Andragoška podrška razvoju kompetencija kadeta vojne akademije u oblasti fizičkog vaspitanja u cilju postizanja njihovog efikasnijeg opšteg uspeha studiranja

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Cardiovascular and Economic Outcomes After Initiation of Lipid-Lowering Therapy With Atorvastatin vs Simvastatin in an Employed Population

OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of cardiovascular-related hospitalization, statin adherence, and direct (medical and drug) and indirect (disability and medically related absenteeism) costs in US employees in whom atorvastatin or simvastatin was newly prescribed

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS monitoring of stilbenes content in Vranec red wines produced with traditional and modern fermentation methods

Quantification of stilbenes was performed on Vranac wines (vintage 2008 and 2009) produced by traditional and modern fermentation methods, applying different enological additions (enzyme, oak chips and grape tannins). Stilbenes, trans-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol-3-glucoside were determined using the HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS and MS/MS technique. Trans-resveratrol ranged from 0.09 to 3.3 mg/L and the trans-resveratrol-3-glucoside was present in a range of 1.13 to 2.6 mg/L. The influence of vintage, fermentation tanks and enological additions was noticed on the content of stilbenes. Wines from vintage 2008 presented higher amount of stilbenes (on average: 1.89 mg/L) compared to the wines from 2009 (on average: 1.59 mg/L) probably because of the difference in the temperature and humidity in both years. Application of modern fermentation tanks (Sifa and Ganimede) followed by additions of enzyme, oak chips and grape tannins resulted in a higher amount of stilbenes. PCA presented grouping of wines according to the applied fermentation method

Biogenic aminies and aroma in Vranec wines from Macedonia and Montenegro and effect of malolactic fermentation on their formation

The control of biogenic amines is becoming increasingly important to the consumers and also to wine producers because of the potential risk of toxicity and the negative impact on sales, trade and export of wine. Biogenic amines are organic nitrogen compounds with low molecular weight which have different origin in the wine. They can be found in the must, can be formed by the yeast during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation and during wine aging. In this project the content of the biogenic amines and aroma profile of the wine from Vranec variety will be analyzed, produced by addition of malolactic bacteria during different stages of vinification. The analysis of biogenic amines will be performed with liquid chromatography coupled with DAD and MS detector and gas chromatography coupled with ion trap MS and QQQ MS detector. In order to determine the effect of malolactic fermentation on the content of biogenic amines, as well as, on the aroma compounds in wines, malolactic bacteria will be applied before fermentation and after the alcoholic fermentation. The following biogenic amines will be analyzed: tryptamine, putrescine, histamine, phenylethyl amine, tyramine, cadaverine, spermine and spermedine. 1,7 diaminoheptane will be used as an internal standard. The obtained results will be statistically processed, applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) in order to determine possible differences between the analyzed wines. Implementation of controlled malolactic fermentation is expected to improve aromatic profile of the wine and the overall control of the wine as well

Density Functional Theory Assessment of the Environment Polarity Effect on Polyaniline–Water Coupling

Crystallization water plays an important role in the self-organization of oligomer chains in conducting polyaniline. In order to quantify the interaction between emeraldine salt and such a water, models containing a tetramer in bipolaronic or polaronic form, chloride counterions, and an explicit water molecule are used. Different initial positions of water with respect to the oligomer chaintangential and verticalare considered. Various media are simulated by introducing an implicit solvent continuum of decreasing polarity. The DFT-D3/PCM computational approach is employed to examine the behavior of the systems in several aspectsthe role of the explicit water position and the effect of the environment polarity on the spatial structure, energetics, charge distribution, and the frontier molecular orbital energies. The strength of hydrogen bonding and the patterns of charge redistribution invoked by the water molecule are discussed. The study establishes trend lines in the variation of the molecular characteristics upon change of milieu as a tool for control of the self-assembly process. The results show that chains interact more efficiently with tangentially placed water. The influence of the environment polarity is minor and is mainly expressed in slight shortening of the intermolecular distances and mild decrease of the group charges of the system components with reduction of polarity

Characterization of individuals with osteoarthritis in the United States and their use of prescription and over-the-counter supplements.

