Resistivity measurement of ZnO:AI films for solar cell

Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide films were deposited on glass slide by RF magnetron sputtering using a ZnO target mixed with A120J. All the films were growth in room temperature without intentional heating. The resistivity of the ZnO:AI films were measured using van der Pauw method in terms of the preparation conditions such as RF power, working pressure, deposition time, O2 content in sputtering gas and target-substrate distance. Resistivity of the deposited films shows the following behaviours: decreases with the increasing RF power and film thickness while increase with increasing target substrate distance, and O2 content in sputtering gas. Resistivity for films prepared in different working pressure decreases with the Argon pressure but increased after the optimal pressure of 45mTorr

Digital gamers' attitude towards intention to continue playing digital games

User-centered design of digital games calls for a clear understanding of the mind and the thinking of digital gamers. This understanding is important because it allows digital games designers to create games with the right game dynamics to capture a specific market segment. In the past, digital games were produced without prior consideration of the human factors which were difficult to define and measure. Fang & Zhao (2010)paved the way towards the use of technology acceptance model to ascertain the degree of emotion flow which induces the desire to continue playing digital games. This paper used snowball sampling (Wright&Stein , 2005; Blernackl , 1981 ) to collect data which was used in the analysis to estimate how compatibility,trialability, observalability and attitude influenced the intention to continue playing digital games and how they affected actual behavior playing digital games. It was found that digital gamers’ attitude towards intention to continue playing digital games wassignificantly influenced by attitude beliefs compatibility and trialability. Observalability of digital games by digital gamers significantly increased intention to continue playing digital games

Assessing the factors of green computing adoption among manufacturing employees: an analysis of the electrical and electronic sector

Recent trends and heavy uses of IT products and electronic gadgets have led to a proliferation of green computing studies because these wastes are not biodegradable. A significant amount of previous studies has been performed on green computing at the organizational level with most studies tend to focus on developed countries. The present study examined numerically the most influential factor towards the employees’ intention to adopt green computing and measure the intention level of employees in green computing adoption. The current study explored five adoption factors with five hypotheses have been established. These hypotheses were theorized from Theory of Planned Behaviour with emphasis on environmental concern. Previous studies from Malaysia context have primarily concentrated on green computing in education sector compared to manufacturing sector. Hence the study was conducted at electrical and electronic industries located at southern Malaysia. Questionnaires were purposely distributed to 250 respondents, however only 110 responses were valid that yielded response rate of 56%. Respondents are among the employees in IT and administration department that equipped with ICT application. The finding verifies the most influential factor affecting green computing adoption is environmental concern with 43.8%. All factors were proved to have positive correlation to the green computing intention. This correlation is related to the high intention level of employees in practicing green computing due to headquarters initiatives and the conditions set by the importing countries. Social norms have less impact towards behavioral intention to practice green computing that manifested by the low correlation percentage. The current study contributes to our knowledge on the green computing intention among manufacturing employees in Malaysia besides the implications of the results and future research directions. This study will help the policy makers in promoting environmental awareness among users of computing devices

Can independent directors prevent abusive related party transactions?

Abusive related party transactions (RPTs) have been highlighted as one of the major concerns after the 1997 Asian financial crisis.Since the crisis, many reforms to the law and regulation systems have been taken by the Asian countries, including Malaysia, to curb abusive RPTs.A key problem with RPTs is that the transactions are influenced by the relationship between parties involved in the transactions.Many abusive RPTs cases in Asia, such as Satyam Computers Ltd (India), Transmile Group Berhad (Malaysia), Asia Pulp and Paper (Indonesia) and others, demonstrate how these transactions ultimately benefited the top management and controlling shareholders. Therefore, an area of concern with regard to this issue is a mechanism that can constrain the insiders from engaging in abusive RPTs.Many jurisdictions have placed greater reliance on the institution of independent directors (INEDs) to protect the interest of shareholders.INEDs, being independent from the influence of the insiders, are expected to balance and limit the strong power and incentives of managers and controlling shareholders, thereby effectively prevent abusive RPTs.However, prior studies provide mixed results on whether INEDs are effective monitors. We argue that for INEDs to function effectively, it is not enough just to be independent.Certain INEDs attributes, namely the composition of INEDs, their financial expertise, length of service (INEDs tenure) and the presence of women INEDs, will influence INEDs' governance effectiveness. Therefore, this paper aims to review the role of INEDs in monitoring RPTs.It firstly discusses on the issues surrounding RPTs. Further, this paper reviews the regulatory and corporate governance reforms relating to RPTs and the institution of INEDs, with specific attention to the Malaysian context. Based on prior literature, this paper then highlights on how INEDs composition, financial expertise, INEDs tenure and the presence of women INEDs can enhance their monitoring role. The final section concludes the paper

