Valorização do resíduo areia de fundição (RAF): incorporação nas massas asfálticas do tipo C.B.U.Q

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Este estudo analisa a possibilidade do reaproveitamento do resíduos areia de fundição, nas massas asfálticas tipo CBUQ. O presente trabalho também busca estimular empresários e administradores do setor produtivo da indústria de fundição, quando da impossibilidade do reaproveitamento dos seus resíduos dentro do seu setor produtivo, a possibilidade de reaproveitá-lo em outros setores ou produtos, tornando viável o desenvolvimento sustentável, tentando harmonizar os três componentes, crescimento econômico, equidade social e qualidade ambiental. Foram coletadas amostras de resíduo areia de fundição durante um certo período, em duas linhas de produção de uma empresa de fundição da cidade de Caxias do Sul. Com o material coletado foi dimensionado um traço asfáltico de Concreto Betuminoso Usina a quente, incorporado com o resíduo areia de fundição, de modo que atendesse as faixas granulométricas e as normas de dimensionamento dos pavimentos flexíveis. Entre as conclusões possíveis de se formular com base nos resultados do trabalho, pode-se destacar algumas como mais importante e significativas. A primeira conclusão diz respeito ao alcance pleno do objetivo geral do trabalho - determinar um traço de massa asfáltica em Concreto Betuminoso Usinado a quente, incorporando os resíduos areias de fundição, como alternativa de proteção ao meio ambiente. A pesquisa de dimensionamento de um traço asfáltico tipo CBUQ, mostrou-se adequado ao que foi estabelecido pelo objetivo geral e pelos objetivos específicos, conforme demonstram os resultados e discussões acerca do dimensionamento de pavimentos flexíveis pelo método Marshall. Em razão aos resultados obtidos nos ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização, onde foi comparado os resíduos areia de fundição e após estes incorporados no CBUQ, também conclui-se que o material asfáltico (Cimento asfáltico de Petróleo- CAP 20), envolve os agregados da mistura, impossibilitando de serem liberados a meio ambiente. Devido a isto, este estudo conclui ser uma proposta viável a incorporação dos resíduos areia de fundição nos CBUQs, como uma forma de proteção ao meio ambiente

Hydration of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol in a hybrid reactive distillation with a side decanter

Nowadays, more than 1 Mt of cyclohexanol is produced each year by the direct hydration of cyclohexene according to the patented Asahi process proposed in 1990. The Asahi process involves a reactor and a separation system to recover the reactants back to the reactor and collect the pure product. The non-reacted water is recovered in a decanter and the non-reacted cyclohexene in a distillation column. Nowadays, many processes have been successfully intensified, combining several unit operations into a single unit providing savings in units, piping and often also in energy due to the synergies generated. Examples of these synergies are: the continuous removal of products push forward the reaction to total conversion overcoming the chemical equilibrium limitations; the catalyst placed in the rectifying section of the column becomes protected from heavy compounds that could poison or deactivate the catalyst; the enthalpy of reaction is directly used in the separation; the boiling point of the mixture avoids hot spots that could damage the catalyst, etc. Although its advantages, it is not widely used in the industry and further study on intensification providing further successful examples are required. The present study shows by rigorous simulation with Aspen Plus V9.0 that the Asahi process is a good candidate to be intensified in a single unit. The rigorous simulation results show that cyclohexanol is collected with a molar fraction purity of 0.9999 at the bottoms of a hybrid reactive distillation column with 11 equilibrium stages operated at total reflux, i.e. total conversion of reactants. The water is fed at the top to stage 1 and the cyclohexene on stage 3, both in equimolar flow rate. The catalyst is only placed in these three stages at the column top. A side stream from stage 6 is fed to a side decanter, where the aqueous phase is recycled to the column top (stage 1) and the organic phase to the next bottom stage, i.e. stage 7. As in the Asahi process, a great excess of water is present to push the reaction equilibrium forward. Hence, the molar ratio of water recycled vs feed to the system is of 125. The reboiler duty is 197 kJ/mol of cyclohexene, and the condenser duty is 564 kJ/mol cyclohexene due to the exothermic reaction. Therefore, a novel intensified process scheme for cyclohexene hydration is proposed

Effect of long-lasting voluntary physical activity on noxious stimulus-induced antinociception in mice

