO de España). Los complejos de Porriño y La Guía están encajados en rocas metasedimentarias, principalmente grauvacas, del Macizo Ibérico, mientras que el complejo de Porriño se encuentra en un granito biotítico pre-Varisco. Se incluyen aquí nuevos datos referentes a la composición química y a los límites de las diferentes facies que constituyen el complejo de Porriño. Estos datos permiten definir hasta ocho facies petrológicas y reinterpretar el origen de estos cuerpos peralcalinos. El contenido y distribución de los elementos mayores, en trazas y de las TR es el resultado, en los tres complejos, de un proceso de diferenciación magmática que dio lugar al progresivo enriquecimiento en SiO2, y al correspondiente empobrecimiento en Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, TiO2 y P2O5, de las sucesivas facies. En el complejo de Porriño, esta tendencia geoquímica hacia rocas más evolucionadas está de acuerdo con las observaciones realizadas sobre el terreno, las cuales muestran una evolución en el tiempo desde la facies inicial con biotita y hornblenda a las más tardías con riebeckita, egirina-riebeckita, y biotita. Igualmente, el mayor contenido en TR corresponde al ortogneis biotítico tardío, en el que se encuentra un yacimiento, mineralógicamente muy complejo, de Y-NbZr- TR. Desde el punto de vista genético, los datos de campo y los análisis geoquímicos indican que los ortogneises que forman estos complejos peralcalinos se proyectan en el campo de los granitos intraplaca (WPG) y derivan de granitos de tipo A originados por fusión de una corteza continental anhidra. Más tarde, estas rocas ígneas fueron plegadas y cabalgadas sobre un basamento de edad Precámbrico-Cámbrico Inferior durante la orogenia varisca