Kajian gelagat tabungan isi rumah di negeri Melaka / Mohamed Saladin Abdul Rasool , Arifin Md Salleh , Ismadi Ismail , Dr. Nor Ghani Md Nor , Mahadzir Ismail

Kebanyakan teori tabungan dibangunkan dalam terma motif individu, tetapi di Malaysia sekurang-kurangnya kebanyakan kerja-kerja empirikal adalah menggunakan data aggregat siri masa. Perkembangan terkini dalam literatur menunjukkan terdapat peralihan daripada pendekatan kajian menggunakan data aggregat siri masa kepada analisis isi rumah. Ini adalah merupakan motivasi disebalik menjalankan kajian tabungan isi rumah. Ini berasaskan kepada pandangan umum bahawa data tinjauan isi rumah merupakan maklumat yang paling cepat untuk kita mengetahui perubahan gelagat tabungan isi rumah yang bertindak balas kepada sebarang perubahan dalam keadaan ekonomi, persekitaran dan politik. Analisis tabungan isi rumah bagi tujuan kajian ini adalah dibentuk berdasarkan maklumat aliran pendapatan. Pada asasnya, tabungan dirujuk sebagai perbezaan di antara pendapatan isi rumah dan perbelanjaan, termasuk sewa rumah yang didiami sendiri. Analisis di kembangkan dengan memasukkan definisi yang luas seperti pembelian barang tahan lama, pembiayaan pendidikan (pelaburan ke atas modal manusia) dan perbelanjaan untuk kesihatan. Laporan ini mempersembahkan analisis yang meluas tentang gelagat tabungan di kalangan 564 ketua isi rumah di Negeri Melaka. lanya merupakan usaha pertama melihat gelagat menabung menggunakan data mikro. Data diperolehi hasil dari tinjauan tingkat pendapatan dan penggunaan isi rumah yang telah dijalankan pada Mei 2000. Disamping itu data yang berkaitan dengan pembolehubah sosio ekonomi dan demografi juga diperolehi. Set data yang diperolehi memberikan peluang untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek tabungan di peringkat isi rumah. Pertama, menganalisis probabiliti pilihan produk menggunakan penganggaran model logit binomial. Kedua, menganalisis motif tabungan. Ketiga mengenal pasti penentu-penentu fungsi tabungan dikalangan isi rumah menggunakan penganggaran Kaedah Kuasa Dua Terkecil (OLS) dan Kaedah Kuasa Terkecil Berpemberat (WLS). Analisis data tabungan negeri Melaka ini berupaya memberikan beberapa inferen yang tidak diperolehi daripada data aggregat siri masa. lanya merupakan merit mengkaji data di peringkat mikro iaitu isi rumah

Kajian kekonduksian terhadap karbon teraktif daripada kayu bakau (Rhizophora apiculata)

Karbon teraktif yang disediakan daripada kayu bakau (Rhizophora apiculata) menunjukkan sifat kekonduksian seperti semikonduktor. Kekonduksiannya bertambah secara eksponen dengan suhu. Terdapat dua mekanisme pengaliran cas yang dikenal pasti iaitu pada suhu rendah dan pada suhu tinggi. Pertambahan yang jelas pada nilai kekonduksian terutamanya pada suhu yang lebih tinggi berlaku apabila karbon teraktif didopkan dengan gula ringkas. Kekonduksian juga didapati bertambah dengan kepekatan gula

