In vitro response from cotyledon and hypocotyls explants in tomato by inducing 6-benzylaminopurine

Differential response of tomato was evaluated by hypocotyls and cotyledon explants on 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) containing MS media. Among the four levels (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/l) of BAP employed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, 2.0 mg/l BAP was found superior in growth traits (number of shoots/explants and shoot length) and cultivars. No significant difference was noticed between cotyledon and hypocotyls explants on media having 2.0 mg/l BAP. In the same treatment, shoot length was significantly different between cotyledon and hypocotyls derived explants. No adventitious shoots was noted in the control and higher concentration of BAP containing media but theexplants turned into callus on media having 4.0 mg/l BAP

Isolation and purification of membrane-bound cytochrome c from Proteus mirabilis

In the present studies, respiratory chain pathogenic bacterium, Proteus mirabilis, was investigated. In the first phase, growth profile study was performed to optimize the P. mirabilis growth. Maximum bacterial growth could be obtained between 10 – 12 h of culturing time. Down-stream processing was performed by using sonication, ultracentrifugation and detergent solubilization techniques. Partially purified respiratory contents were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Pyridine-ferrochrome and redoxspectra showed the presence of heme-c

Hubungan antara Interpersonal Intelligence dengan hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PAI: penelitian di Kelas X SMAN 26 Bandung

Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan oleh penulis di SMAN 26 Bandung melalui observasi, penulis menemukan beberapa permasalahan yakni masih rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI. Sekitar 40 % siswa yang mendapatkan hasil sesuai dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang telah ditentukan, 60 % lainnya masih dibawah rata-rata dari 33 siswa. Ketika dianalisa, siswa di kelas X dalam proses pembelajaran berlangsung saat ada diskusi kelompok ditemukan siswa yang mengerjakan tugas sendiri sendiri dan cenderung pasif dalam berinteraksi sesama temannya. Ada beberapa dari siswa di kelompok yang juga mendominasi siswa lain sehingga teman kelompoknya hampir tidak mengerjakan apa-apa

Microbial predation accelerates granulation and modulates microbial community composition.

BackgroundBacterial communities are responsible for biological nutrient removal and flocculation in engineered systems such as activated floccular sludge. Predators such as bacteriophage and protozoa exert significant predation pressure and cause bacterial mortality within these communities. However, the roles of bacteriophage and protozoan predation in impacting granulation process remain limited. Recent studies hypothesised that protozoa, particularly sessile ciliates, could have an important role in granulation as these ciliates were often observed in high abundance on surfaces of granules. Bacteriophages were hypothesized to contribute to granular stability through bacteriophage-mediated extracellular DNA release by lysing bacterial cells. This current study investigated the bacteriophage and protozoan communities throughout the granulation process. In addition, the importance of protozoan predation during granulation was also determined through chemical killing of protozoa in the floccular sludge.ResultsFour independent bioreactors seeded with activated floccular sludge were operated for aerobic granulation for 11 weeks. Changes in the phage, protozoa and bacterial communities were characterized throughout the granulation process. The filamentous phage, Inoviridae, increased in abundance at the initiation phase of granulation. However, the abundance shifted towards lytic phages during the maturation phase. In contrast, the abundance and diversity of protozoa decreased initially, possibly due to the reduction in settling time and subsequent washout. Upon the formation of granules, ciliated protozoa from the class Oligohymenophorea were the dominant group of protozoa based on metacommunity analysis. These protozoa had a strong, positive-correlation with the initial formation of compact aggregates prior to granule development. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of these ciliates in the floccular sludge delayed the initiation of granule formation. Analysis of the bacterial communities in the thiram treated sludge demonstrated that the recovery of 'Candidatus Accumulibacter' was positively correlated with the formation of compact aggregates and granules.ConclusionPredation by bacteriophage and protozoa were positively correlated with the formation of aerobic granules. Increases in Inoviridae abundance suggested that filamentous phages may promote the structural formation of granules. Initiation of granules formation was delayed due to an absence of protozoa after chemical treatment. The presence of 'Candidatus Accumulibacter' was necessary for the formation of granules in the absence of protozoa

The impact of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic movement control order (MCO) on dengue cases in Peninsular Malaysia

This study has highlighted the trend of recently-reported dengue cases after the implementation of the Movement Control Orders (MCOs) caused due to COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The researchers used the dengue surveillance data published by the Malaysian Ministry of Health during the 3 phases of MCO (which ranged between 17th March 2020 and 28th April 2020) was used for determining the cumulative number of dengue patients. Thereafter, the dengue cases were mapped using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The results indicated that during the 42 days of MCO in Peninsular Malaysia, 11,242 total cases of dengue were reported. The daily trend of the dengue cases showed a decrease from 7268 cases that occurred before the MCOs to 4662 dengue cases that occurred during the initial 14 days of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., MCO I), to 3075 cases occurring during the MCO II and 3505 dengue cases noted during MCO III. The central peninsular region showed a maximal decrease in new dengue cases (52.62%), followed by the northern peninsular region (1.89%); eastern coastal region (1.25%) and the southern peninsular region (1.14%) during the initial MCO implementation. However, an increase in the new dengue cases was noted during the MCO III period, wherein all states showed an increase in the new dengue cases as compared during MCO II. The decrease in the pattern was not solely based on the MCO, hence, further investigation is necessary after considering different influencing factors. These results have important implication for future large-scale risk assessment, planning and hazard mitigation on dengue management

