Detection and quantification of pesticide residues in selected vegetables of Bangladesh

A survey was conducted in intensive vegetable growing area in the Narsingdi district of Bangladesh regarding pesticides used by farmers on three major vegetables like eggplant, cauliflower, and country bean. On the basis of questionnaires, 23 farmers were interviewed and it was noted that fourteen pesticides belonging to different groups were found to be commonly used on the selected vegetables by the respondent farmers to control the major pests. In two selected locations of Narsinghdi 8.33 to 45.00 percent farmers were recorded to apply different pesticides every day and in some cases even twice in a day on vegetables. A total of 42 samples were collected from fields and markets and multiple pesticide residue analysis was done by Gas Chromatography (GC) with Flame Thermionized Detector (FTD) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD). Out of 42 samples, 27 had pesticide residue. Among these 27 samples, 14 samples had pesticide residues above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The detected pesticides were Diazinon, Malathion, Quinalphos, Fenitrothion, Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate and Propiconazole.

MOLECULAR ANALYSES OF PAPAYA VIRUSES IN BANGLADESH: DETECTION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DISTRIBUTION

Ph.D.Ph.D. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 201

Discovery, Genomic Sequence Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Novel RNA Viruses in the Turfgrass Pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. in Japan

Turfgrass used in various areas of the golf course has been found to present anthracnose disease, which is caused by Colletotrichum spp. To obtain potential biological agents, we identified four novel RNA viruses and obtained full-length viral genomes from turfgrass pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. in Japan. We characterized two novel dsRNA partitiviruses: Colletotrichum associated partitivirus 1 (CaPV1) and Colletotrichum associated partitivirus 2 (CaPV2), as well as two negative single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses: Colletotrichum associated negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (CaNSRV1) and Colletotrichum associated negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (CaNSRV2). Using specific RT-PCR assays, we confirmed the presence of CaPV1, CaPV2 and CaNSRV1 in dsRNAs from original and sub-isolates of Colletotrichum sp. MBCT-264, as well as CaNSRV2 in dsRNAs from original and sub-isolates of Colletotrichum sp. MBCT-288. This is the first time mycoviruses have been discovered in turfgrass pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. in Japan. CaPV1 and CaPV2 are new members of the newly proposed genus “Zetapartitivirus” and genus Alphapartitivirus, respectively, in the family Partitiviridae, according to genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Negative sense ssRNA viruses CaNSRV1 and CaNSRV2, on the other hand, are new members of the family Phenuiviridae and the proposed family “Mycoaspirividae”, respectively. These findings reveal previously unknown RNA virus diversity and evolution in turfgrass pathogenic Colletotrichum spp