Higher Order Approximation to the Hill Problem Dynamics about the Libration Points

An analytical solution to the Hill problem Hamiltonian expanded about the libration points has been obtained by means of perturbation techniques. In order to compute the higher orders of the perturbation solution that are needed to capture all the relevant periodic orbits originated from the libration points within a reasonable accuracy, the normalization is approached in complex variables. The validity of the solution extends to energy values considerably far away from that of the libration points and, therefore, can be used in the computation of Halo orbits as an alternative to the classical Lindstedt-Poincar\'e approach. Furthermore, the theory correctly predicts the existence of the two-lane bridge of periodic orbits linking the families of planar and vertical Lyapunov orbits.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure

On the Dynamics of Globalization

How has the process of international economic integration advanced over the last four decades? How will the foreseeable future look like? We attempt to answer this sort of questions by considering some methods which have scarcely been used in the literature on globalization. First, we consider a set of indicators which measure not only the degree of openness of economies, but also how connected they are to each other, following Arribas et al. (2007). Second, we assess how these indicators have evolved over time, what the likely steady state distribution might be, and whether results differ depending on a variety of weighting schemes (GDP, population). Results show that, under current trends, the future world will be much more integrated, especially for the most heavily populated countries. However, there is still a long way to go before the Standard of Perfect International Integration can be achieved.International Economic Integration, Globalization, International Trade, Network Analysis, Distribution Dynamics

Andalusian and christian raids through the southern side of the Duero valley. A quantitative study

El presente estudio analiza cuantitativamente las expediciones que atravesaron la mitad sur del valle del Duero o se dirigieron contra poblaciones situadas en ese espacio geográfico, durante los siglos VIII-XI, tras un seguimiento exhaustivo de las fuentes cronísticas medievales sobre Hispania, tanto musulmanas como cristianas. En estos movimientos de tropas, realizados por diversos puntos de entrada y de salida, se distinguen aquellos acaudillados por generales de al-Ándalus (valiato, emirato, califato y reinos de taifas) como los guiados por oficiales militares de poderes del cuadrante noroccidental hispánico (Asturias, León y Castilla). Asimismo, estas aceifas se contextualizan con los avatares históricos de las entidades políticas musulmanas y cristianas y con la situación diplomática desarrollada entre sí. Por último, se muestra el sistema de conformación de expediciones militares y la participación en él de las poblaciones de la mitad sur del valle del Duero.This study analyzes quantitatively the expeditions which went through the southern side of the Duero Valley or marched to locations placed on that geographical area, during the 8th – 11th centuries, after an exhaustive reading of the medieval chronicles about Spain, both Muslim and Christian ones. These troop movements, with different entry and exit points, can be divided in the ones leaded by generals of al-Andalus (Wilayah, Emirate, and Taifa kingdoms) an those commanded by military officials of powers of the Spanish north-western quadrant (Asturias, Leon and Castile). In addition, these raids are contextualized with the own historical events of the Muslim and Christian political entities and the diplomatic situation developed between them. Finally, the conformation of military expeditions and the participation of the inhabitants of the southern side of the Duero Valley in them are explained

The distance puzzle revisited: a new interpretation based on geographic neutrality

One of the most remarkable features of globalization is the boost undergone by international trade triggered off by advances in technology that have contributed to reduce the cost of trade (e.g., transportation and communication costs). Under these circumstances, the importance of distance should have diminished over time, which would constitute a boon for countries located far from the main centers of economic activity. However, one of the best-established empirical results in international economics is that bilateral trade decreases with distance. This apparent contradiction has been labeled as the “missing globalization puzzle”. We propose yet another explanation to this apparent contradiction based on the concept of geographic neutrality, which we use to construct international trade integration indicators for two different scenarios, namely, when distance matters and when it does not. Our results indicate that the importance of distance varies greatly across countries, as revealed by disparate gaps between distance-corrected and distance-uncorrected trade integration indicators for different countries. Some factors rooted in the literature explain away the discrepancies, but their importance varies according to the trade integration indicator considered —trade openness or trade connection.Geographic Neutrality, Globalization, Gravity Models, Network Analysis, Remoteness