Orientadores: Cláudia Herrera Tambeli, César Renato SartoriTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Enquanto o exercício físico agudo induz antinocicepção por aumentar a atividade do sistema opióide endógeno, exercício físico regular diminui a antinocicepção induzida pela morfina devido a tolerância cruzada entre opióides endógenos e exógenos... O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: While acute exercise induces antinociception through an increased activity of the endogenous opioid system, regular exercise decreases morphine-induced antinociception probably due to a cross-tolerance between endogenous and exogenous opioids... The abstract is available with the full electronic documentDoutoradoFisiologiaDoutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular23038.013648/2018-51CAPE

The hegemony of hotels. The role of the State in the reactivation of the profit rate of hotels after the 2008 crisis

Se analiza el ejercicio de la hegemonía empresarial hotelera para reactivar su tasa de beneficios tras la crisis de 2008. El Estado –la administración autonómica- apoyó normativamente obras y reformas hoteleras antes prohibidas, abandonando el “contencionismo” y dispensándolas del cumplimiento de ciertos parámetros normativos. Este respaldo de la regulación pública burla la preservación de los principios de igualdad o de prohibición de la arbitrariedad mediante el alegato a la superación de la crisis, desestacionalizar y a la mejora de la sostenibilidad, la accesibilidad y la seguridad. La metodología de trabajo ha consistido en el análisis de la flexibilización normativa en las Islas Baleares y estadístico y cartográfico de los datos disponibles sobre las obras de reforma y ampliación de los hoteles de Mallorca (2009-2021). Los resultados demuestran que el capital fijo inmobiliario de la industria turística de Mallorca se ha renovado y ampliado, con un aumento de 19.434 plazas entre 2010 y 2021 (superior al registrado entre 1999 y 2010, de 16.117 plazas), y el incremento de categorías e inversión en obras de nueva planta y reformas. Dichos proyectos de reforma y ampliación se concentraron en los resorts de sol y playa y la ciudad histórica de Palma. El relanzamiento del ciclo turístico fue acompañado de la rentabilidad en términos de RevPar y de revalorización del capital hotelero. Es decir, se refleja un claro vínculo entre el circuito primario y el secundario.The exercising of the hegemony of hotels is analyzed to reactivate their profit rate after the 2008 crisis. The State (regional administration) normatively supported previously prohibited hotel works and reforms, abandoning "contentionism" and exempting them from complying with certain regulatory parameters. This support of public regulation circumvents the preservation of the principles of equality or the prohibition of arbitrariness by alleging to overcome the crisis, deseasonalize and improve sustainability, accessibility and safety. Our methodology consists in analyzing the regulatory flexibility in the Balearic Islands and the statistical and cartographic analysis of the available data on the renovation and expansion works of the hotels in Mallorca (2009-2021). The results show that the real estate fixed capital of the tourism industry in Mallorca has been renewed and expanded, with an increase of 19,434 places between 2010 and 2021 (higher than that 16,117 places registered between 1999 and 2010), and an increase in categories and investment in new constructions and reforms. These renovation and expansion projects are focused on the sun and beach tourist resorts and the historic city of Palma. The relaunch of the tourism cycle was accompanied by profitability in terms of RevPar and revaluation of hotel capital. In other words, a clear link is reflected between the primary and secondary circuits.Esta publicación es parte del proyecto de I+D+i RTI2018-094844-B-C31 financiado/a por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y por “FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa”, con el apoyo también de la Comunidad Autónoma de las Islas Baleares, a través de la Dirección General de Política Universitaria e Investigación con fondos de la Ley 2/2016, de 30 de marzo, del impuesto sobre estancias turísticas en las Islas Baleares y de medidas de impulso del turismo sostenible (PPDR2020/82 - ITS2017-006)

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Cervical Premalignant Lesions in Women 25-65 Years Attending ynaecology Clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital

The prevalence of cervical premalignant lesions and factors associated with progression into cervical cancer are poorly documented in Uganda. Knowledge of those at risk is mandatory to guide clinical practice and preventive policy formulation. In this Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study of consecutively recruited participants, we determined the prevalence and factors associated with cervical premalignant lesions amongst women aged 25-65 years attending the gynecology clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, using investigator administered survey questionnaire between February 2017 and May 2017. We cystopathologically analyzed Pap smear samples obtained from study participants for positivity and grades of cervical premalignant lesions. We then conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses using STATA 14.0, to determine factors significantly associated with positivity and different grades of cervical premalignant lesions. Ethical clearance was obtained from Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research and Ethics Committee (IRB N0. 09/10-16).Of 315, cervical premalignant lesions were prevalent in 22% (n=69) with high grade squamous intra epithelial lesions (HSIL) comprising 13%. Those with history of tobacco smoking were twice more likely to test positive for cervical premalignant lesions (aPR 2.12; 95% CI [1.03-4.39]). Females who had ever screened before for cervical premalignant lesions were 1.7 times more likely to turn out positive compared to those who had never (aPR 1.71; 95%CI [1.01- 2.91]). Participants with presumed financial ability to pay for a pap test were 65% less likely to test positive for cervical premalignant lesions as compared to those who were financially not able to pay for pap test (aPR 0.35; 95% CI [0.15-0.83]. The prevalence of cervical premalignant lesions of 22% was higher compared to that reported in earlier studies. Tobacco smoking and prior history of screening were independent factors significantly associated with positivity for cervical premalignant lesions. Government and stakeholders should incorporate cessation of tobacco smoking campaigns into cervical cancer screening programs and prioritize the poor who cannot afford the Pap test.</p