A critical review on the contributions of chemical and physical factors toward the nucleation and growth of large-area graphene

Since the first isolation of graphene over a decade ago, research into graphene has exponentially increased due to its excellent electrical, optical, mechanical and chemical properties. Graphene has been shown to enhance the performance of various electronic devices. In addition, graphene can be simply produced through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Although the synthesis of graphene has been widely researched, especially the CVD growth method, the lack of understanding of various synthetic parameters still limits the fabrication of large-area and defect-free graphene films. This report critically reviews various parameters affecting the quality of CVD grown graphene to understand the relationship between these parameters and thechoice of metal substrates and to provide a point of reference for future studies of large-area, CVD-grown graphene

Enabling Big Data Analytics at Manufacturing Fields of Farplas Automotive

Digitization and data-driven manufacturing process is needed for today's industry. The term Industry 4.0 stands for today industrial digitization which is defined as a new level of organization and control over the entire value chain of the life cycle of products; it is geared towards increasingly individualized customer's high-quality expectations. However, due to the increase in the number of connected devices and the variety of data, it has become difficult to store and analyze data with conventional systems. The motivation of this paper is to provide an overview of the understanding of the big data pipeline, providing a real-time on-premise data acquisition, data compression, data storage and processing with Apache Kafka and Apache Spark implementation on Apache Ha-doop cluster, and identifying the challenges and issues occurring with implementation the Farplas manufacturing company, which is one of the biggest Tier 1 automotive supplier in Turkey, to study the new trends and streams related to topics via Industry 4.0.Comment: 8 page

Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Kerusuhan dan Anarki Serta Upaya Penanggulangannya (Studi di Rumah Tahanan Negara Klas 1 Surabaya)

Hukum pidana berfungsi mengatur dan menyelenggarakan kehidupan masyarakat agar dapat tercipta dan terpeliharanya ketertiban umum. Manusia hidup di penuhi oleh berbagai kepentingan dan kebutuhan, antara kebutuhan yang satu dengan yang lain tidak saja berlainan, tetapi terkadang sering bertentangan. Dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan dan kepentingan ini, manusia bersikap dan berbuat. Penerapan Asas Praduga Tidak Bersalah, adanya persamaan dimuka hukum tanpa diskriminasi, sesuai Pasal 27 ayat (1) UUD 1945 yang menyatakan penghayatan, pengamalan, dan pelaksanaan Hak Asasi Manusia maupun Hak serta Kewajiban warga negara untuk menegakkan keadilan menjadi suatu keharusan yang mendasari setiap warga negara, setiap penyelenggaraan negara, setiap lembaga kenegaraan dan lembaga kemasyarakatan, baik dipusat maupun didaerah. Jenis penelitian hukum ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum empiris yaitu penelitian terhadap keadaan nyata atau pada lapangan yang ada pada kawasan Rumah Tahanan Negara Klas 1 Surabaya yang di dalamnya ditemukan kasus mengenai terjadinya kerusuhan dan anarki serta tata cara upaya penanggulangan kerusuhan dan anarki. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan secara yuridis kriminologis, yaitu suatu penelitian dengan memahami gejala kejahatan didalam pergaulan masyarakat atau penanggulangan kejahatan yang meliputi perbaikan narapidana dan upaya mencegah atau mengurangi kejahatan yang mungkin akan timbul

Influence of simulation in Malaysian healthcare education and research (ISIM-HERE): a two-decade experience

The use of simulation as a teaching methodology in medical institutions has been in Malaysia for over two decades. This study aimed to evaluate the current scenarios of simulation impact and utilization in Malaysian academic healthcare institutions (AHIs). We conducted a population-based survey on all AHIs in Malaysia including public and private. We performed an online survey followed by a face-to-face interview evaluating the number of institutions that used simulation, duration of experience, purpose, funding, users’ category and healthcare domain, research activities, dedicated-trained staff and the challenges faced. Out of 75 healthcare institutions approached, 38 agreed to participate in this study. Twenty-two (57.9%) were public hospitals while 16 (42.1%) were private institutions. Thirty-five (92.1%) out of 38 institutions used simulation as a teaching method. The majority (15, 42.9%) had less than five years’ experience, and about a third (11, 31.4%) used simulation for teaching, training and performance assessment. Nurses (30, 26.1%) were the main users followed by physicians and paramedic (19, 16.5% each respectively). In-hospital and procedural group were the top two domains of utilizers. Almost three quarters (25, 71.4%) have dedicated support staff to manage the centre. Funding was mainly from internal institutional support mechanisms. Seven different categories of challenges were identified, the biggest being financial support. In summary, even though healthcare simulation has been in Malaysia for the past two decades but the most substantial impact happened over the last five years. Utilization was mainly for teaching, training, and performance assessment with minimal use in research

Upaya POLRI Dalam Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Lalu Lintas Oleh Perusahaan dan Pengemudi Bus Angkutan Umum (Studi di Polisi Resort Sidoarjo).

