Genetic variations associated with non- contact muscle injuries in sport: A systematic review

Introduction Non-contact muscle injuries (NCMI) account for a large proportion of sport injuries, affecting athletes’ performance and career, team results and financial aspects. Recently, genetic factors have been attributed a role in the susceptibility of an athlete to sustain NCMI. However, data in this field are only just starting to emerge. Objectives To review available knowledge of genetic variations associated with sport-related NCMI. Methods The databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published until February 2021. The records selected for review were original articles published in peer-reviewed journals describing studies that have examined NCMI-related genetic variations in adult subjects (17–60 years) practicing any sport. The data extracted from the studies identified were as follows: general information, and data on genetic polymorphisms and NCMI risk, incidence and recovery time and/or severity. Results Seventeen studies examining 47 genes and 59 polymorphisms were finally included. 29 polymorphisms affecting 25 genes were found significantly associated with NCMI risk, incidence, recovery time, and/or severity. These genes pertain to three functional categories: (i) muscle fiber structural/contractile properties, (ii) muscle repair and regeneration, or (iii) muscle fiber external matrix composition and maintenance. Conclusion Our review confirmed the important role of genetics in NCMI. Some gene variants have practical implications such as differences of several weeks in recovery time detected between genotypes. Knowledge in this field is still in its early stages. Future studies need to examine a wider diversity of sports and standardize their methods and outcome measure

Rediseño de procesos e implementación de aplicación web con principios de UX para la empresa de transportes Tulio Díaz Internacional y Nacional Ltda.

135 p.Implementar sistemas de información en las empresas es fundamental para llevar un control adecuado, permitiendo la automatización de los procesos y aportando una mayor cantidad información para la toma de decisiones. Este proyecto está centrado en mejorar la administración de la información de la empresa “Transportes Tulio Diaz Internacional y Nacional Limitada” la cual presentaba problemáticas relacionadas a la desorganización y la centralización de las funciones administrativas. Para ello se propuso el rediseño de los procesos operacionales, el cual se enfocó en la creación y posterior implementación de una aplicación web con principios de UX (Experiencia de Usuario). Para el desarrollo del proyecto se utilizó la metodología de “Rediseño de procesos mediante el uso de patrones” propuesta por el autor Oscar Barros, y la metodología ágil “Kanban” para desarrollar la aplicación web. Los resultados obtenidos se centraron en los diagramas de levantamiento y rediseño de los procesos de la organización, en conjunto con la aplicación web implementada para su uso dentro de la empresa. Con la ejecución del proyecto se identificaron beneficios dentro de la empresa en la agilización de la gestión de la información y en la redistribución de actividades, esto gracias a la incorporación adecuada de la aplicación como línea de procesos en el rediseño realizado, y al enfoque de una experiencia de uso satisfactoria para los usuarios. // ABSTRACT: Implementing information systems in companies is essential to have an adequate control, allowing the automation of processes and providing a greater amount of information for decision making. This project is focused on improving the information management of the company "Transportes Tulio Diaz Internacional y Nacional Limitada", which has presented problems related to disorganization and centralization of administrative functions. For this purpose, the redesign of the operational processes was proposed, which is focused on the creation and subsequent implementation of a web application with UX (User Experience) principles. For the development of the project, was used the methodology of "Redesign of processes through the use of patterns" proposed by the author Oscar Barros, and the agile methodology "Kanban" to develop the web application. The results obtained were focused on the survey diagrams and redesign of the organization's processes, with the web application implemented for use within the company. With the execution of the project, benefits were identified within the company in the streamlining of information management and redistribution of activities, thanks to the proper incorporation of the application as a process line in the redesign, and the approach of a satisfactory user experience for users

