„...aligha állhat nekik bármely csatarend ellent.” : Egy elfelejtett nép, a szarmaták

A kötet a szarmaták történetének és régészetének összefoglalása a kezdetektől a történelem színpadáról való eltűnésükig

Egy ritka Kárpát-medencei szarmata női viseleti elem

Preventive excavations prior to the construction of motorway M3, west of Nyíregyháza, uncovered a large Sarmatian cemetery in 2005. The excavation revealed that most of the graves had been robbed; grave No. 39 was an exception in this respect. The paper presents the neck ornament found in this grave [Table 2 and 7]. The neckwear was composed of three silver torcs, a golden spring ring, at least five bucket-shaped pendants (one of which was made of gold), and several amber, carnelian, coral and glass beads. It is not clear whether the eight large spherical chalcedony beads were also part of the necklace or they were applied to button up the dress. The function of the three fibulae lined up above the torcs is not clear either. The fibulae served as a key for dating the grave. One of them was probably a box fibula which collapsed, so it was unsuitable for dating. The knee fibulae made of silver are rare; in the cemetery of Nyíregyháza two such pieces were found [Table 5]. The two fibulae most likely derived from Upper Moesia based on their structure and material. Both were produced after the mid-2nd century, most likely at the end of the century, and were probably used as late as by the mid-3rd century. The third fibula of the Nyíregyháza grave is a cicada. It differs from other pieces from the Great Hungarian Plain in the Roman period, since it was made of silver and casted in two pieces [Fig. 4]. The underlying knee-bent fibulae were in use from the mid-1st century to the late Roman period. Based on its shape, it can be linked to the Elbe Germans; it shows similarities to the so-called fibulae bent in the knee, but without a lower cord. All three fibulae of the Nyíregyháza grave represent a rare type. They do not provide a clear chronology, but refer to the 3rd century, especially to the middle part. The rest of the finds do not contradict to this dating either. Grave No. 39 from Nyíregyháza contained an item of the Sarmatian women’s clothing, a pectoral, which is unusual on the Great Hungarian Plain, and has not been analysed by researchers yet. A similar wear can be assumed only in the case of grave No. 1 in Klárafalva. However, since a significant number of the graves from this period have been robbed, it cannot be excluded that this costume item, which can be called a pectoral, was more widespread than it seems now. The difference in the dating and the spatial distance between the Nyíregyháza and Klárafalva graves might indicate a wider range of use

Az alföldi szarmaták keleti kapcsolatai néhány "ritka" import(?)tárgy fényében

In Sarmatian studies, Hungarian scholarship keeps returning to the examination of “foreign” elements in the Barbarian material culture, among them Roman and Germanic imported goods, or objects and traditions brought from the East. In this respect, we have analysed a bracelet type, three pieces of which are known from two sites of the Hungarian Plain: Szeged-Szőreg, Homokbánya (sand pit) and Endrőd, Kocsorhegy grave ЂϿ. Both burials dated to the 4th (possibly beginning of the 5th) century AD belonged to well-off women richly decorated with different kinds of silver jewellery including bracelets closing with a central part supplied with hinges and pin on both sides. Analogies of these bracelets come from Sarmatian burials of Crimea and other regions of the North Pontic. Technology of closing derives from the Hellenistic jewellery (diadems, necklaces), while the earliest such lock construction at bracelets is known from the early 1st century AD. They become widely spread in the Late Empire and then in the Byzantine times up to the 7th century. In the case of the specimens from Hungary, we suggest that they either arrived from the East or their shape and technology was overtaken from a North Pontic workshop

Határ-helyzet-kép. Múzeumi kutatások régészeti, történeti és műemléki vonatkozásai Szabolcsban és Szatmárban

On two sides of a border. Museum research into archaeology, history and architectural monuments in Szabolcs and Szatmár/Satu Mare Common research into history, archaeology, ethnography and art history of Szatmár split after the First World War could restart only in the last 25 years. Despite of the many centuries’ old geographical, economical and cultural togetherness of the territory, in the last 100 years it diverged gravitating towards the centre of the countries on both sides. As a result, a peripherical situation formed producing backwardness, which is compensated on some degree by the integrating force of the cross-border relationship recently quickened. Divergence can be well observed also in history and its related disciplines. Border divided archaeological sites and geographical units coherent in archaeological- historical periods; it split also document collections in archives representing most of historical sources. Interpretation of formerly coherent written sources or find material led to different, sometimes contradictory results. This difference formed because of the distinct language environment, differing terminology, chronology and context of interpretation. It is not an easy task to weave together the broken threads and perhaps cannot be fulfilled completely. However, collective research work continued by the Satu Mare County Museum (Muzeul Judeţean Satu Mare) and the Directory of the Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Museums and its successor, the Jósa András Museum is an important point and chance for finding the common denominator. This study discusses the results of this cooperation

Határon átnyúló topográfiai kutatások a Felső-Tisza-vidéken

Cross-border topographic research in the Upper Tisza region The accurate mapping is crucial to the effective protection of archaeological sites. Despite this, the systematic archaeological survey of the Upper Tisza Region has not been completed yet. The need for such a survey is ever more urgent in the wake of major development projects and intensifying metal detectoring activity. The latter is not surprising, given that this region is extremely rich in bronze hoards, assemblages that are among the favourite “trophies” of detectorists. In the light of the above, it seemed relevant to propose the extension of the archaeological survey of Hungary to the region in question, and we submitted a proposal to this effect to the Ministry of Interior and to the Institute of Archaeology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 2012–2013. Already at that time, we emphasised that the Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Museum (Nyíregyháza) and the Satu Mare County Museum (Satu Mare) had conducted several joint projects such as common fieldwalkings and the publication of village monographs within the framework of a Hungarian-Romanian Cross-border Project, which could serve as preliminary studies for an archaeological survey. The two-decades-long co-operation between our museums has created the necessary foundation for the cross-border activity. In this way, we took the first step towards our final goal, the creation of a continuously updated register of all the archaeological sites in the Carpathian Basin. The proposed project is a complex research: it is designed to connect archaeological sites and relevant architectural monuments (including vernacular architecture). For data processing, we can make use of a GIS-based system (EMIR: Unified Museum Information System database and ArcWiew). We consider it important to continue the publication of the popular monographs of the researched villages, a tradition we began during the Hungarian-Romanian Cross-border Project. The research background to each volume included the systematic field survey, aerial photography and geophysical survey of the given territories. To date, twenty-six volumes of the settlement monograph series have been completed