193 research outputs found
Improving The Urban Public Transport In Developing Countries: The Design Of A New Integrated System In Santiago De Chile
Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne
Обоснование критериев оценки биологической активности минеральных вод
Автори під час проведення порівняльного аналізу біологічної дії борвміщуючих мінеральних вод різної мінералізації виявила якісну та кількісну однаковість їх впливу. Інтегративні показники властивостей мінеральних вод, що використовуються на сьогоднішній день, не пояснюють виявлені особливості дії. Автори роблять висновок, що застосування відносних показників властивостей мінеральних вод, прив’язаних до 1 граму мінеральних речовин, які містяться у воді, дозволить більш точно оцінювати властивості мінеральних вод.Authors, carrying out the comparative analysis of biological action of the boron containing mineral waters of a different mineralization, have found out qualitative and quantitative similarity of their influence. Used for today integrate indicators of properties of mineral waters do not explain the taped features of action. Authors come to conclusion that transition to relative indicators of properties of the mineral waters, adhered to 1 gram of the mineral substances containing in water, allows to estimate properties of mineral waters more precisely
A Preliminary Examination of Effect of Massage and Aroma Oil Massage in Foot Care Nursing
AbstractFoot care nursing is attracting attention as a medically effective treatment for the foot lesions caused by such problems as diabetes or aging. In this study, we experimentally examined how aromatherapy affects human brain functions during foot care nursing using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). 11 subjects received both foot care nursing massages and aroma oil massages. We analyzed the changes in their oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations based on their brain activity by t-tests, and the t-test results showed significant differences between two kinds of massages in both the somatosensory and prefrontal association areas. The oxy-Hb concentration in both massages with and without aroma oil also showed a tendency to decrease with time. Our questionnaire results showed that our subjects felt more comfortable and relaxed while receiving foot care nursing with aroma oils. These results suggest that aroma oil massages are an effective foot care nursing tool and that foot care nursing is a medically effective treatment
Biomechanical evaluation of different semi-rigid junctional fixation techniques using finite element analysis
BACKGROUND: Proximal junctional failure is a common complication attributed to the rigidity of long pedicle screw fixation constructs used for surgical correction of adult spinal deformity. Semi-rigid junctional fixation achieves a gradual transition in range of motion at the ends of spinal instrumentation, which could lead to reduced junctional stresses, and ultimately reduce the incidence of proximal junctional failure. This study investigates the biomechanical effect of different semi-rigid junctional fixation techniques in a T8-L3 finite element spine segment model.METHODS: First, degeneration of the intervertebral disc was successfully implemented by altering the height. Second, transverse process hooks, one- and two-level clamped tapes, and one- and two-level knotted tapes instrumented proximally to three-level pedicle screw fixation were validated against ex vivo range of motion data of a previous study. Finally, the posterior ligament complex forces and nucleus pulposus stresses were quantified.FINDINGS: Simulated range of motions demonstrated the fidelity of the general model and modelling of semi-rigid junctional fixation techniques. All semi-rigid junctional fixation techniques reduced the posterior ligament complex forces at the junctional zone compared to pedicle screw fixation. Transverse process hooks and knotted tapes reduced nucleus pulposus stresses, whereas clamped tapes increased nucleus pulposus stresses at the junctional zone.INTERPRETATION: The relationship between the range of motion transition and the reductions in posterior ligament complex and nucleus pulposus stresses was complex and dependent on the fixation techniques. Clinical trials are required to compare the effectiveness of semi-rigid junctional fixation techniques in terms of reducing proximal junctional failure incidence rates.</p
Search for gravitational wave bursts in LIGO's third science run
We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts in data from the three
LIGO interferometric detectors during their third science run. The search
targets subsecond bursts in the frequency range 100-1100 Hz for which no
waveform model is assumed, and has a sensitivity in terms of the
root-sum-square (rss) strain amplitude of hrss ~ 10^{-20} / sqrt(Hz). No
gravitational wave signals were detected in the 8 days of analyzed data.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Amaldi-6 conference proceedings to be published
in Classical and Quantum Gravit
Improving the sensitivity to gravitational-wave sources by modifying the input-output optics of advanced interferometers
We study frequency dependent (FD) input-output schemes for signal-recycling
