135 research outputs found
Approfondissement du lien entre l'agression sexuelle et les comportements sexuels problématiques chez les enfants de 12 ans et moins
Dans les milieux dâintervention, les enfants rĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s pour agression sexuelle (AS) et ceux rĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s pour comportements sexuels problĂ©matiques (CSP) sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement perçus comme deux populations cliniques distinctes. Bien que des services spĂ©cifiques soient dispensĂ©s Ă ces deux clientĂšles, il est possible dâobserver de nombreux chevauchements entre ces deux clientĂšles dans la littĂ©rature scientifique. Or, ces nombreux chevauchements pourraient suggĂ©rer quâune certaine proportion de ces enfants puisse prĂ©senter des caractĂ©ristiques et des besoins communs en matiĂšre dâintervention.
Cette thĂšse par articles a pour objectif dâapprofondir notre comprĂ©hension du lien entre les problĂ©matiques de lâAS et celle des CSP, par la production de deux articles qui traitent de cette question sous deux angles diffĂ©rents, soit un premier article portant sur les facteurs associĂ©s au dĂ©veloppement des CSP et un second article portant sur lâidentification de profils psychosociaux chez les enfants rĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s pour AS ou pour des CSP.
Le premier article de la thĂšse recense de façon systĂ©matique les facteurs associĂ©s aux CSP, Ă partir de 18 Ă©tudes sĂ©lectionnĂ©es en fonction de critĂšres prĂ©alablement dĂ©finis. Une adaptation du modĂšle thĂ©orique proposĂ© par Friedrich (2007) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour classer les facteurs recensĂ©s au sein de cinq domaines de risque liĂ©s au dĂ©veloppement des CSP. Les rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent que la vaste majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes sâĂ©tant penchĂ©es sur le lien entre lâAS et les CSP concluent que les enfants manifestant des CSP sont davantage susceptibles dâavoir Ă©tĂ© victimes dâAS que les enfants ne manifestant pas de CSP. En outre, les rĂ©sultats de la recension confirment la pertinence du modĂšle thĂ©orique proposĂ© pour expliquer le dĂ©veloppement des CSP.
Quant Ă lui, le second article vise Ă 1) identifier les diffĂ©rents profils psychosociaux dâenfants rĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s Ă des services en raison de leurs CSP ou suite Ă une AS subie, et 2) comparer la proportion dâenfants issus de ces deux clientĂšles dans chacun des profils identifiĂ©s. LâĂ©chantillon est constituĂ© de 147 enfants quĂ©bĂ©cois (62 % de garçons) ĂągĂ©s de 6 Ă 12 ans, dont 117 enfants qui sont en voie de recevoir un traitement destinĂ© aux enfants qui prĂ©sentent des CSP et 30 enfants pour qui une AS a Ă©tĂ© jugĂ©e fondĂ©e par les services de protection de lâenfance. Les indicateurs de quatre des cinq domaines de risque de lâadaptation du modĂšle thĂ©orique de Friedrich (2007) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s dans la crĂ©ation des profils psychosociaux. Ă partir dâune analyse de classes latentes, trois profils psychosociaux dâenfants ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s : 1) les enfants rĂ©silients, 2) les enfants impliquĂ©s dans un cycle intergĂ©nĂ©rationnel de maltraitance, et 3) les enfants au fonctionnement grandement perturbĂ©. Par ailleurs, les enfants rĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s pour des CSP et ceux rĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s suite Ă une AS se rĂ©partissent dans des proportions similaires dans chacun des profils. Les rĂ©sultats soutiennent lâhypothĂšse selon laquelle les enfants issus des deux clientĂšles pourraient bĂ©nĂ©ficier dâinterventions qui tiennent compte des spĂ©cificitĂ©s des trois profils psychosociaux identifiĂ©s, plutĂŽt quâen privilĂ©giant une intervention standard pour chacune des clientĂšles.