Skripsi ini membahas tentang Upaya Polri dalam Mencegah Terjadinya Tindak Pidana Lalu Lintas Oleh Bus Angkutan Umum. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh seringnya angkutan Bus mengalami kecelakaan dan melanggara lalu lintas yang ada. 60% kecelakaan yang terjadi disebabkan oleh Human Error seperti mengantuknya supir, kurangnya pengecekan terhadap bus oleh perusahaan otobis. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah (1).Bagaimana realita polisi dalam mencegah tindak pidana lalu lintas oleh perusahaan dan pengemudi bus angkutan umum? (2) Apa kendala polisi dalam mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana lalu lintas oleh perusahaan dan pengemudi bus angkutan umum? (3). Apa upaya yang dilakukan polisi dalam mencegah tindak pidana lalu lintas oleh perusahaan dan pengemudi bus angkutan umum ? Metode pendekatan yang digunakan untuk memahami, mempermudah sekaligus memperlancar penelitian ini adalah metode Yuridis Sosiolosis . Metode pendekatan yuridis digunakan untuk mengkaji permasalahan dari segi hukum dan sistematikanya. Sedangkan pendekatan sosiologis digunakan untuk mengkaji suatu permasalahan di dalam masyarakat atau lingkungan masyarakat dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk mendapatkan fakta, yang dilanjutkan dengan menemukan masalah, yang selanjutnya pada pengidentifikasian masalah dan untuk mencari penyelesaian masalah Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalam realitanya polisi dalam melakukan pencegahan tindak pidana lalu lintas telah mengacu pada undang-undang No 22 tahun 2009 tentang lalu lintas dan angkutan jalan, dimana polisi mengkaji beberapa masalah yang ada kemudian membuat suatu program dan segera melaksanakan program tersebut. Dalam pelaksanaan program tersebut polisi sidoarjo mengalami kendala, kendala ini bersifat internal dan eksternal. Kendala internal ini meliputi kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, terbatasnya anggaran dan masalah prasarana. Terkait dengan masalah eksternal meliputi, kurangnya kerjasama antara polisi lalu lintas dengan instansi lain terkait dengan lalu lintas, rendahnya tingkat kesadaran hukum pengemudi bus, dan juga tidak patuhnya perusahaan otobus. Upaya yang dilakukan polisi dalam mencegah tindak pidana lalu lintas dapat berupa upaya prefentif dan upaya represif. Upaya preventif berupa, melakukan pembinaan dan pendidikan pada masyarakat, Melakukan sosialisasi di garasi atau kantor perusahaan otobus, membuat dan menjalankan program-program yang berfungsi mengajak masyarakat untuk mematuhi peraturan lalu lintas termasuk bagi awak bus angkutan umum, mengumpulkan dan melakukan pelatihan bagi pengemudi bus, dan yang terakhir adalah penandatanganan fakta integritas dan MOU keselamatan awak bus dan penumpang bus angkutan umum dengan melibatkan instansi yang terkait. Usaha represif berupa menjerat pelaku tindak pidana lalu lintas dengan pasal di dalam KUHP dan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan diantaranya, pasal 359 dan 360 KUHP, serta pasal 300, 302, 314 UU No 22 Tahun 2009. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah bagi Kepolisian Resor Kabupaten Sidoarjo, agar anggota Satuan Lalu Lintas Polres Sidoarjo segera melakukan tindakantindakan untuk mengurangi atau bahkan menghilangkan kesempatan seseorang untuk melakukan tindakan pidana lalu lintas. Dalam kegiatan pengawasan pihak Satuan Lalu Lintas diharapkan segera memenuhi kurangnya sarana dan prasarana agar kinrja polisi dalam programnya bisa mendapatkan hasil yang memuaskan. Selain itu juga, diharapkan tetap melakukan pembaharuan program-program guna mendukung kinerjanya.Bagi Pemerintah, diharapkan juga dapat membantu upaya yang dilakukan oleh pihak kepolisian melalui instansi-instansi yang berkaitan. Khusunya instansi Dinas Perhubungan yang kaitannya dengan lalu lintas maupun bus angkutan umum sangat erat. Bagi Masyarakat, diharapkan dapat menaati aturan-aturan lalu lintas yang berlaku demi terciptanya lalu lintas yang aman dan nyaman, dikarenakan tanpa peran serta masyarakat untuk mau menaati hukum yang berlaku semuanya akan menjadi sia-sia