interferometers, the baseline design of Advanced LIGO and the current
configuration of GEO 600. Complementary to a recent proposal by Harms et al. to
use FD input squeezing and ordinary homodyne detection, we explore a scheme
which uses ordinary squeezed vacuum, but FD readout. Both schemes, which are
sub-optimal among all possible input-output schemes, provide a global noise
suppression by the power squeeze factor, while being realizable by using
detuned Fabry-Perot cavities as input/output filters. At high frequencies, the
two schemes are shown to be equivalent, while at low frequencies our scheme
gives better performance than that of Harms et al., and is nearly fully
optimal. We then study the sensitivity improvement achievable by these schemes
in Advanced LIGO era (with 30-m filter cavities and current estimates of
filter-mirror losses and thermal noise), for neutron star binary inspirals, and
for narrowband GW sources such as low-mass X-ray binaries and known radio
pulsars. Optical losses are shown to be a major obstacle for the actual
implementation of these techniques in Advanced LIGO. On time scales of
third-generation interferometers, like EURO/LIGO-III (~2012), with
kilometer-scale filter cavities, a signal-recycling interferometer with the FD
readout scheme explored in this paper can have performances comparable to
existing proposals. [abridged]Comment: Figs. 9 and 12 corrected; Appendix added for narrowband data analysi
Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134
The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors
presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves
from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of
waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods,
one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time
domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at
Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times .Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the 5th Edoardo
Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Tirrenia, Pisa, Italy, 6-11 July
200
Quantum state preparation and macroscopic entanglement in gravitational-wave detectors
Long-baseline laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors are operating
at a factor of 10 (in amplitude) above the standard quantum limit (SQL) within
a broad frequency band. Such a low classical noise budget has already allowed
the creation of a controlled 2.7 kg macroscopic oscillator with an effective
eigenfrequency of 150 Hz and an occupation number of 200. This result, along
with the prospect for further improvements, heralds the new possibility of
experimentally probing macroscopic quantum mechanics (MQM) - quantum mechanical
behavior of objects in the realm of everyday experience - using
gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper, we provide the mathematical
foundation for the first step of a MQM experiment: the preparation of a
macroscopic test mass into a nearly minimum-Heisenberg-limited Gaussian quantum
state, which is possible if the interferometer's classical noise beats the SQL
in a broad frequency band. Our formalism, based on Wiener filtering, allows a
straightforward conversion from the classical noise budget of a laser
interferometer, in terms of noise spectra, into the strategy for quantum state
preparation, and the quality of the prepared state. Using this formalism, we
consider how Gaussian entanglement can be built among two macroscopic test
masses, and the performance of the planned Advanced LIGO interferometers in
quantum-state preparation
Searching for a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves with LIGO
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed
the fourth science run, S4, with significantly improved interferometer
sensitivities with respect to previous runs. Using data acquired during this
science run, we place a limit on the amplitude of a stochastic background of
gravitational waves. For a frequency independent spectrum, the new limit is
. This is currently the most sensitive
result in the frequency range 51-150 Hz, with a factor of 13 improvement over
the previous LIGO result. We discuss complementarity of the new result with
other constraints on a stochastic background of gravitational waves, and we
investigate implications of the new result for different models of this
background.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figure
Techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines
The principal management of acute cholecystitis is early cholecystectomy. However, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) may be preferable for patients with moderate (grade II) or severe (grade III) acute cholecystitis. For patients with moderate (grade II) disease, PTGBD should be applied only when they do not respond to conservative treatment. For patients with severe (grade III) disease, PTGBD is recommended with intensive care. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) is a simple alternative drainage method with fewer complications; however, its clinical usefulness has been shown only by case-series studies. To clarify the clinical value of these drainage methods, proper randomized trials should be done. This article describes techniques of drainage for acute cholecystitis
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