En somme, les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse contribuent Ă dĂ©montrer un chevauchement important entre les deux clientĂšles Ă l'Ă©tude. De plus, les rĂ©sultats exposent certaines caractĂ©ristiques communes chez une proportion importante dâenfants issus des deux clientĂšles, dont les symptĂŽmes liĂ©s au trauma, les problĂšmes de comportements extĂ©riorisĂ©s et la victimisation du parent dans lâenfance. Ainsi, il pourrait ĂȘtre judicieux dâexplorer la possibilitĂ© dâoffrir des interventions qui soient assorties aux particularitĂ©s cliniques des enfants, plutĂŽt quâen fonction du motif de rĂ©fĂ©rence aux services dâintervention (AS ou CSP)
Is Bigger Better? Corpus and Dictionary Use in the Search for Compounds, Collocations, Derived Forms and Fixed Expressions
In the course of the development of a bilingual dictionary, a number of monolingual source language and target language dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries, and text corpora are typically used as tools to create entries. When dealing with words that occur at a high frequency in the corpus, determining which collocations, compounds, derived forms and fixed expressions are to be included in the dictionary is an additional complication. This paper presents the relative merits of using dictionary and corpus sources for searching for this type of information. We present frequency searching as an efficient and useful tool for corpus analysis, especially in the case of high-frequency words.La crĂ©ation dâentrĂ©es dans le cadre de lâĂ©laboration dâun dictionnaire bilingue mobilise habituellement des dictionnaires unilingues dans les langues source et cible, des dictionnaires bilingues ainsi que des corpus textuels. En outre, la frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e de certains mots dans le corpus impose une sĂ©lection des collocations, des mots composĂ©s, des formes dĂ©rivĂ©es et des expressions figĂ©es Ă inclure dans le dictionnaire. Le prĂ©sent article offre un aperçu des avantages dĂ©coulant de la combinaison de lâusage des sources dictionnairiques et des corpus de donnĂ©es. Nous proposons que la recherche par frĂ©quence est un paramĂštre particuliĂšrement utile pour rĂ©soudre les difficultĂ©s posĂ©es par lâĂ©tude de mots prĂ©sents dans le corpus Ă une frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e
Recommandation de placement de lâenfant dans le contexte de la protection de la jeunesse : facteurs associĂ©s = Recommendation of placement into foster care : associated factors
La décision de retirer un enfant de son milieu familial
reprĂ©sente lâune des dĂ©cisions les plus difficiles pour les intervenants sociaux. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă explorer les caractĂ©ristiques des enfants, des parents, des familles et des problĂ©matiques du signalement qui sont associĂ©es Ă la recommandation du placement de lâenfant lors de la prise en charge de ce dernier par la protection de la jeunesse. LâĂ©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă partir dâun Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif de 2230 enfants pris en charge par les services de protection de la jeunesse au QuĂ©bec, tirĂ© de lâĂtude dâIncidence QuĂ©bĂ©coise (ĂIQ). Les analyses de rĂ©gression logistique montrent que treize caractĂ©ristiques sont associĂ©es Ă la recommandation du placement de lâenfant. Ces variables associĂ©es sont liĂ©es : 1) aux caractĂ©ristiques des figures parentales (une coopĂ©ration parentale inadĂ©quate, un nombre de problĂšmes connus du parent plus Ă©levĂ© et la prĂ©sence dâun adulte significatif dans la vie de lâenfant autre que les figures parentales), 2) aux caractĂ©ristiques des familles (une structure familiale non traditionnelle : recomposĂ©e ou monoparentale, un seul enfant de la famille a Ă©tĂ© signalĂ© et un logement jugĂ© non sĂ©curitaire), 3) aux caractĂ©ristiques des enfants (enfant de moins de 2 ans ou de plus de 14 ans et un nombre Ă©levĂ© de besoins pour lâenfant), et 4) aux caractĂ©ristiques des problĂ©matiques (plus dâune problĂ©matique signalĂ©e, un signalement pour abandon, un signalement qui ne concerne pas une situation « autre » de mauvais traitements, un nombre Ă©levĂ© dâatteintes Ă la santĂ© mentale et un signalement provenant dâune membre de la famille). La discussion porte sur la pertinence de ces caractĂ©ristiques dans les discussions cliniques impliquant une dĂ©cision de placer un enfant.
