Stadsodlingens potential i Malmö stad

Detta arbete är en analys av stadsodlingens potential i Malmö utifrån tre aspekter: stadsodlingens bidrag till en hållbar utveckling, Malmös möjligheter till självförsörjning på grönsaker och stadsodlingens ekonomiskaförutsättningar. Stadsodlingens bidrag till en hållbar utveckling kan delas upp i sociala och ekologiska faktorer. De social faktorerna är väl dokumenterade och inkluderar bland annat ökad integration, ökad trygghet och en bättre hälsa. Den mest framstående av de ekologiska faktorerna är stadsodlingens bidrag till att minska stadens ekologiska fotavtryck. Generellt går det att säga att icke-kommersiella stadsodlingar framför allt bidrar till att öka den sociala hållbarheten medans kommersiella stadsodlingar huvudsakligen bidrar till en ökad ekologisk hållbarhet. Malmös möjligheter till självförsörjning är beräknad genom att statistik för svensk grönsakskonsumtion kombinerats med statistik för genomsnittliga skördar samt tillgängliga ytor i Malmö. Bedömningen visar att det skulle räcka med att 5% till 14% av åkermarken i kommunen användes till grönsaksodling för att staden skulle uppnå fullständig självförsörjning. Studien visar också att mellan 13% och 25% självförsörjning på grönsaker skulle kunna uppnås på de mer centralt belägna ytor som funnits odlingsbara. Dessa beräkningar är utförda både utifrån nuvarande grönsakskonsumtion och den rekommenderade grönsakskonsumtionen. Beräkningarna inkluderar också både genomsnittliga grönsaksskördar i Skåne och höjda skördar enligt biointensiva principer. Analysen av stadsodlingens ekonomiska förutsättningar inkluderar en genomgång av existerande organisationsformer samt en undersökning av marknaden för stadsodlade grönsaker. Det finns i dagsläget endast ett fåtal studier av marknaden för stadsodlade grönsaker. De studier som finns visar att de flesta stadsodlingsföretag är små och sysslar med intensiv odling med låg mekaniseringsgrad. Utifrån existerade studier av marknaden för stadsodling framstår kommersiell grönsaksodling i Malmö som potentiellt lönsam.This thesis is an analysis of urban agriculture and it's potential for the city of Malmö. The three main aspects of this analysis is: urban agriculture's potential contribution to a sustainable development, Malmö's possibilities for self sufficiency in vegetables and the economic conditions for urban agriculture. The contribution of urban agriculture towards a sustainable development can be divided into two main aspects: social and ecological factors. The social factors are well documented and consists of, among other things, better integration, a safer environment and better health. The most distinguished of the ecological factors is the contribution towards a smaller ecological footprint for the city. In general non- commercial urban agriculture mainly contribute towards a socially sustainable development while it's commercial counterpart mainly contributes towards ecological sustainability. Malmö's possibilities for self-sufficiency in vegetables were calculated by combining statistics for Swedish vegetable consumption with average yields and possible agricultural land in the municipality. These calculations show that dedicating between 5% and 14% of the agricultural land in the municipalitywould be sufficient to cover the vegetable consumption of the entire city. The study also shows that a self-sufficiency degree of 13% to 25% could be reached with only farming the more centrally located plots of land that are deemed farmable. These calculations are made using both current and recommended vegetable consumption. Calculations also includes data from both current vegetable yields from the region and yields adjusted to be in line with the higher yields possible with bio-intensive methods. The analysis of the economic conditions for urban agriculture includes an examination of existing forms of organization for urban agriculture as well as an evaluation of the market for urban agriculture. At the point at which this thesis is written only a few studies of the market for urban agriculture are made. The studies that are made show that urban agriculture-businesses are generally small companies that perform intensive agriculture on small plots. Judging from existing studies commercial urban agriculture has the potential of being a lucrative business in Malmö

Pinpointing change in virtual reality assisted treatment for violent offenders: a pilot study of Virtual Reality Aggression Prevention Training (VRAPT)

Preventing relapse into violence and its destructive consequences among persistent re-offenders is a primary concern in forensic settings. The Risk-Need-Responsivity framework models the best current practice for offender treatment, focused on building skills and changing pro-criminal cognitions. However, treatment effects are often modest, and the forensic context can obstruct the delivery of interventions. Developing treatments for offenders should focus on the best method of delivery to make “what works work.” Virtual reality (VR)-assisted treatments such as Virtual Reality Aggression Prevention Training (VRAPT) are a new and innovative approach to offender treatment. This pilot study followed 14 male violent offenders who participated in VRAPT in a Swedish prison context and measured changes from pre-treatment to post-treatment and 3-month follow-up in targeted aggression, emotion regulation, and anger. It also investigated potential impact factors (pro-criminal cognitions, externalizing behaviors, psychosocial background, and childhood adverse experiences). In Bayesian linear mixed effects models, participants showed a high probability of change from pre-treatment to post-treatment and to follow-up on all outcome measures. All outcome measures demonstrated a low probability of change from post-treatment to follow-up. Analysis of reliable change showed that participants’ results ranged from recovery to deterioration. We discuss the implications of the study for VRAPT’s impact on the target group, those who might benefit from the approach, and suggested foci for future studies in the field of VR-assisted offender treatment. The study was preregistered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number registry (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14916410)

