Screening migrants in the early Cold War: the geopolitics of U.S. immigration policy

The main elements of U.S. immigration policy date back to the early Cold War. One such element is a screening process initially designed to prevent infiltration by Communist agents posing as migrants from East-Central Europe. The development of these measures was driven by geopolitical concerns, resulting in vetting criteria that favored the admission of hardline nationalists and anti-Communists. The argument proceeds in two steps. First, the article demonstrates that geopolitics influenced immigration policy, resulting in the admission of extremist individuals. Second, it documents how geopolitical concerns and the openness of U.S. institutions provided exiles with the opportunity to mobilize politically. Although there is little evidence that the vetting system succeeded in preventing the entry of Communist subversives into the United States, it did help to create a highly mobilized anti-Communist ethnic lobby that supported extremist policies vis-à-vis the Soviet Union during the early Cold War

Bibliography of Dance. Dance Studies in Poland: Research Perspectives

The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to review the literature on dance in Poland and (2) to make Polish dance bibliography more elaborate. First, the essay discusses the current state of research on dance in Poland. Second, it presents the classification of dance publications by Leslie Getz and attempts to create a bibliography of the dance catalogue in Poland. Finally, it comments on the scientific activity of Polish research institutions studying dance and suggests some improvements to the current situation of dance research in Poland

Straight into the Eyes - Jacek Łumiński and the Silesian Dance Theatre (1991-2011)

The final decade of the 20th century was the turning-point for the development of Polish contemporary dance. In 1991 Jacek Łumiński established the Silesian Dance Theatre in Bytom. The theatre is said to be in the avant-garde of all activities related to contemporary dance development in Poland. It was J. Łumiński and his theatre who pioneered new trends in contemporary dance at the beginning of the nineties of the 20th century, at the same time they have conducted educational activity over the intervening twenty years. The aim of this article is to present the artistic and educational activity of the Silesian Dance Theatre of the recent twenty years. In the beginning the author presents a choreographic portrait of J. Łumiński, the founder and choreographer of the Silesian Dance Theatre, and creator of the Polish contemporary dance technique. Then an analysis of J. Łumiński’s dance style is carried out, and the review of the Silesian Dance Theatre’s choreographic attainments is presented. The final part of the article discusses the wide spectrum of educational activities undertaken in the field of contemporary professional dance by the Silesian Dance Theatre, and the phenomenon of the theatre on the Polish stage

Straight in the Eyes: Jacek Łumiński and the Silesian Dance Theatre (1991-2011)

The last decade of the 20th century marked a turning-point in the development of Polish contemporary dance. In 1991, Jacek Luminski established the Silesian Dance Theatre in Bytom.The theatre is said to have been the avant-garde of all activities around contemporary dance in Poland. It was J. Luminski and his theatre that set new trends in contemporary dance of the early 1990s, at the same time having fulfilled educational purposes for the last twenty years. The aim of this article is to present the artistic and educational activity of the Silesian Dance Theatre of the last twenty years. It first presents a choreographic portrait of J. Luminski, founder and choreographer of the Silesian Dance Theatre, the creator of the Polish contemporary dance technique. Then, this paper analyses Luminski’s dance style and reviews the Silesian Dance Theatre’s choreographic achievements. The final part of the article discusses a wide spectrum of educational activities undertaken in the field of contemporary professional dance by the Silesian Dance Theatre, and the phenomenon of theatre on the Polish stage

The theatre of dance – history of the term

Teatr tańca jest obecnie przedmiotem rozważań i dyskusji w wielu środowiskach. Gatunek ten silnie obecny we współczesnej kulturze nie został dotąd zdokumentowany ani poddany historycznej i naukowej refleksji. Autorka podejmuje taką próbę. Celem referatu jest przedstawienie znaczeniowych fluktuacji, jakim na przestrzeni XX wieku podlegał sam termin „teatru tańca”. Na wstępie autorka omawia źródła teatru tańca oraz przybliża dokonania i idee artystów, którzy na kształtowanie się tej formy sztuki widowiskowej wywarli największy wpływ. Następnie prezentuje i analizuje ważniejsze definicje tego zjawiska artystycznego funkcjonujące w historii w XX-wiecznej sztuki. Zwraca uwagę na wąskie i szerokie rozumienie tego terminu. W części tej omawia też elementy strukturalne spektakli teatru tańca. W zakończeniu zastanawia się nad obecnym rozumieniem teatru tańca oraz jego znaczeniem w sztuce współczesnej.The theatre of dance is currently the subject of reflection and discussion in numerous circles. This genre, significantly present in the modern culture, has not been yet documented nor subjected to historical and academic reflection. The author makes such an attempt The aim of the paper is the presentation of the fluctuations of meaning, which were experienced by the sole term “theatre of dance”. In the introduction the author discusses the origins of the theatre of dance and examines the achievements and ideas of the artists, who have mostly influenced the shaping of this performance art. Then, the author presents and analyzes the significant definitions of this artistic phenomenon present in the history of 20th century art. She points out to the narrow and broad understanding of this term. In this part she also discusses the structural elements of the theatre of dance performances. In the conclusion the author reflects on the current understanding of the theatre of dance and its importance in the modern art

