The South African guidelines on enuresis-2017

Introduction: Enuresis (or Nocturnal Enuresis) is defined as discreet episodes of urinary incontinence during sleep in children over 5 years of age in the absence of congenital or acquired neurological disorders. Recommendations: Suggestions and recommendations are made on the various therapeutic options available within a South African context. These therapeutic options include; behavioural modification, pharmaceutical therapy [Desmospressin (DDAVP), Anticholinergic (ACh) Agents, Mirabegron (beta 3-adrenoreceptor agonists), and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)], alternative treatments, complementary therapies, urotherapy, alarm therapy, psychological therapy and biofeedback. The role of the Bladder Diary, additional investigations and Mobile Phone Applications (Apps) in enuresis is also explored. Standardised definitions are also outlined within this document. Conclusion: An independent, unbiased, national evaluation and treatment guideline based on the pathophysiological subcategory is proposed using an updated, evidence based approach. This Guideline has received endorsement from the South African Urological Association, Enuresis Academy of South Africa and further input from international experts within the field

Nuclear structure studies

Thesis (D. Sc.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1976.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

A fatal case of an adrenal gland melanoma with a mysterious primary lesion

Adrenal gland involvement by metastatic melanoma is a common finding in patients with cutaneous or ocular melanomas. We report on the presence of an adrenal gland melanoma in a young female, without a documented primary lesion. A diagnosis of a primary adrenal melanoma was considered and after applying diagnostic criteria, could not be established. An attempt at resection via a nephroadrenalectomy and bilateral pulmonary metastectomies were performed. At 6-month follow up the patient presented with disease progression and demised prior to initiation of chemotherapy, at 22 years of age

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome associated with a urogenital sinus anomaly in a 4-year-old : report of a case

The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare entity characterized by congenital aplasia of the vagina and uterus in the presence of normal ovarian function, in conjunction with a 46 XX karyotype. This condition is mostly signalled by primary amenorrhoea around the season of puberty. We report on its diagnosis in a 4-year-old child presenting with urinary incontinence. Also of interest in our index patient is the presence of a pure urogenital sinus anomaly. This extremely rare association has not been previously diagnosed in childhood