Kepuasan kerja guru dan perbezaannya berdasarkan pencapaian sekolah

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenapasti tahap kepuasan kerja guru dan perbezaannya berdasarkan pencapaian sekolah. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 138 orang guru yang dipilih secara rawak mudah dari 12 buah sekolah kebangsaan Daerah Ledang, Johor. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif menerusi instrumen soal selidik. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS dan menggunakan kaedah deskriptif seperti analisis min, sisihan piawai, frekuensi dan peratus. Manakala Analisis statistik inferensi menggunakan ujian Anova sehala untuk menentukan sama ada terdapat perbezaan kepuasan kerja guru berdasarkan tahap pencapaian sekolah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kepuasan kerja guru di sekolah daerah Ledang berada pada tahap tinggi dan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan kepuasan kerja guru berdasarkan tahap pencapaian sekolah. Implikasinya, bagi pelaksana dasar dapat membantu mereka membentuk kerangka konseptual tentang keadaan sebenar sekolah sebelum mereka membuat pemantauan atau menilai sekolah-sekolah di negeri Johor. Terhadap guru-guru pula kajian ini boleh dijadikan panduan yang dapat memberi maklum balas terhadap mutu kerja dan amalan mereka untuk penambanbaikan pada masa akan datang

The Fraud Rules in the Letter of Credit under Jordanian Legal System

Letter of credit (L/C) has a massive role in expanding international trade operations. It is considered the most secure and stable banking service to finance foreign trade operations such as import and export. As an international contract, potential legal issues arise due to fraud practices. In this case, L/C users have to be aware of different approaches followed by domestic courts while dealing with fraud at the international level. This paper aims to identify the fraud means under the fraud rule governing L/C and its impact on Jordan's practice. By applying a qualitative and doctrinal legal approach, this paper analyses the lack of organization of the uniform customs and practice for the letter of credit (UCP No. 600). It also examines, via interviews with Jordanian judges, the perceptions of the Jordanian courts' policy regarding the fraud rule exception in L/C. The finding reveals that to protect the interests of all parties in a letter of credit transaction, Jordanian courts should extend the scope of fraud to cover sale contracts fraud in cases where bona fide holder is involved and when a confirming bank is absent, or when the credit amount has not been paid yet by the issuing bank. In respect of the bank practices, such special provisions implemented to commercial code must be issued due to the lack of legal provisions of the L/C in Jordan legislation

Sistem pengurusan bersepadu: satu pengenalan

The implementation of management systems such as ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001:1996 and OHSAS 18001:1999 is a requirement for any organization in order to ensure business sustainability. This is because organizations will enjoy numerous benefits that the systems could offer such as cost reduction, improved corporate image and to stay competitive. Besides these advantages, however, there are several drawbacks if the systems are implemented separately. Among these drawbacks include redundant work, cost incurred, time consuming and additional workload due to the redundancy in the requirements of the three systems. Therefore, organizations have to find alternatives to deal with these situations. The emergence of the Integrated Management System (IMS) is seen to be the best solution for the organizations. This is due to IMS itself has its own advantage mainly by the elimination of the redundancy in the requirements of the system. This paper reveals the problems encountered when the systems are implemented separately, and how IMS could offer solutions to the organization

CLAIM MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK UNDER FIDIC 2017: CONTRACTOR CLAIM SUBMISSION

Purpose of the study: The objective of this research is to develop a framework for managing the claim document. The contractual and management issues will be considered in this framework to enhance the Claims Management System (CMS). The framework includes the mechanism of claim submission based on Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs Conseils (FIDIC) 2017 clauses and procedures. Methodology: Qualitative methodology has been selected for this paper as the topic requires a collection of sensitive information from an experienced professional. The proposed CM framework developed based on, a study conducted to rank the feature required for CMS. This study has been conducted among 43 experts in Claims Management (CM) field working on contractor firm’s category A. Then, the framework verified by 7 experts who participate in the first study. Main Findings:  Eleven features were required for CMS that can enhance contractor claim submission. These factors have a different level of importance. The top three factors are Tracking Claim Status (99.5%), Supporting all types of document (96.3%), Centralized Database (93.0%). Based on these features, the proposed framework developed to improve contractor claim submission. Applications of this study: Applying the proposed framework will reduce human effort in getting document related to claims by its systematic recording, transparency, a reminder feature, contractual guide, friendly user and other features of the system. Moreover, it will provide the contractual support pursuant to FIDIC 2017 clauses. Novelty/Originality of this study: The framework will improve contractor claim submission and the contractor will be satisfied by claim resolution and engineer determination. Side by side the framework will save about 50% of time consumed (d is missing) by the claims analysts that usually spent in collecting information, screening and identifying related claim event document in the project’s documentation