Agnosia

Aquí hablamos de un proyecto cuya idea es reducir toda esta temática a su perfil más básico. Imágenes que tachamos de usuales. Pero ahí es donde reside el ejercicio. En la idea de lo cotidiano,de esa corriente costumbrista1 que encubre el pensamiento más simple que rodea al ser humano, las preocupaciones constantes en la historia y filosofía de la humanidad,como son: la vida,la muerte o el sexo; donde podemos encontrar aquella capacidad de maravillarnos de nuevo, captar lo hermoso dentro de lo común, de lo imperfecto. Solemos buscar lo nuevo y singular en el exterior haciendo el vacío a lo que tenemos en frente, que a fin de cuentas, es lo que nos define como individuos o, con tintes sociales, como colectivo. En este sentido, jugamos con la supresión de los rostros para que el espectador haga de ese entorno algo suyo, siendo él mismo, no sólo el observador de la obra, sino de lo que en éste acontece, dándole una participación extra, una suerte de vouyerismo

Measuring International Economic Integration: Theory and Evidence of Globalization

This article features a set of indicators designed to measure international economic integration and globalization. We analyze the degree of openness and the respective networks of connections---both direct and indirect---for each economy in our sample. Our indicators are based on network analysis techniques and the exchange of flows among world economies. Starting from four basic axioms of international economic integration, we define the Standard of Perfect International Integration, along with the set of indicators for degree of openness and connectedness, both for each specific economy and for the world economy as a whole. We apply our indicators to data on trade flows for 59 countries---accounting for 96.7% of world output---for the 1967--2004 period. According to our results, international economic integration is higher than what traditional degree of openness indicators suggest. The advance of globalization is unequal among countries because of the differing trends in their degree of openness and the differences in the intensity with which economies are connected to each other. Several economies now appear to be internationally integrated; however, the relatively low degree of openness in some of the largest economies jeopardizes the progress of globalization. We also perform some simulations which suggest that, should technological progress lead to an increase in indirect connections, the move towards greater international economic integration would accelerate.International Economic Integration, Globalization, International Trade, Network Analysis

The determinants of international financial integration revisited: the role of networks and geographic neutrality

Over the last two decades, the degree of international financial integration has increased substantially, becoming an important area of research for many financial economists. This paper explores the determinants of the asymmetries in the international integration of banking systems. We consider an approach based on both network analysis and the concept of geographic neutrality. Our analysis focuses on the banking systems of 18 advanced economies from 1999 to 2005. Results indicate that banking integration should be assessed from the perspective of both inflows and outflows, given that they show different patterns for different countries. Using standard techniques, our results reinforce previous findings by the literature—especially the remarkable role of both geographic distance and trade integration. Nonparametric techniques reveal that the effect of the covariates on banking integration is not constant over the conditional distribution which (in practical terms) implies that the sign of the relationship varies across countries.banking integration, geographic neutrality, network analysis, nonparametric regression

Cristian science in Al-Andalus

Este estudio recopila toda la información historiográfica existente acerca de la pervivencia en al-Ándalus de la ciencia preislámica, esto es, de aquella de tradición romana y cristiana. Principalmente perduró durante el Emirato y el Califato andalusí (s. VIII – principios del s. XI). Las ciencias analizadas son la Astrología, por su fundamento científico en la Astronomía, la Medicina y la Agronomía. Junto a ellas se complementa la investigación con las aportaciones de la Geografía y la Historia como disciplinas humanísticasThis study collects all existing historiographical information about the survival of pre-Islamic science, that is, that of Roman and Christian tradition, in al-Andalus. Mainly it endured during the Andalusian Emirate and Caliphate (8th century – early 11th century). The sciences which will be analyzed are Astrology (because of its scientific basis in Astronomy), Medicine, and Agronomy. In addition, this research is supplemented with the contributions of Geography and History as humanistic discipline

La muerte de Palamedes : mentira, falsificación y venganza en la mitología griega

Este artículo trata acerca de la figura del héroe civilizador Palamedes, un ejemplo para los sofistas, inventor de la escritura quien, según el mito, murió a causa de la primera falsificación de la historia, realizada por Odiseo.______________________________This paper focuses on the figure of the civilizer hero Palamedes, an example for the sophists. Palamedes, according to the myth, invented the writing and died because of the first falsification of the History, made by Odysseus