Relevance of Sustainable Community Education for Entrepreneurship Development in Nigerian Rural Communities

Community education is an education process that enables members of a community to identify their needs/problems and proffer solutions using locally available resources. Rural communities in Nigeria remain the central base of natural resources and producers of raw materials. Most of the necessary prerequisite needed to set up a vibrant entrepreneurial skill acquisition centre for a small scale business is available in the rural communities – land, labour, manpower, resources etc. but the problem lies in lack of awareness and inadequate knowledge or information on how to harness and mobilise these potentials to boost entrepreneurial skills. This paper is a theoretical highlight on the relevance of community education for entrepreneurship development in rural communities. The paper adopts the descriptive research method. Data used were mostly generated from secondary sources such as journals, conference papers, articles, books, websites and other texts etc. The paper highlights the nature of Nigerian rural communities, relevance of community education in entrepreneurship development and the strategies through which entrepreneurship can be enhanced in rural communities. The paper finally recommends among others that entrepreneurship development should be a component of any community education programme especially in rural areas

Experiential Analysis of Awareness and Adoption of E-Extension Among Poultry Farmers in Gombe State, Nigeria

The study assessed the e-extension awareness and adoption among poultry farmers in Gombe state, Nigeria. The study had two objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses. Survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 798 registered poultry farmers under Poultry Farmers Association of Nigeria Gombe state. Proportional sampling technique was used to select 240 poultry farmers for the study. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. The instrument was administered by researcher assisted by 3 research assisted using direct contact. The data collected were analyzed using mean scores to answer the research questions. ANOVA was used to test the null hypotheses at the significance level of 0.05. The study revealed that poultry farmers are aware and also adopt poultry farming technologies through e-extension programme in Gombe State. It was concluded that e-extension facilities significantly contributed on awareness, adoption and effectiveness among poultry farmers in Gombe state. It was recommended among others that facilities for e-extension programme should be use effectively in disseminating new techniques, skills and innovations in poultry farming. Keywords: Awareness, Adoption, E-Extension, Poultry, Farmers DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-2-01 Publication date: January 31st 202

Rhizomucor miehei lipase supported on chitosan-graphene oxide beads for the production of geraniol propionate

The biotechnological route to manufacturing geraniol propionate may present a feasible solution to drawbacks associated with the production of such ester by the chemical synthesis or extraction from plants. The use of such technique can be advantageous considering the ever increasing demands for such products while reducing waste production and simplifying the manufacturing process. The properties and morphology of the developed Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) immobilized onto activated chitosan-graphene oxide (CS/GO) support were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphological evaluations strongly indicated successful covalent attachment of the RML on the support. It was evident from the thermogram of TGA that 13.5% of RML was successfully immobilized onto the CS/GO matrix. The approach of response surface methodology (RSM) employing the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on four parameters (incubation time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and enzyme loading) were used to seek the optimized experimental conditions for the RML-CS/GO catalyzed synthesis of geraniol propionate. The study illustrated that the predicted and actual responses were well correlated, suggesting adequacy of the generated model for predicting the yield of the ester, as well as the factor of reaction time being most impacting in the RML-CS/GO catalyzed synthesis of geraniol propionate. Under optimized conditions, the highest yield of geraniol propionate (49.46%) was obtained at 17.98 h, 37.67 °C, 100.70 rpm, and molar ratio of acid:alcohol of 1:3.28 in the solvent free esterification of propionic acid and geraniol. The investigation demonstrated that the developed RML-CS/GO was a promising alternative to overcome drawbacks associated with solvent assisted enzymatic reactions. Therefore, the RML-CS/GO biocatalysts developed here appear to be a promising substitute and yet environmentally practical biocatalyst for the production of geraniol propionate

Effect of Cooperative Teaching Strategy and Instructional Materials Utilization on Mathematics Learning Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students in Fika Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria

This study determined the effect of cooperative teaching strategy and instructional material utilization on Mathematics learning achievement of senior secondary school students in Fika LGA, Yobe State, Nigeria. Two (2) objectives were stated and two (2) null hypotheses were tested. Quasi-experimental design was adopted. The population comprised of one hundred and forty (140) students selected from the four senior secondary schools in the study area. Thirty five (35) students were purposively selected from each of the four senior secondary schools. Achievement Test in Mathematics was adapted for the study. Three stages were used in collecting the data%253A pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment phases. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the two (2) null hypotheses. The results were considered at Plt%253B 0.05 level. The finding of the study showed that cooperative teaching strategy had significant effect on mathematics learning achievement of senior secondary school students. It is further discovered that instructional material utilization had significant effect on mathematics learning achievement of the students. It is recommended among others that effective use of cooperative teaching strategy and instructional material utilization in teaching mathematics in schools should be used by teachers to enhance student learning achievement in mathematics

SOCIO - ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLDS FUEL CONSUMPTION IN NIGERIA

Attainment of universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy is one of the goals for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing data and statistic suggest that high proportion of households in less developed countries heavily rely on solid fuels for domestic requirements. Also, recent data revealed that in Nigeria over 70 percent of households depend on fuel wood for cooking which indicate the task ahead of policy makers in the country for ensuring access to efficient sources of energy before the expiration of sustainable development goals. In this study we empirically examined socio-economic factors that influence households’ likelihood of energy consumption in Nigeria. In order to achieve our specific objectives, we adopt 2013 demographic health survey dataset for Nigeria and multinomial logistic regression was conducted in analyzing the factors affecting households’ decision for energy demand. Evidence from the study revealed that demographic characteristics, economic status, public awareness and social variables are strong determinants of households’ energy choice in the country and conformed to the propositions of “Energy Ladder Hypothesis”. We concluded by presenting concluding remarks and policy implications for decision making toward ensuring access to affordable, sustainable and efficient energy in Nigeria