Dubiofossils from a Mars-analogue subsurface palaeoenvironment: the limits of biogenicity criteria

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS S. M. acknowledges funding by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 747877. MI acknowledges funding from Swedish Research Council (Contract 2017-04129) and funding from the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland (20130185, 20141047) granted to Stefan Bengtson. DW acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council via a Future Fellowship (FT140100321). The authors acknowledge the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance of Microscopy Australia at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, a facility funded by the University, State and Commonwealth Governments. The chemical garden experiments were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1609495 to O.S. Chemical garden SEM measurements were carried out at the Condensed Matter and Materials Physics User Facility of Florida State University. We thank Dr. Eric Lochner for sharing his technical expertise. We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at the TOMCAT beamline X02DA of the Swiss Light Source and would like to thank Federica Marone for help at the beamline and SRXTM analyses. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. Funding information Paul Scherrer Institut, Grant/Award Number: 20130185 and 20141047; Vetenskapsrådet, Grant/Award Number: 2017-04129; Australian Research Council, Grant/Award Number: FT140100321; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Grant/Award Number: 747877; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 1609495Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Psychological factors and future performance of football players:A systematic review with meta-analysis

Objectives: This systematic review had 3 key objectives: (1) to investigate whether psychological factors were associated with future football performance ( e.g., progression to professional football, better game statistics during the next season); (2) to critically review the methodological approaches used in the included studies and summarize the evidence for the current research question; (3) to provide guidelines for future studies. Design: Systematic ReviewMethods: Electronic databases (SPORTDiscus, PubMed and PsycINFO) and previously published systematic and scoping reviews were searched. Only prospective studies were considered for inclusion. Results: Eleven published studies that reported 39 effect sizes were included. Psychological factors; task orientation, task-oriented coping strategies and perceptual-cognitive functions had small effects on future performance in football (ds = 0.20-0.29). Due to high risk of bias there were low certainty of evidence for psychological factors relationship with future football performance. Conclusions: Psychological factors investigated showed small effects on future football performance, however, there was overall uncertainty in this evidence due to various sources of bias in the included studies. Therefore psychological factors cannot be used as a sole deciding factor in player recruitment, retention, release strategies, however it would appear appropriate to include these in the overall decision-making process. Future, studies with more appropriate and robust research designs are urgently needed to provide more certainty around their actual role

‘I was young, I wanted to return to sport, and re-ruptured my ACL’ – young active female patients’ voices on the experience of sustaining an ACL re-rupture, a qualitative study

publishedVersio

Increases in bioactive IGF do not parallel increases in total IGF-I during growth hormone treatment of children born SGA.

BACKGROUND: Some children born small for gestational age (SGA) experience supra-physiological insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations during GH treatment. However, measurements of total IGF-I concentrations may not reflect the bioactive fraction of IGF-I which reaches the IGF-I receptor at target organs. We examined endogenous IGF-bioactivity using an IGF-I kinase receptor activation (KIRA) assay that measures the ability of IGF-I to activate the IGF-IR in vitro. AIM: To compare responses of bioactive IGF and total IGF-I concentrations in short GH treated SGA children in the North European Small for Gestational Age Study (NESGAS). RESULTS: Bioactive IGF increased with age in healthy pre-pubertal children (n=94). SGA children had low-normal bioactive IGF levels at baseline (-0.12 (1.8 SD), increasing significantly after one year of high-dose GH treatment to 1.1 (1.4) SD, p2SD (mean IGF-I 2.8 SDS), whereas only 15% (n=15) had levels of bioactive IGF slightly above normal reference values. At baseline, bioactive IGF (SDS) was significantly correlated to height (SDS) (r=0.29, p=0.005), in contrast to IGF-I (SDS) (r=0.17, p=0.10). IGF-I (SDS) was inversely correlated to delta height (SDS) after one year of high-dose GH treatment (r=-0.22, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: In contrast to total IGF-I concentrations, bioactive IGF stayed within the normal reference ranges for most SGA children during the first year of GH treatment

Long- term remission status in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder : Evaluating the predictive value of symptom severity after treatment