Effect of 4-tert-octylphenol on steroid receptors expression in ovary of adult female bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus)

STRESZCZENIE W ostatnich latach dużą uwagę zwracają problemy ludzi związane ze znacznym obniżeniem płodności. Spowodowało to wzrost zainteresowania problematyką substancji chemicznych, tzw. ksenoestrogenów, które są szeroko rozpowszechnione w środowisku otaczającym człowieka i, ze względu na swój lipofilowy charakter oraz podobieństwo do estrogenów, mają zdolność do bioakumulacji i zaburzania funkcji endokrynnych. Jedną z takich substancji jest 4-tert-oktylfenol, który pochodzi z biodegradacji etoksylowanych alkilofenoli – niejonowych surfaktantów szeroko stosowanych jako detergenty. Dowiedziono, że 4-tert-oktylfenol powoduje zaburzenia w funkcjonowaniu układu rozrodczego zarówno u samców jak i u samic. W przeprowadzonym badaniu jako modelu doświadczalnego użyto dojrzałych samic nornicy rudej, która należy do ssaków rozmnażających się sezonowo . Pod wpływem 4-tert-oktylfenolu w jajnikach badanych zwierząt stwierdzono spadek ekspresji receptorów androgenowych i wzrost ekspresji receptorów estrogenowych β. 4-tert-oktylfenol powodował również, że dojrzałe pęcherzyki jajnikowe owulowały, przechodziły w cysty lub pęcherzyki luteinizujące. Zatem przeprowadzone badanie sugeruje, że związki o aktywności estrogenowej, takie jak 4-tert-oktylfenol, mogą w znaczący sposób zaburzać funkcjonowanie żeńskiego układu rozrodczego także u kobiet.ABSTRACT In recent years much attention has been paid to the issues related with significant decreased fertility in humans. It trigerred increased preoccupation of chemicals, so-called xenoestrogens, that are widely widespread in human environment and, by dint of own lipophilic and estrogen-like character, may bioaccumulate and disrupt endocrine functions. One of such chemicals is 4-tert-octylphenol, that is derived from biodegradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates – nonionic surfactants that are widely used as detergents. It was established, that 4-tert-octylphenol cause disorders in reproductive organs in males and females. In present study, adult females bank voles – seasonally breading mammals, was used as experimental model. On the strength of 4-tert-octylphenol, it was reported decreased expression of androgen receptor and increased expression of estrogen receptor β in the ovary of bank vole. 4-tert-oktylfenol provoked either, that large ovarian follicle ovulated, become cysts or luteonizing. Thus, the present study suggests that chemicals having estrogen activity may largely perturb reproductive system function either in women

Do Different Sources of Knowledge and Multiculturalism of Dental and Medical Students Affect the Level of First Aid Education? Do Medical Stereotypes Exist?

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of having various sources of information in the field of first aid on the level of knowledge of dental and medical students, as well as to recognize if medical stereotypes exist in the domain of first aid. Methods: We tested 818 Native-(N) and English (E)—speaking students of medicine (M) and dentistry (D). The questionnaire was constructed in a way that it could detect the issues which created the biggest challenges to the students. It consisted of both theoretical and clinical questions. The intention was to find out whether there were any medical stereotypes. The students were asked to provide the sources of their knowledge to each question, and information about the presence of first aid classes at school. Results: We found medical stereotypes, but only in the questions pertaining to theory: questions concerning defibrillation, opening the airway in infants and the causes of airway obstruction of an unconscious adult. Correlations were found between the sources of knowledge with answers to the questions in each group of students and between the groups. The sources of knowledge in N students came mostly from school, or the students were not able (NA) to indicate the source of knowledge, but E groups gave out of school courses, mass media and their own knowledge (or from the others), as well as NA answers. Interestingly in ED group, among other answers, students also indicated schools as a source of their knowledge. Conclusions: We confirmed that medical stereotypes among dental and medical students exist, and they were not related to multiculturalism or the use of different sources of knowledge