Good Governance in Islam: The Nigerian Experience

This paper begins with an examination of the concept of good governance in Islam. The paper proceeds with a discussion on the precepts of good governance in Islam and the role of leadership in good governance. It is against this background that the paper looks at the Nigerian governance experience over the last few years. The paper concludes with some useful recommendations

Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnancy and Related Factors among Women Attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in General Hospital Bunza, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major cause of maternal death in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it mostly results from a deficiency of iron and folate.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anemia and the factors associated with it among pregnant women in Bunza, Nigeria. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study conducted among 327 pregnant women attending ANC in General Hospital Bunza, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Estimation of packed cell volume and RDT were alsodone for the participants; datawereanalysedusing IBMSPSS version 20. Results: The mean packed cell volume of the respondents was 30.7, with a SD 3.7 and majority of the respondents were having anemia 240(75.7%). Level of education of the respondents and their spouses, age at first pregnancy, spouses’ occupation, and the trimester at which the respondents booked were found to be significant p ?0.05for anemic status. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is high among pregnant women in Bunza, Nigeria, with the factors associated with it being the levels of education of the woman and that of her spouse, spouse’s occupation, having the first pregnancy before the age of 19 years, and late booking. Recommendations: Anemia in Pregnancy should be considered a public health problem in the LGA and state in general and girl child education should be given priority as a long term measure

Prevalence of Non-communicable Diseases and its Awareness among Inhabitants of Sokoto Metropolis: Outcome of a Screening Program for Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and Overt proteinuria

Introduction: Developing countries confront double jeopardy of prevalent infectious disease and increasing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) with imminent projected epidemic proportions. Nigeria has witnessed tremendous socio-economic changes and rural to urban migration culminating in emergence of NCD. The impact of these diseases on the lives of people is enormous when measured in terms of outcomes. We initiated a screening program among inhabitants of Sokoto metropolis in an attempt to unravel the prevalence and pattern of NCD.Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study involving 535 participants who were randomly selected during World Kidney Day Screening in Sokoto. Health promotion talk was organized for the participants before commencing the screening. We took anthropometric measurements and calculated body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio for all individuals. We also checked blood pressure and blood glucose levels and performed urinalysis for all participants.Results: There were 535 participants including 332 males and 203 females with a mean age of 37±17 years. Over-weight, obesity and morbid obesity were found in 12.3%, 6.7% and 0.9% of participants respectively. About 11% had waist/hip ratio greater than 1. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 8.5% and 30.2% respectively. Elevated random blood glucose levels were found in 6% of participants while 17.9% had at least 1+ of proteinuria in urinalysis.Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases are common in our environment and the level of awareness is low. Regular health education and screening programs are necessary in order to reduce the menace.Key words: Non- communicable disease; Prevalence; Screening; Sokot

IoT Networks: Using Machine Learning Algorithm for Service Denial Detection in Constrained Application Protocol

The paper discusses the potential threat of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks on constrained application protocols (CoAP). As billions of IoT devices are expected to be connected to the internet in the coming years, the security of these devices is vulnerable to attacks, disrupting their functioning. This research aims to tackle this issue by applying mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative for feature selection, extraction, and cluster algorithms to detect DoS attacks in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) using the Machine Learning Algorithm (MLA). The main objective of the research is to enhance the security scheme for CoAP in the IoT environment by analyzing the nature of DoS attacks and identifying a new set of features for detecting them in the IoT network environment. The aim is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the MLA in detecting DoS attacks and compare it with conventional intrusion detection systems for securing the CoAP in the IoT environment. Findings The research identifies the appropriate node to detect DoS attacks in the IoT network environment and demonstrates how to detect the attacks through the MLA. The accuracy detection in both classification and network simulation environments shows that the k-means algorithm scored the highest percentage in the training and testing of the evaluation. The network simulation platform also achieved the highest percentage of 99.93% in overall accuracy. This work reviews conventional intrusion detection systems for securing the CoAP in the IoT environment. The DoS security issues associated with the CoAP are discussed

STUDENT RESIDENCE AS FACTOR AFFECTING USE OF LIBRARY BY THE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF TWO FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA.

This study focused on student residence as factor affecting use of library by the undergraduate students of two Universities in North-Central Nigeria. It adopted a descriptive survey design and had a population of 11,732 undergraduate students from two selected federal universities in North-Central Nigeria. The study used proportionate stratified random sampling technique to sample 500 undergraduate students. Five hundred (500) copies of questionnaire were distributed and four hundred and twenty nine (429) returned; representing a return rate of 86%. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of percentages as well as mean and standard deviation frequency. The decision rule for research questions one through three was based on whether the mean score value was lower than or above the criterion mean value of 2.50 bench-mark. The findings of the study revealed that the use of library resources among undergraduate students is relatively low. The study also revealed that close proximity of libraries to student’s hostels (36.3%) positively affects the undergraduate students’ use of library resources though the effect is mild. Finally, the study recommended that University and Library Management in the universities studied should always consider the need for students’ hostels to be located close to the university libraries. This would no doubt enhance the students’ use of library. Also, university management should endeavour to provide Internet services in the entire campuses and hostels so as to improve the academic performance of the students