Correlatos de personalidad y de diabetes tipo 1 en la muestra representativa nacional

We examined cross-sectional relationships between personality traits and type 1 diabetes. The sample (N=8490) was taken from the 1982-84 wave of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiological Follow-up Study. We fit three logistic regression models to test whether neuroticism, extraversion, openness, or the Type A behavior pattern were associated with type 1 diabetes. Model 1 included sex, age, race/ethnicity and all four personality traits. Model 2 added depressive symptoms. Model 3 added body mass index, hypertension, and cigarette smoking status. Results regarding personality traits were consistent across all three models: higher neuroticism was associated with 39% higher chance of having type 1 diabetes per standard deviation increase and openness was associated with 26% decrease in that chance per standard deviation increase. Extraversion, and Type A personality were not associated with type 1 diabetes in our models.Examinamos relaciones transversales entre los rasgos de personalidad y la diabetes tipo 1. Se tomó la muestra (N=8490) de la ola 1982-84 de la Encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición (Encuesta de Seguimiento Epidemiológico). Usamos tres modelos de regresión logística para examinar si el neuroticismo, extraversión, franqueza o patrón de conducta tipo A estaban relacionados con la diabetes tipo 1. Modelo 1 incluía sexo, edad, raza/etnicidad y los cuatro rasgos de personalidad. Modelo 2 añadió síntomas de depresión. Modelo 3 añadió índice de masa corporal, hipertensión y hábito de fumar. Los resultados respecto a los rasgos de personalidad eran consistentes en todos los tres modelos: el neuroticismo más alto se relacionaba con la posibilidad 39% más alta por incremento de la desviación estándar de tener la diabetes tipo 1 y la franqueza se relacionaba con la disminución de 26% por incremento de la desviación estándar en esta ocasión. La extraversión y personalidad tipo A no se relacionaban con la diabetes en nuestros modelos

Personality correlates of type 1 diabetes in a national representative sample

<p>We examined cross-sectional relationships between personality traits and type 1 diabetes. The sample (<em>n</em>=8490) was taken from the 1982-84 wave of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiological Follow-up Study. We fit three logistic regression models to test whether neuroticism, extraversion, openness, or the Type A behavior pattern were associated with type 1 diabetes. Model 1 included sex, age, race/ethnicity and all four personality traits. Model 2 added depressive symptoms. Model 3 added body mass index, hypertension, and cigarette smoking status. Results regarding personality traits were consistent across all three models: higher neuroticism was associated with 39% higher chance of having type 1 diabetes per standard deviation increase and openness was associated with 26% decrease in that chance per standard deviation increase. Extraversion, and Type A personality were not associated with type 1 diabetes in our models.</p

Cross-sectional associations between personality traits and device-based measures of step count and sedentary behaviour in older age: the Lothian birth cohort 1936

BACKGROUND: While the associations between personality traits and self-reported physical activity are well replicated, few studies have examined the associations between personality and device-based measures of both physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviour are known risk factors for poorer health outcomes in older age. METHODS: We used device-based measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviour recorded over 7 days in 271 79-year-old participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Linear regression models were used to assess whether personality traits were cross-sectionally associated with step count, sedentary time, and the number of sit-to-stand transitions. Personality traits were entered one at a time, and all-together, controlling for age and sex in Model 1 and additionally for BMI and limiting long-term illness in Model 2. RESULTS: None of the associations between personality traits and measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviours remained significant after controlling for multiple-comparisons using the False Discovery Rate test (all ps > .07). CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that personality traits are associated with device-based measures of physical activity or sedentary behaviour in older age. More studies are needed to replicate and examine the nature of these relationships

METHODOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING - ANALYSIS OF THREE METHODOLOGICAL MODELS IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE

Architecture reflect itself since Vitruvius, but it is difficult to define its epistemological base, so interpretations are sometimes developed in other disciplines. Thinking architecture is about reflection and extension of architectural concepts, cultural practices, and interrelated areas of art, philosophy, politics, etc. Methods of research and interpretation of architectural phenomena and actions belong to different sciences. Incompleteness of understanding is obvious, and it points us toward a paradigm of complex thinking. Understanding the art, including architectural themes and the phenomenon, is originated in the history of art and aesthetics. Although psychology and philosophy in the world of phenomena, carry over as a scientific discipline, we do not fully reveal the character of space and the kind of phenomena in it. Contemporary theoretical field of architecture is largely a product of postmodern architectural thought. This paper examines the position from which to build a modern architectural phenomenological opinion through three methodological models - creative, emotional and rational. This research should contribute to the way of understanding contemporary architectural phenomenon, with the intention of providing a general level of credibility and understanding in order to open the possibility of methodological application for a specific job or field

The influence of neighbourhoods and the social environment on sedentary behaviour in older adults in three prospective cohorts