El papel del ejercicio en la regulación de la proteína Alfa Klotho

Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Actividad Física y DeporteIntroduccion: Klotho es una proteína secretada principalmente por el riñón y las paratiroides, pero también, a menor escala por el músculo esquelético y el cerebro. Altas concentraciones de la proteína Klotho están relacionadas con un buen nivel de condición física, una mayor fuerza y funcionamiento de las extremidades inferiores, como una mayor resistencia al estrés oxidativo y al riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares, es considerado también un participante importante en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis en la célula muscular. Por otro lado, el ejercicio es considerado una herramienta eficaz para tratar y prevenir las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas al envejecimiento. Hace más de una década, varios estudios han establecido una estrecha relación entre los niveles de Sα-Kl y la actividad física, hablando de una conversación cruzada entre el músculo esquelético y la proteína Klotho, por ello, en esta tesis se plantea como Objetivo Principal: Determinar el efecto del ejercicio en la proteína Klotho en hombres sanos físicamente activos del cual derivan los siguientes Objetivos Específicos: (1) Describir valores basales de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos físicamente activos; (2) Analizar el efecto agudo de una sesión de ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio en los niveles de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos físicamente activos; (3) Determinar la cinética de Sα-Kl en las siguientes 72 horas después de un ejercicio agudo de fuerza en hombres sanos físicamente, y por último, (4) Comparar el efecto agudo del ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio versus el de fuerza en los niveles de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos físicamente activos. Metodología: el diseño de este estudio fue un ensayo cuasi experimental de medidas pre - post, cuya muestra fue reclutada en clubes de atletismo y triatlón de la comunidad de Madrid y también, entre estudiantes, profesores y administrativos de la Universidad Europea de Madrid. En primer lugar, se realizó una valoración de la condición física (VO2máx.) y la composición corporal (BAI, ASM, FMI y VATárea) de los participantes, para posteriormente realizar las intervenciones especificas designadas a cada grupo según el tipo de entrenamiento que realizaban (Cardiorrespiratorio o fuerza). Se recogieron muestras de sangre “pre” y “post” sesión aguda en ambos grupos para analizar los niveles de Sα-Kl. Adicionalmente, en el grupo que realizó la sesión de fuerza se analizó la CK y el comportamiento de ambos biomarcadores a las 24, 48 y 72 horas post ejercicio. La intervención de ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio, denominada “Ejercicio agudo Cardiorrespiratorio” o EACR consistió en: carrera en cinta al 55 y 75% de su VO2máx. durante 50 minutos. Y la sesión de ejercicio de fuerza, denominada “Ejercicio Agudo de Fuerza” o EAF realizaron saltos verticales desde un cajón de 60cm incorporando una importante fase pliométrica con el 10% de su peso corporal adicional, la sesión duro aproximadamente 1 hora. RESULTADOS: Se analizó un total de 86 participantes con una edad media de 30.1 ± 9.1 años y un buen nivel de condición física (56.9 ± 5.1 ml/kg/min). 47 de ellos pertenecían al grupo EACR y 39 sujetos al grupo de EAF. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre EACR y EAF en los niveles de Sα-Kl (1079.06 ± 492.42 - 1203.30 ± 302.10) vs. (1058.30 ± 250.16 - 1001.97 ± 231.86) respectivamente, p=0.010. En relación con la cinética de Sα-Kl, ésta, presenta un aumento tardío, no significativo, de sus niveles, pero clínicamente relevante, con su pico máximo a las 48h (1058.30 ± 250.66 vs. 1193.01 ± 363.58; p=0.149; d=-0.41), lo que coincide con el aumento de la CK entre las 24 y 48h (101.72 ± 59.89 vs. 272.82 ± 181.75; p≤0.001; d=0.99 y 101.72 ± 59.89 vs. 227.86 ± 160.93; p≤0.001; d=0.87) respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los valores basales de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos, físicamente activos muestran valores por encima de los ya informados en otros estudios que evalúan adultos mayores y sedentarios. Los niveles de Sα-Kl se elevan de forma significativa inmediatamente después del ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio y a las 24 horas después del ejercicio agudo de fuerza. Este comportamiento podría explicarse por la participación de Klotho en la mantenimiento de la homeostasis celular, al estar involucrado en la regulación del estrés oxidativo, va a depender del tipo de estímulo aplicado a la célula muscular el comportamiento de elevación o descenso de sus niveles. Esto permite relacionar también su ascenso tardío después de un ejercicio de fuerza a la necesidad de controlar procesos inflamatorios y regenerativos, ya que Klotho participa también en la señalización de la célula satélite para estimular la miogenesis. De esta manera la proteína Klotho podría ser un potente indicador de protección celular y el reflejo de un músculo sano, pudiendo ser un futuro candidato de biomarcador de salud. [Resumen Teseo]UE

