Anatomically constrained CT image translation for heterogeneous blood vessel segmentation

Anatomical structures such as blood vessels in contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) images can be challenging to segment due to the variability in contrast medium diffusion. The combined use of ceCT and contrast-free (CT) CT images can improve the segmentation performances, but at the cost of a double radiation exposure. To limit the radiation dose, generative models could be used to synthesize one modality, instead of acquiring it. The CycleGAN approach has recently attracted particular attention because it alleviates the need for paired data that are difficult to obtain. Despite the great performances demonstrated in the literature, limitations still remain when dealing with 3D volumes generated slice by slice from unpaired datasets with different fields of view. We present an extension of CycleGAN to generate high fidelity images, with good structural consistency, in this context. We leverage anatomical constraints and automatic region of interest selection by adapting the Self-Supervised Body Regressor. These constraints enforce anatomical consistency and allow feeding anatomically-paired input images to the algorithm. Results show qualitative and quantitative improvements, compared to stateof-the-art methods, on the translation task between ceCT and CT images (and vice versa).Comment: Accepted at BMVC 202

High efficacy of lopinavir/r-based second-line antiretroviral treatment after 24 months of follow up at ESTHER/Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The number of patients on second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens is increasing in resource-limited settings. We describe the outcomes after 24 months for patients on LPV/r-based second-line regimens followed up by the ESTHER programme in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy patients who initiated second-line HAART regimens more than 24 months earlier were included, and immuno-virological data analyzed. HIV RNA viral load was determined by real-time RT-PCR. HIV-1 drug resistance was interpreted according to the ANRS algorithm.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 70 patients, two were lost to follow up, three died and 65 (92.8%) remained on second-line treatment after 24 months of follow up (median duration of treatment: 27.4 months). At switch to second-line, the median CD4 T cell count was 106 cells/mm³and the median viral load was 4.7 Log₁₀. Second-line regimens prescribed were ddI/3TC/LPV_/r(65.7%), ddI/TDF/LPV_/r(10.0%), ddI/AZT/LPV_/r(8.6%) and TDF/3TC/LPV_/r(7.1%). The median CD4 T cell gain was +258 cells/mm³at 24 months (n = 63). After 24 months of follow up, 92.3% (60/65) of the patients presented undetectable viral loads, giving an overall treatment success rate of 85.7% (CI: 75.6- 92.0) in intent-to-treat analysis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data suggest that a LPV_/r-based second-line regimen is associated with a high rate of virological suppression and immune reconstitution after 24 months of follow up in Cambodia.</p

Caractérisation et éléments de quantification d’aléas naturels liés à l’évolution des versants dans les massifs ultrabasiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie

This thesis presents the results of research carried out jointly by the University of New Caledonia (UNC), the Nouméa center of the Institute for Research for Development (IRD) and the Bureau of Geological and Mining Research (BRGM). The scientific work undertaken relates to the theme of the natural evolution of slopes in New Caledonia. In particular, the hazards linked to land movements and particulate erosion in the peridotite massifs of New Caledonia are dealt with. The aim was to help improve the assessment of these hazards, on the one hand, by identifying the main mechanisms of change in the slopes of the ultra-basic domain, and on the other hand, by proposing analysis methods adapted to the context. Neo-Caledonian, and more generally in the high tropical islands. Maps were produced from different approaches, it should be noted that those resulting from experimental treatments can in no case be used for operational purposes. This study was financed by the Southern Province and the University of New Caledonia, with the support of the Secretary of State for Overseas Territories and the New Caledonia Directorate of Industry, Mines and Energy (DIMENC * ). It was carried out within the Multidisciplinary Pole of Matter and the Environment (PPME, EA3325) of the UNC *, at US140 ESPACE and at UR037 (IRD * Nouméa).Ce mémoire présente les résultats de recherches réalisées conjointement par l'université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), le centre de Nouméa de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) et le Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM). Les travaux scientifiques entrepris portent sur le thème de l'évolution naturelle des versants en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Sont traités en particulier les aléas liés aux mouvements de terrain et à l'érosion particulaire dans les massifs de péridotites de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Il s'agissait de contribuer à améliorer l'évaluation de ces aléas, d'une part, en identifiant les principaux mécanismes d'évolution des versants du domaine ultrabasique, et d'autre part, en proposant des méthodes d'analyse adaptées au contexte néocalédonien, et plus généralement aux îles hautes tropicales.Des cartes ont été produites à partir de différentes approches, il est à noter que celles issues de traitements expérimentaux ne peuvent en aucun cas être utilisées à des fins opérationnelles.Cette étude a été financée par la Province Sud et l'université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avec le concours du secrétariat d'État à l'outre-mer et de la Direction de l'Industrie, des Mines et de l'Énergie de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (DIMENC*). Elle a été réalisée au sein du Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME, EA3325) de l'UNC*, à l'US140 ESPACE et à l'UR037(IRD* Nouméa)

Procureur financier : un métier en constante évolution

Les procureurs financiers des chambres régionales et territoriales des comptes exercent de très nombreuses missions, au travers desquelles ils veillent au respect de la loi. Ils ont su s’imposer comme des acteurs clés du fonctionnement de leur juridiction. Ils forment avec les magistrats du parquet général de la Cour des comptes un réseau soudé et efficace qui contribue fortement à la qualité et la sécurité juridique des procédures et des travaux d’instruction et d’élaboration des rapports, des avis et des jugements rendus par leur juridiction. Ils assurent également les relations avec les autorités judiciaires et administratives dotées ou non d’un pouvoir de sanction.</jats:p

Spatial Pattern Mining for Soil Erosion Characterization

National audienceno abstrac

Spatial Pattern Mining for Soil Erosion Characterization

National audienceno abstrac

Spatial Pattern Mining for Soil Erosion Characterization

National audienceno abstrac