Sedentary behaviour is an emerging risk factor for poor health. This study aimed to identify ecological determinants of sedentary behaviour, for which evidence is currently scarce. The analysed participants were community dwelling adults aged around 79, 83, and 64 years from, respectively, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n=271) and the 1930s (n=119) and 1950s (n=310) cohorts of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study. The outcome measure, percentage of waking time spent sedentary (sedentary time), was measured using an activPAL activity monitor worn continuously for seven days. Potential determinants included objective and subjective neighbourhood measures such as natural space, crime, social cohesion and fear of crime. Other determinants included measures of social participation such as social support, social group membership and providing care. Results from multivariable regression analyses indicated that providing care was associated with reduced sedentary time in retired participants in all cohorts. Fear of crime and perceived absence of services were associated with increased sedentary time for retired 1950s cohort members. Higher crime rates were associated with increased sedentary time in all cohorts but this was not significant after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics. Most other neighbourhood and social participation measures showed no association with sedentary time

Importance of modelling decisions on estimating trajectories of depressive symptoms and co-morbid conditions in older adults: Longitudinal studies from ten European countries

BackgroundInternational comparisons of trajectories of depressive symptoms in older adults are scarce and longitudinal associations with co-morbid conditions not fully understood.ObjectiveTo compare trajectories of depressive symptoms from participants living in 10 European Countries and identify ages at which the associations of co-morbid conditions with these trajectories become more relevant.MethodsLatent growth curve models were fitted to depressive symptoms scores from participants of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) initiative (combined n = 21,253) and co-morbid conditions modelled as time varying covariates. To identify the ages at which the association between co-morbid conditions and depressive symptoms was significant the Johnson-Neyman (JN) technique was used.ResultsThe shape of depressive symptoms trajectories varied between countries, and was highly dependent on modelling decisions. The association between the average number of co-morbidities reported over time and depressive symptoms was consistent and positive across countries and ages.ConclusionInternational differences in ageing-related trajectories of depressive symptoms emerged. The longitudinal association of co-morbid conditions with trajectories of depressive symptoms was found, but the results overall suggest that modelling decisions could greatly influence the outcomes, and should thus be interpreted with caution

Statistical methods for dementia risk prediction and recommendations for future work: A systematic review

International audienceINTRODUCTION:Numerous dementia risk prediction models have been developed in the past decade. However, methodological limitations of the analytical tools used may hamper their ability to generate reliable dementia risk scores. We aim to review the used methodologies.METHODS:We systematically reviewed the literature from March 2014 to September 2018 for publications presenting a dementia risk prediction model. We critically discuss the analytical techniques used in the literature.RESULTS:In total 137 publications were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three techniques were identified as the most commonly used methodologies: machine learning, logistic regression, and Cox regression.DISCUSSION:We identified three major methodological weaknesses: (1) over-reliance on one data source, (2) poor verification of statistical assumptions of Cox and logistic regression, and (3) lack of validation. The use of larger and more diverse data sets is recommended. Assumptions should be tested thoroughly, and actions should be taken if deviations are detected

Cognitive ability does not predict objectively measured sedentary behaviour: evidence from three older cohorts

Higher cognitive ability is associated with being more physically active. Much less is known about the associations between cognitive ability and sedentary behavior. Ours is the first study to examine whether historic and contemporaneous cognitive ability predicts objectively measured sedentary behavior in older age. Participants were drawn from 3 cohorts (Lothian Birth Cohort, 1936 [LBC1936] [n = 271]; and 2 West of Scotland Twenty-07 cohorts: 1950s [n = 310] and 1930s [n = 119]). Regression models were used to assess the associations between a range of cognitive tests measured at different points in the life course, with sedentary behavior in older age recorded over 7 days. Prior simple reaction time (RT) was significantly related to later sedentary time in the youngest, Twenty-07 1950s cohort (p = .04). The relationship was nonsignificant after controlling for long-standing illness or employment status, or after correcting for multiple comparisons in the initial model. None of the cognitive measures were related to sedentary behavior in either of the 2 older cohorts (LBC1936, Twenty-07 1930s). There was no association between any of the cognitive tests and the number of sit-to-stand transitions in any of the 3 cohorts. The meta-analytic estimates for the measures of simple and choice RT that were identical in all cohorts (n = 700) were also not significant. In conclusion, we found no evidence that objectively measured sedentary time in older adults is associated with measures of cognitive ability at different time points in life, including cognitive change from childhood to older age

Conditioning on a collider may or may not explain the relationship between lower neuroticism and premature mortality in Gale et al. (2017):A reply to Richardson, Davey Smith, and Munafó (2018)

In their Commentary, Richardson, Davey Smith, and Munafó (2018) note that our findings of a health-protective effect of neuroticism could be due to our conditioning on a collider (self-rated health). They conducted exploratory analyses on 18 covariates and found evidence in support of this interpretation. However, in our paper and this Reply, we carried out analyses that suggested that the health-protective effects of neuroticism were attributable to a neuroticism facet related to worry and vulnerability These analyses did not condition upon self-rated health or other possible colliders. As such, our results suggest that self-rated health may have been a suppressor variable. This interpretation is consistent with previous findings. Future studies will reveal whether self-rated health is a collider, a suppressor, or both. Until then, however, these results and those of our earlier study recommend an in-depth study of the mortality and neuroticism at the level of facets