Cardiorrespiratory response comparison between resisted and endurance HIIT protocols

INTRODUCTION: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been proposed as an effective training method to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in general population. However, HIIT training can be performed under different protocols that could involve different cardiovascular adaptations. Resisted (RHIIT) and endurance (EHIIT) are the most common protocols presented in sports centers, being interval strength training for RHIIT or indoor cycling for EHIIT the most representatives and populars. We compared the two different protocols in order to analyze which exercise elicit a greater cardiorespiratory fitness response. METHODS: 35 subjects, age 34.11±3.87 yo, weight 73.19±12.52 kg and height 165.72±24.28 cm, were divided into 2 groups, EHHIT (N=15) and RHIIT (N=20). All subjects performed a session of each of these group exercise modes, measuring the following: lactate level (Lac) before and after session, Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) with Borg scale (10 point) at the end, and heart rate (HR) during the session. Sessions were divided into zones of HR intensity (1] 90 %HRmax). The EHIIT mode consisted of 10 minutes of warm-up (85-95RPM) and cool down, main part of 25 minutes (65-100RPM). RHHIT included 10 minutes of warm-up (treadmill) and cool down, main part: metabolic training (6 burpees), weightlifting (3 PushPress), and gymnastic exercises (9 hanging knee raise). RESULTS: The T test showed HRmean was higher in EHIIT compared to RHIIT (148.80±16.23 vs 134.90±19.150ppm respectively, p=0.027). Percentage of exercise time was lower in zone 1 and higher in zone 3 during EHIIT (15.50±22.10%) compared to RHIIT (15.50±22.10% vs 30.24±17.92%, p=0.037 and 32.19±20.17% vs. 19.57±11.54%, p=0.025 respectively). There were no significant differences in HRmax, Kcal, Lac, time in zone 2 and zone 4 between EHIIT and RHIIT. CONCLUSION: Greater HRmean and longer exercise time in higher intensity zones observed during EHIIT indicate that this type of protocols (i.e. indoor cycling) have a greater exercise cardiorespiratory load than RHIIT protocols (i.e. interval strength training). Thus, in order to improve cardirrespiratory fitness, EHIIT exercise are more recommendable.Convenio GOfit-UEMNo data 2019UE

Impact of different modes of exercise in fitness levels and body composition in wellness exercise population

INTRODUCTION: Body composition and VO2peak are the most used indicators of health and wellness in individuals. Further, they are key variables studied during exercise program interventions in both general and clinic population. However, it remains unclear how these variables are affected when people exercise in their own or under a soft supervision in sports facilities and leisure centres. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between body composition and VO2peak with the free-chosen exercise performed by low-active individuals METHODS: A total of 201 participants (133 men, age 36.7 ± 9.6 yo; 68 women, age 36.7 ± 11.8 yo) were classified according to their chose in four different exercise conditions: weight training (WT), workout classes (WC), running (RN), recreational sport (RS) or sedentary behaviour (not meeting PA guidelines; SED). Body composition, VO2peak and lower body strength were assessed. RESULTS: In men, % of fat mass was significantly lower in RG than in SED (p=0.001) and WT (p= 0.001). In women, % of fat mass was significantly lower in RT than in SED (p=0.004). VO2peak in men was significantly lower in SED than SF (p=0.031), WC (p=0.002), RN (p=0.000) and RS (p=0.033) and it was significantly higher in RG than in WT (p=0.001), WC (p=0.008) RN (p=0.017). In women VO2max was significantly lower in SG than WT (p=0.003), GE (p=0.015), RT (p=0.001) and it was significantly higher in RN than in WT (p=0.007), WC (0.000) and RS (p=0.003). Lower body strength in men and women was significantly lower in SED than WT (p=0.013for men; p=0.001 for women), WC (p=0.000; p=0.003) and RS (p=0.004; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: People who engaged in exercise showed better fitness level and body composition compared to sedentary individuals regardless of the type of exercise performed. However, people who engaged exercise through recreational sports have similar body composition and fitness than sedentary counterparts. Thus, it seems that supervised exercise, even in a mild way, results in better fitness than unsupervised exercise.Convenio GOfit-UEMNo data 2019UE