PurposeOsteoarthritis (OA) is a frequently occurring, chronic condition; however, few studies describe the clinical characteristics of individuals with OA and the treatments they use to manage their symptoms. We conducted a study to characterize the OA population in the US and describe the nonsurgical management used by this population based on consumer research data collected through an online survey.MethodsData from the 2017 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) for adults aged ≥35 years were used to evaluate the relationship between OA and certain study participant characteristics and to identify the most commonly used treatment options. NHWS data were collected through a survey of individuals drawn from the internet panel maintained by Lightspeed Research (Bridgewater, New Jersey) and its panel partners. Weighted estimates were generated using data from the 2016 Current Population Survey (Annual Demographics File) of the US Census Bureau. Comparisons between the general and OA populations were made based on body mass index (BMI), exercise frequency, and comorbid diagnoses of hypertension or diabetes. Among the OA population, the use of dietary supplements, prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) treatments with chondroitin with or without glucosamine (Ch ± Gl), prescription treatment by time since OA diagnosis, and utilization of a physical therapist were also recorded.ResultsThe prevalence of OA in the overall population was 17.6 % and was higher for individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 (21.9 %), patients diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes (36.2 %), and those who did not exercise regularly (19.0 %). Adults without OA were more likely to exercise regularly (12 days per month or more) than adults diagnosed with OA. Ch ± Gl (6.0 %) was the most commonly used OTC dietary supplement in the OA population, followed by omega-3 fatty acids (2.8 %), vitamin D (1.9 %), calcium (1.1 %), and multivitamins (0.7 %). Individuals using Ch ± Gl were more likely to use OTC only products (75.4 % vs 37.3 %) or prescription medications, namely non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or opioids, and OTC products (24.6 % vs 13.0 %) compared with individuals not using Ch ± Gl, while individuals not using Ch ± Gl were more likely to be untreated (30.3 % vs 0) or to use prescription medications only (19.4 % vs 0). Nearly 32 % of individuals with OA reported using prescription treatments, and the likelihood of using a prescription treatment increased with number of years since OA diagnosis (<3 years: 27.5 %; ≥21 years: 32.5 %). The pharmaceutical products used by this population primarily consisted of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen and opioids. Approximately 13 % of patients with OA had visited a physical therapist in the past 6 months.ConclusionsThe prevalence of OA was higher in those with a high BMI, and comorbid diabetes or hypertension. Individuals with OA using Ch ± Gl primarily reported use of OTC products only or used them in combination with prescription products. The likelihood of using prescription products increased with the length of OA history. These data provide valuable new information about demographics, clinical characteristics, and commonly used prescription and OTC treatments and dietary supplements in the OA population

Characterization of individuals with osteoarthritis in the United States and their use of prescription and over-the-counter supplements.