Recommending placement into foster care is one of the most difficult decisions for a child welfare worker to make. The aim of this study is to explore child, parent, family and maltreatment characteristics associated with placement recommendation in the representative sample of
the Quebec youth protection agency clientele (N = 2230 children) from the Quebec Incidence Study (QIS). Logistic regression reveals 13 characteristics associated with recommending placement: three parent characteristics (inadequate parental cooperation, higher number of
parental problems, presence of significant adult in childâs life other than parental figures); three
family characteristics (reconstituted/single-parent family, only one child in family reported to youth protection agency and non-secure home); two child characteristics (under 2 or over 14 years of age and high number of child needs); and five maltreatment characteristics (more than one problem reported to youth protection agency, child reported abandoned, report does
not involve âotherâ maltreatment type, high number of mental health sequelae and report by family member). The discussion focuses on the pertinence of these characteristics in clinical discussions involving the decision to place a child
A qualitative reflexive thematic analysis of innovation and regulation in hearing health care
Background: The hearing health sector is an example of a health sector that is experiencing a period of rapid innovation driven by digital technologies. These innovations will impact the types of interventions and services available to support the communication of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. This study explored the perceptions of informed participants on the topic of innovation and regulation within hearing healthcare in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: Participants (N = 29, Australia [n = 16], UK [n = 13]) were purposively sampled and joined one of two online workshops. Participants included adults with hearing loss and family members, hearing health professionals, academics/researchers, representatives of hearing device manufacturers, regulators and policymakers. Workshop data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Participants conceptualised the hearing health sector as a network of organisations and individuals with different roles, knowledge and interests, in a state of flux driven by innovation and regulation. Innovation and regulation were perceived as mechanisms to ensure quality and mitigate risk within a holistic approach to care. Innovations encompassed technological as well as non-technological innovations of potential benefit to consumers. Participants agreed it was essential for innovation and regulation to be congruent with societal values. Critical to ethical congruence was the involvement of consumers throughout both innovation and regulation stages, and the use of innovation and regulation to tackle stigma and reduce health disparities. Participants expressed the desire for accessible and inclusive innovation in the context of fair, transparent and trustworthy commercial practices. Conclusions: This study explored how stakeholders within the hearing health sector understand and make sense of innovation and the role of regulation. Overall, and despite reservations relating to health care professionalsâ changing roles and responsibilities, innovation and regulation were conceptualised as beneficial when situated in the context of holistic, whole-person, models of care. The results of this study will inform considerations to support the development and implementation of innovations and regulation within the hearing sector and across other health sectors influenced by technological advances
Des scandales Ă la vertu : gouvernance interne et reddition de comptes des OBNL Ă Laval
Le scandale de la corruption dans lâoctroi de contrats publics qui a menĂ© Ă lâarrestation de lâex-maire Gilles Vaillancourt en 2013 a conduit la Ville de Laval Ă rĂ©former en profondeur ses mĂ©canismes de gouvernance. Pourquoi et comment sâest effectuĂ© ce virage? Cette table ronde vise Ă prĂ©senter les multiples facettes de la mise en oeuvre des bonnes pratiques en matiĂšre de gouvernance selon deux volets, soit la gouvernance des instances consultatives internes et la reddition de comptes des organismes Ă but non lucratif (OBNL) recevant un appui financier direct ou indirect de la Ville
Relationships between physical activity across lifetime and health outcomes in older adults: Results from the NuAge cohort
Abstract: Objectives: This study aims to (1) describe participation in four physical activity (PA) domains across life and (2) examine the influence of PA during adolescence, early, mid-life, and later adulthood on health variables at older age. Design: Retrospective, observational, population-based cohort. Setting: Longitudinal study Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging study ParticipantS: 1 378 healthy older adults (667 men; 711 women; aged 67-84 yrs at baseline) Measurements: Using a modified version of the interviewer-administered Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire (LTPAQ) and life events calendar to facilitate the recall, participants reported the frequency, duration, and intensity of occupational (OPA), commuting (CPA), household (HPA), and leisure time (LTPA) they participated in at the ages of 15, 25, 45, and 65 years and at the first follow-up (aged 68-85 yrs at follow-up). Fat mass, lean body mass, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, self-reported chronic diseases, and socio-demographic were assessed at baseline. Results: Changes in PA differed across sex and PA domain. However, there was a general decline in all PA domains among both sexes after the age of 65. In multiple regression analyses, current LTPA was systematically associated with more favorable waist to hip ratio and fat mass in both sexes, whereas CPA, OPA, and HPA across life were not consistently associated with health variables. Conclusion: PA domains during adolescence, early adulthood, and mid-life were not directly related to health variables at older age, while current LTPA was, suggesting it is never too late to start
A collaborative model to implement flexible, accessible and efficient oncogenetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer : the C-MOnGene study
Medical genetic services are facing an unprecedented demand for counseling and testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in a context of limited resources. To help resolve this issue, a collaborative oncogenetic model was recently developed and implemented at the CHU de Québec-Université Laval; Quebec; Canada. Here, we present the protocol of the C-MOnGene (Collaborative Model in OncoGenetics) study, funded to examine the context in which the model was implemented and document the lessons that can be learned to optimize the delivery of oncogenetic services. Within three years of implementation, the model allowed researchers to double the annual number of patients seen in genetic counseling. The average number of days between genetic counseling and disclosure of test results significantly decreased. Group counseling sessions improved participants' understanding of breast cancer risk and increased knowledge of breast cancer and genetics and a large majority of them reported to be overwhelmingly satisfied with the process. These quality and performance indicators suggest this oncogenetic model offers a flexible, patient-centered and efficient genetic counseling and testing for HBOC. By identifying the critical facilitating factors and barriers, our study will provide an evidence base for organizations interested in transitioning to an oncogenetic model integrated into oncology care; including teams that are not specialized but are trained in genetics
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