Acute effect of exercise session on the kinetics recovery of heart rate variability in young athletes

Heart Rate Variability represents variations between consecutive heart beats (beat to beat or R-R intervals) and has long been used in stratification of the risk of sudden cardiac death and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. In recent years, HRV’s frequency and time domain indices have also gained increasing interest in sports science. The aim of this study was to analyze the kinetics of HRV 72 hours after performing an acute exercise that induces DOMS. A descriptive study was conducted in which 41 healthy and athlete’s males participated, who performed the eccentric exercise protocol described by Howatson to induce DOMS. The analysis of the HRV was carried out before, immediately after, and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the acute exercise, using the Ambit3 monitor (Suunto, Amer Sports, Strava, Finland). The NN intervals were analyzed using Kubios HRV software (version 3.1.0) to measure standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) as a metric of a total variability and ratio of the low to high frequency power (HF/LF) as a metric of sympathovagal balance.Natural OriginUniversidad Europea de MadridNo data 2019UE

Effects of a short workplace exercise program on body composition in women: A randomized controlled trial

Physical inactivity and poor diet cause alterations in body composition, which in turn increases risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sixty-three women from different work environments were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 34) or control (n = 29) group. The intervention was a short-term aerobic exercise program (12 weeks) at their workplace. Participants assigned to the control group did not perform any form of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Questionnaire (KIDMED) and nutrient balance by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Researchers suggest that a short-term aerobic exercise program produces beneficial effects on body composition.2016/UEM101.373 JCR (2020) Q3, 28/44 Women Studies0.425 SJR (2020) Q2, 18/35 Health Professions (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2019UE

Effects Of A 12-week Structured Exercise Intervention On Cholesterol

The total cholesterol profile includes high and low-density lipoprotein, both of which contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Evaluación de la condición física y antropométrica de los bomberos activos de las compañías del sector oriente pertenecientes al cuerpo de bomberos de Santiago

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Siendo el paro cardiorrespiratorio una de las principales causas de muertes de bomberos de Chile, sumado al bajo control físico-médico para el ingreso a esta institución es que se decide realizar este estudio, el que tuvo por objetivo demostrar, evaluar y describir la actual condición física de los bomberos voluntarios activos pertenecientes a la 15ª, 18ª, 19ª y 20ª compañías del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Santiago de Chile. Para llevar a cabo este estudio los voluntarios se enfrentaron pruebas físicas para postulantes, extraídas del Departamento de Bomberos de Munich, Alemania, las cuales fueron carrera de mil metros (248,55 ± 30,91 ), saltos alternados sobre una viga (39,6 ± 842). barras (6,40 ± 4,56), cincuenta metros de natación (51,25 ± 18,92), apnea (18,91 ± 9,30) y boomerang (112,80 ± 21,35), también a una medición antropométrica para cual se utilizó el método pentacompartimental de Kerr y Ross (1986) (28,98 ± 5,58) y una tercera y última prueba para determinar el consumo de oxígeno máximo a través del Test del escalón de Astrand y Rhyming (46,83 ± 8,32). Se logro demostrar que la condición física actual de los bomberos de las compañías evaluadas no es óptimo para las actividades que realizan en servicio.Considering that the cardio respiratory attack is one of the main causes of death among the Chilean firefighters, and taking into account the low physical and medical standards that are necessary to apply for this institution, the objective of this research is to demonstrate, evaluate, and describe the present physical condition of the active firefighters that belong to the 15th , 178th , 19th , and 20th companies of Santiago de Chile. To accomplish this, the volunteers were faced to the physical tests far the applicants to Munich Fire Department, in Germany, that test was a thousand meters (248,55 ± 30,91), altemating jumps behind the balance beam (39,6 ± 842), highbars (6,40 ± 4,56), fifty meters of swimming (51,25 ± 18,92), apnea (18,91 ± 9,30) and boomerang (112,80 ± 21,35), also an anthropometrical evaluation with the Kerr and Ross's five components test (1986) (28,98 ± 5,58) and finaly to a third test to determine the consumption of oxygen through the Astrand and Rhyming step Test (46,83 ± 8,32). As a result of this, it has been demonstrated that the present physical condition of the fire fighters that belong to the companies mentioned above is not convenient for the activities that they peñorm while they are in service