People's Values and Preferences about Meat Consumption in View of the Potential Environmental Impacts of Meat : A Mixed-methods Systematic Review

Health is not the only aspect people consider when choosing to consume meat; environmental concerns about the impact of meat (production and distribution) can influence people's meat choices. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review, searched six databases from inception to June 2020, and synthesised our findings into narrative forms. We integrated the evidence from quantitative and qualitative data sets into joint displays and assessed the confidence in the evidence for each review finding following the GRADE-CERQual approach. Results: Of the 23,531 initial records, we included 70 studies: 56 quantitative, 12 qualitative, and 2 mixed-methods studies. We identified four main themes: (1) reasons for eating meat; (2) reasons for avoiding meat; (3) willingness to change meat consumption; and (4) willingness to pay more for environmentally friendly meat. The overall confidence was low for the reasons for eating and/or buying meat, for avoiding meat, and for willingness to change meat consumption, and was moderate for willingness to pay more for environmentally friendly meat. Conclusions: Regardless of people's general beliefs about meat and its impact on the environment, most people may be unwilling to change their meat consumption. Future research should address the current limitations of the research evidence to assess whether people are willing to make a change when properly informed

Healthcare providers' adherence to breast cancer guidelines in Europe : a systematic literature review

Clinical guidelines' (CGs) adherence supports high-quality care. However, healthcare providers do not always comply with CGs recommendations. This systematic literature review aims to assess the extent of healthcare providers' adherence to breast cancer CGs in Europe and to identify the factors that impact on healthcare providers' adherence. We searched for systematic reviews and quantitative or qualitative primary studies in MEDLINE and Embase up to May 2019. The eligibility assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by one author and cross-checked by a second author. We conducted a narrative synthesis attending to the modality of the healthcare process, methods to measure adherence, the scope of the CGs, and population characteristics. Out of 8137 references, we included 41 primary studies conducted in eight European countries. Most followed a retrospective cohort design (19/41; 46%) and were at low or moderate risk of bias. Adherence for overall breast cancer care process (from diagnosis to follow-up) ranged from 54 to 69%; for overall treatment process [including surgery, chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and radiotherapy (RT)] the median adherence was 57.5% (interquartile range (IQR) 38.8-67.3%), while for systemic therapy (CT and ET) it was 76% (IQR 68-77%). The median adherence for the processes assessed individually was higher, ranging from 74% (IQR 10-80%), for the follow-up, to 90% (IQR 87-92.5%) for ET. Internal factors that potentially impact on healthcare providers' adherence were their perceptions, preferences, lack of knowledge, or intentional decisions. A substantial proportion of breast cancer patients are not receiving CGs-recommended care. Healthcare providers' adherence to breast cancer CGs in Europe has room for improvement in almost all care processes. CGs development and implementation processes should address the main factors that influence healthcare providers' adherence, especially patient-related ones. Registration:: PROSPERO (CRD42018092884)

Adherence to breast cancer guidelines is associated with better survival outcomes : A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in EU countries