PurposeOsteoarthritis (OA) is a frequently occurring, chronic condition; however, few studies describe the clinical characteristics of individuals with OA and the treatments they use to manage their symptoms. We conducted a study to characterize the OA population in the US and describe the nonsurgical management used by this population based on consumer research data collected through an online survey.MethodsData from the 2017 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) for adults aged ≥35 years were used to evaluate the relationship between OA and certain study participant characteristics and to identify the most commonly used treatment options. NHWS data were collected through a survey of individuals drawn from the internet panel maintained by Lightspeed Research (Bridgewater, New Jersey) and its panel partners. Weighted estimates were generated using data from the 2016 Current Population Survey (Annual Demographics File) of the US Census Bureau. Comparisons between the general and OA populations were made based on body mass index (BMI), exercise frequency, and comorbid diagnoses of hypertension or diabetes. Among the OA population, the use of dietary supplements, prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) treatments with chondroitin with or without glucosamine (Ch ± Gl), prescription treatment by time since OA diagnosis, and utilization of a physical therapist were also recorded.ResultsThe prevalence of OA in the overall population was 17.6 % and was higher for individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 (21.9 %), patients diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes (36.2 %), and those who did not exercise regularly (19.0 %). Adults without OA were more likely to exercise regularly (12 days per month or more) than adults diagnosed with OA. Ch ± Gl (6.0 %) was the most commonly used OTC dietary supplement in the OA population, followed by omega-3 fatty acids (2.8 %), vitamin D (1.9 %), calcium (1.1 %), and multivitamins (0.7 %). Individuals using Ch ± Gl were more likely to use OTC only products (75.4 % vs 37.3 %) or prescription medications, namely non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or opioids, and OTC products (24.6 % vs 13.0 %) compared with individuals not using Ch ± Gl, while individuals not using Ch ± Gl were more likely to be untreated (30.3 % vs 0) or to use prescription medications only (19.4 % vs 0). Nearly 32 % of individuals with OA reported using prescription treatments, and the likelihood of using a prescription treatment increased with number of years since OA diagnosis (<3 years: 27.5 %; ≥21 years: 32.5 %). The pharmaceutical products used by this population primarily consisted of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen and opioids. Approximately 13 % of patients with OA had visited a physical therapist in the past 6 months.ConclusionsThe prevalence of OA was higher in those with a high BMI, and comorbid diabetes or hypertension. Individuals with OA using Ch ± Gl primarily reported use of OTC products only or used them in combination with prescription products. The likelihood of using prescription products increased with the length of OA history. These data provide valuable new information about demographics, clinical characteristics, and commonly used prescription and OTC treatments and dietary supplements in the OA population

Economic Burden of Epilepsy among the Privately Insured in the US

Background: The direct cost burden of epilepsy in the US from a third-party payer perspective has not been evaluated. Furthermore, no study has quantified the indirect (work-loss) cost burden of epilepsy from an employer perspective in the US. Objective: To assess the annual direct costs for privately insured US patients diagnosed with epilepsy, and indirect costs for a subset of employees from an employer perspective. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a claims database for the privately insured, including employee disability claims from 1999 through 2005 and comprising 17 US companies, was conducted. A total of 4323 patients aged 16-64 years (including 1886 employees) with at least one epilepsy diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, Clinical Modification &lsqb;ICD-9-CM&rsqb; code 345.x) over the period 1999-2004 were included. The control group was a demographically matched cohort of randomly chosen beneficiaries without an epilepsy diagnosis. All had continuous health coverage during 2004 (baseline) and 2005 (study period). Main outcome measures included annual direct (medical and pharmaceutical) costs and, for employees, indirect (disability and medically related absenteeism) and total costs for the study period. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for univariate comparisons of annual direct costs, indirect costs (costs for the subset of employees with these data), and total (direct and indirect) costs during the study period. Two-part multivariate models that adjusted for patient characteristics were also used to compare costs between the study and control groups. Results: Patients with epilepsy were an average age of 43 years and 57% were female. They had more co-morbidities than controls. On average, direct annual costs were significantly higher per patient with epilepsy than per control (&dollar;US10 258 vs &dollar;US3862, respectively; p < 0.0001) &lsqb;year 2005 values&rsqb;, with an annual per-patient difference of &dollar;US6396. Epilepsy-related costs (&dollar;US2057) accounted for 20% of direct costs for patients with epilepsy. Annual indirect costs were significantly higher for employees with epilepsy than for employed controls (&dollar;US3192 vs &dollar;US1242, respectively; p < 0.0001), with a difference of &dollar;US1950. Total direct plus indirect costs for employees with epilepsy were also higher than those for employed controls (&dollar;US13 595 vs &dollar;US5338, respectively; p < 0.0001), with a difference of &dollar;US8257. Conclusions: Epilepsy was associated with significant economic burden. The excess direct costs in patients with epilepsy are underestimated when only epilepsy-related costs are considered.Cost-of-illness, Epilepsy, treatment.