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Tryg Foundation [grant number 122892] and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)It is unknown if long-term remission for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients is associated with post-treatment OCD symptom severity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if post-treatment symptom severity cut-offs can discriminate remitters from non-remitters in pediatric OCD patients during three years of follow-up. All participants (N = 269) from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS) undergoing stepped-care treatment were included. Patients were rated with the Clinical Global Impression – Severity Scale (CGI-S) one (n = 186), two (n = 167), and three years (n = 166) after first-line cognitive-behavioral therapy. Post-treatment symptom severity scores as well as percentage reductions during treatment evaluated with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) were analyzed using receiver operating characteristics according to the CGI-S remission scores (< 2) at follow-up. Post-treatment CY-BOCS severity scores acceptably discriminated remitters from non-remitters at one-year follow-up, but poorly for the two- and three-year follow-up. Severity percentage reduction during treatment did not discriminate remission status acceptably at any follow-up point. Post-treatment OCD symptom severity status seems to have little discriminative value for long-term remission status in pediatric patients. Further research is warranted to detect post-treatment factors of prognostic value.Peer reviewe

Genetic markers of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are associated with spontaneous postnatal growth and response to growth hormone treatment in short SGA children: the North European SGA Study (NESGAS).

PURPOSE: The wide heterogeneity in the early growth and metabolism of children born small for gestational age (SGA), both before and during GH therapy, may reflect common genetic variations related to insulin secretion or sensitivity. METHOD: Combined multiallele single nucleotide polymorphism scores with known associations with insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion were analyzed for their relationships with spontaneous postnatal growth and first-year responses to GH therapy in 96 short SGA children. RESULTS: The insulin sensitivity allele score (GS-InSens) was positively associated with spontaneous postnatal weight gain (regression coefficient [B]: 0.12 SD scores per allele; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.23; P = .03) and also in response to GH therapy with first-year height velocity (B: 0.18 cm/y per allele; 95% CI, 0.02-0.35; P = .03) and change in IGF-1 (B: 0.17 SD scores per allele; 95% CI, 0.00-0.32; P = .03). The association with first-year height velocity was independent of reported predictors of response to GH therapy (adjusted P = .04). The insulin secretion allele score (GS-InSec) was positively associated with spontaneous postnatal height gain (B: 0.15; 95% CI, 0.01-0.30; P = .03) and disposition index both before (B: 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00-0.04; P = .04) and after 1 year of GH therapy (B: 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05; P = .002), but not with growth and IGF-1 responses to GH therapy. Neither of the allele scores was associated with size at birth. CONCLUSION: Genetic allele scores indicative of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were associated with spontaneous postnatal growth and responses to GH therapy in short SGA children. Further pharmacogenetic studies may support the rationale for adjuvant therapies by informing the mechanisms of treatment response.This study was funded by a research grant from The Danish Council for Independent Research/ Medical Sciences and a research grant from Novo Nordisk A/S.This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3469

Scanning, Contextual Factors, and Association With Performance in English Premier League Footballers: An Investigation Across a Season

Scanning in football (soccer) denotes an active head movement where a player’s face is temporarily directed away from the ball to gather information in preparation for subsequently engaging with the ball. The aim of this study was to learn more about the ways that 27 elite professional football players in an English Premier League club use scanning in competitive matches, the conditions under which this behavior is exhibited, and the relationships between these behaviors and performance. Players were filmed across 21 matches, producing a total number of 9,574 individual ball possessions for analysis. Close-up video analyses of scanning show positional differences (with central midfielders and central defenders scanning most frequently, forwards least) and contextual differences (with relatively lower scanning frequency in situations with tight opponent pressure, in positions wide in the field and closer to the opponent’s goal, and under certain game state conditions). Players scan more frequently prior to giving passes than when they dribble, shoot, or only receive it, as well as prior to more long/forward passes compared to short/backward ones, although these differences are small. A Bayesian hierarchical model, which accounts for individual player differences and pass difficulty, suggests that the more a player scans, the higher the probability of completing a pass. In conclusion, match demands are likely to constrain the extent to which highly elite players scan, and scanning seems to have a small, but positive role in elite football players’ performance

Inhibition of vascular calcification by inositol phosphates derivatized with ethylene glycol oligomers

Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is a natural product known to inhibit vascular calcification (VC), but with limited potency and low plasma exposure following bolus administration. Here we report the design of a series of inositol phosphate analogs as crystallization inhibitors, among which 4,6-di-O-(methoxy-diethyleneglycol)-myo-inositol-1,2,3,5-tetrakis(phosphate), (OEG &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ) &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; -IP4, displays increased in vitro activity, as well as more favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles than IP6 after subcutaneous injection. (OEG &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ) &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; -IP4 potently stabilizes calciprotein particle (CPP) growth, consistently demonstrates low micromolar activity in different in vitro models of VC (i.e., human serum, primary cell cultures, and tissue explants), and largely abolishes the development of VC in rodent models, while not causing toxicity related to serum calcium chelation. The data suggest a mechanism of action independent of the etiology of VC, whereby (OEG &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ) &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; -IP4 disrupts the nucleation and growth of pathological calcification