Breast cancer (BC) clinical guidelines offer evidence-based recommendations to improve quality of healthcare for patients with or at risk of BC. Suboptimal adherence to recommendations has the potential to negatively affect population health. However, no study has systematically reviewed the impact of BC guideline adherence -as prognosis factor- on BC healthcare processes and health outcomes. The objectives are to analyse the impact of guideline adherence on health outcomes and on healthcare costs. We searched systematic reviews and primary studies in MEDLINE and Embase, conducted in European Union (EU) countries (inception to May 2019). Eligibility assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by one author and crosschecked by a second. We used random-effects meta-analyses to examine the impact of guideline adherence on overall survival and disease-free survival, and assessed certainty of evidence using GRADE. We included 21 primary studies. Most were published during the last decade (90%), followed a retrospective cohort design (86%), focused on treatment guideline adherence (95%), and were at low (80%) or moderate (20%) risk of bias. Nineteen studies (95%) examined the impact of guideline adherence on health outcomes, while two (10%) on healthcare cost. Adherence to guidelines was associated with increased overall survival (HR = 0.67, 95%CI 0.59-0.76) and disease-free survival (HR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.15-0.82), representing 138 more survivors (96 more to 178 more) and 336 patients free of recurrence (73 more to 491 more) for every 1000 women receiving adherent CG treatment compared to those receiving non-adherent treatment at 5 years follow-up (moderate certainty). Adherence to treatment guidelines was associated with higher costs, but adherence to follow-up guidelines was associated with lower costs (low certainty). Our review of EU studies suggests that there is moderate certainty that adherence to BC guidelines is associated with an improved survival. BC guidelines should be rigorously implemented in the clinical setting. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42018092884)

Efeito heterótico sobre o desempenho e medidas corporais de novilhos confinados

The objective of this study was to evaluate the heterotic effect on performance and body measurements of Charolais (Ch) and Nellore (Ne) steers and crossbreeds from the fifth (21/32Ch 11/32Ne; 21/32Ne 11/32Ch) e sixth (43/64Ch 21/64Ne; 43/64Ne 21/64Ch) generation, feedlot finished. For initial weight, the heterotic effect was 45.9 and 39.1 kg in the fifth and sixth generation, and 41.6 and 38.1 kg for the fi nal weight, respectively, in the same order. For the average daily gain, the heterotic effect was significant in the fifth generation (0.18 kg). Heterotic effect was observed in the initial rump height in the fifth generation (6.14 cm), and in the fifth and sixth generation on final rump height, with values of 5.57 and 4.75 cm, respectively, taking into account the heterotic effect. In relation to withers height, the heterotic effect was significant on fifth and sixth generations for the initial measurement, 7.36 and 7.12 cm, respectively, and finally, 5.19 and 4.33 cm, in the same order, and on withers growth on sixth generation (-2,79 cm). For the initial length, the heterotic effect was 7.60 and 5.72 in the fifth and sixth generations, and negative in fifth (-5.29 cm) and sixth (-3.75 cm) generations for the length of growth. For thoracic perimeter, on initial measurement heterotic effect was observed on both generations, being 10.2 cm on the fifth and 8.05 on the sixth generation, however for the final measurement the heterotic effect was significant only on the fifth generation (6.00 cm). The initial measurement with the highest correlation with the average daily gain was the length (r=0.47; p=0.0007), and with the final weight was the thoracic perimeter (r=0.89; p&lt;0,0001).Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito heterótico sobre o desempenho e medidas corporais de novilhos do cruzamento entre as raças Charolês (Ch) e Nelore (Ne) e cruzados entre essas raças de quinta (21/32Ch 11/32Ne; 21/32Ne 11/32Ch) e sexta (43/64Ch 21/64Ne; 43/64Ne 21/64Ch) gerações, terminados em confinamento. Para o peso inicial, o efeito heterótico foi de 45,9 e 39,1 kg na quinta e sexta gerações, respectivamente, e de 41,6 e 38,1 kg para o peso final, na quinta e sexta gerações, citados na mesma ordem. Para o ganho médio diário, o efeito heterótico foi significativo na quinta geração do cruzamento (0,18 kg). Houve efeito heterótico para a altura de cernelha inicial na quinta geração (6,14 cm), e na quinta e sexta gerações na medida final de altura de cernelha, com valores de 5,57 e 4,75 cm, respectivamente. Com relação à altura de garupa, o efeito heterótico foi significativo na quinta e sexta gerações para as medidas iniciais, 7,36 e 7,12 cm e final, 5,19 e 4,33 cm, respectivamente, citados na mesma ordem, e para ganho em altura de garupa na sexta geração (-2,79 cm). Para comprimento inicial, o efeito heterótico foi, respectivamente, de 7,60 e 5,72 cm na quinta e sexta gerações, e negativo na quinta (-5,29 cm) e na sexta (-3,75 cm) gerações para o ganho em comprimento. Para as mensurações do perímetro torácico, na medida inicial houve efeito heterótico em ambas as gerações avaliadas, sendo de 10,2 cm na quinta geração e 8,05 cm na sexta geração, ao passo que para a medida fi nal o efeito heterótico foi significativo apenas na quinta geração (6,00 cm). A medida inicial melhor correlacionada ao ganho médio diário de peso foi o comprimento, com r=0,47 e p=0,0007, e com o peso final o perímetro torácico (r=0,89; p&lt;0,0001)