A mouse tissue atlas of small noncoding RNA

Small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in a broad range of biological processes both in health and disease. A comprehensive quantitative reference of small ncRNA expression would significantly advance our understanding of ncRNA roles in shaping tissue functions. Here, we systematically profiled the levels of five ncRNA classes (microRNA [miRNA], small nucleolar RNA [snoRNA], small nuclear RNA [snRNA], small Cajal body-specific RNA [scaRNA], and transfer RNA [tRNA] fragments) across 11 mouse tissues by deep sequencing. Using 14 biological replicates spanning both sexes, we identified that ∼30% of small ncRNAs are distributed across the body in a tissue-specific manner with some also being sexually dimorphic. We found that some miRNAs are subject to “arm switching” between healthy tissues and that tRNA fragments are retained within tissues in both a gene- and a tissue-specific manner. Out of 11 profiled tissues, we confirmed that brain contains the largest number of unique small ncRNA transcripts, some of which were previously annotated while others are identified in this study. Furthermore, by combining these findings with single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) data, we were able to connect identified brain-specific ncRNAs with their cell types of origin. These results yield the most comprehensive characterization of specific and ubiquitous small RNAs in individual murine tissues to date, and we expect that these data will be a resource for the further identification of ncRNAs involved in tissue function in health and dysfunction in disease

Sport employment and the level of the physical activity of the students

Objective: to determine the structure and the level of physical activity of sedentary children, and those, who practice sports. Materials and methods: the study included 514 children, including 237 girls and 277 boys 7-18 years old (mean age - 14±0.25 years (M±m)) from regular school, academic lyceum and vocational lyceum in Tashkent. Participants were interviewed with a questionnaire to identify sports that they were engaged in and sports that they would like to be engaged in. To determine the level of physical activity we analyzed the participation time records (for 8-9 people in each age and gender group). All examined children were divided into 2 groups: 1st group - who regulary practice sports; 2nd group - sedentary children. Results: 43.8% of participants were engaged in sports, and the boys were involved in sport 2.4 times more often than girls. The majority of boys were engaged in different types of martial arts, coordination and team sports; the majority of girls was engaged in coordination and strength and power sports. Conclusions: more than half of children-athletes, in addition to the main type of sports, would like to have another kind of sport activity to train other muscle groups. 78.1% of children not involved in sports would like to visit the sports section. The duration of physical activity met the requirements only in male athletes

Evaporation induced flow inside circular wells

Flow field and height averaged radial velocity inside a droplet evaporating in an open circular well were calculated for different modes of liquid evaporation.Comment: 5 page, 3 figures, submitted to European Physical Journal

Influence of regular practice of various sports on harmonicity of physical development of the of young athletes of Uzbekistan

One of the integrated indicators of a harmony of physical development of an organism is the body mass index, which allows to estimate a relationship of the body weight to its the body height. Objective: to evaluate an influence of regular practice of various sports on harmonicity of physical development of the of young athletes of Uzbekistan. Materials and methods: 13849 athletes aged from 11 to 17 years (9973 boys and 3876 girls) residents of Tashkent, Nukus, Samarkand, Gulistan, Karshi and Urgench were examined. Depending on the sport and the period of the training sessions, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: children with training period up to 1 year (1 group - control group), children engaged in sports for 1-2 years (group 2) and children engaged in sports for 3 and more years (3rd group). Somatometric and calculation methods were used. Results: normal values of body mass index in female and male enlarged with training irrespective of sport. Youth athletes engaged in sport 3 and more years were characterized by a normal ratio of growth and body weight. Normal body mass index in study groups were found more often than in the control group. Conclusions: it is necessary to carry out a timely assessment of physical development in youth for implementation of individual approach to choice of sport and determination of optimum value of physical activity

Insights into the influence of solvent polarity on the crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) spin-coated thin films via in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering

Controlling polymer thin-film morphology and crystallinity is crucial for a wide range of applications, particularly in thin-film organic electronic devices. In this work, the crystallization behavior of a model polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), during spin-coating is studied. PEO films were spun-cast from solvents possessing different polarities (chloroform, THF, and methanol) and probed via in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The crystallization behavior was found to follow the solvent polarity order (where chloroform chloroform > methanol). When spun-cast from nonpolar chloroform, crystallization largely followed Avrami kinetics, resulting in the formation of morphologies comprising large spherulites. PEO solutions cast from more polar solvents (THF and methanol) do not form well-defined highly crystalline morphologies and are largely amorphous with the presence of small crystalline regions. The difference in morphological development of PEO spun-cast from polar solvents is attributed to clustering phenomena that inhibit polymer crystallization. This work highlights the importance of considering individual components of polymer solubility, rather than simple total solubility, when designing processing routes for the generation of morphologies with optimum crystallinities or morphologies