Congresso e política externa: a ratificação do tratado sobre comércio de armas

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Socioeconômico. Relações Internacionais.O Tratado Sobre Comércio de Armas foi assinado pelo Brasil em 2013. Desde lá, esteve em tramitação até sua ratificação em 2018. Dentre os mais de trezentos tratados internacionais tramitados entre 2010 e 2018, apenas sete levaram mais de cinco anos para serem concluídos, o que levanta nosso questionamento sobre quais teriam sido os impeditivos a uma tramitação célere do Tratado Sobre Comércio de Armas - que o colocaram nessa posição de exceção. Nossa hipótese é a de que esse tempo se justifica devido à participação ativa do Congresso Nacional no processo, sendo então o objetivo da pesquisa a compreensão do escopo de sua atuação. Para tal, a metodologia do trabalho concerne pesquisa sobre fontes primárias - como gravações de áudios de audiência pública, reuniões de Comissões Parlamentares e documentos oficiais - e secundárias - principalmente a literatura relacionada a relação entre as Instituições. Desenvolvemos inicialmente quais são historicamente os papeis atribuídos ao poder Executivo e ao Legislativo em matéria de política externa. Num segundo momento, desenvolvemos como se deu a Tramitação do TCA e encontramos três grandes momentos em que seu andamento estancou. Um deles foi enquanto o Tratado estava sob mãos do Poder Executivo. Os outros dois ocorreram enquanto dentro das Comissões de Relações Exteriores e de Defesa Nacional e da Comissão de Segurança Pública e Combate ao Crime Organizado, ambas da Câmara dos Deputados. Em comum, seus relatores sendo membros da “bancada da bala”, cujo discurso de revisão do Estatuto do Desarmamento respingou no TCA. Encontramos na Tramitação deste Tratado uma participação ativa dos parlamentares, de membros da sociedade, de ONGs e de diferentes ministérios, e sugerimos a lentidão de seu processo a elevada politização do tema, principalmente devido à “bancada da bala”.The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) was signed by Brazil in 2013. Since then, it’s been processed until it’s ratification in 2018. Among more of three hundred international treaties processed between 2010 and 2018, solely seven took more than five years until its’ conclusion, which makes us ask which could have been the impediments for a fast processing. Our hypothesis is that this time is justified by an active Congress participation, therefore we aim the comprehension of its’ participation scope. Thereunto, our methodology concerns researches over primary sources - as public audiencies audio records, Parliamentary Committees’ meetings and official documents - and secondary sources - mainly related to the relation between Institutions. Initially, we developed the historical roles attributed to the Executive and Legislative powers over international politics. After that, we explicate how was the ATT process, which is also when we found three moments of the process’ stagnation. The first had part in the beginning, while it was been taken care by the Executive Power. The last ones occurred while inside the Chamber of Deputies International Relations Committee and Public Security and Fight Against Organized Crime Committee. The rapporteurs of both of them have got in common it’s participation in the bancada da bala , which argues in favor of the revision of the Disarmament Statute. We found out in this work during the ATT process an active participation of the parliamentary, of society and NGOs members and also a contribution from diverse Government Ministries. We suggest that its’ slow process is due to the themes’ high politicization, mainly due to bancada da bala

La educación universitaria en Paraguay en el contexto del modo de producción capitalista: un análisis de caso.

Trabajo de conclusión de curso presentado al Instituto Latinoamericano de Economía, Política y Sociedad, como requisito parcial a la obtención del título de Licenciada en el curso de Ciencia Política y Sociología, Sociedad, Estado y Política en América Latina. Orientador: Fernando Gabriel Romero.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal realizar un análisis crítico de la educación universitaria en el contexto del modo de producción capitalista en Paraguay a partir del estudio de la Universidad San Carlos, que se presenta con el slogan “Formando Líderes en Agronegocio”. Con base en los elementos teóricos como modo de producción, ideologización, división social del trabajo, profesionalización y Estado burgués, se explica de qué manera se expresa el proyecto de clase social de esta Universidad, teniendo en cuenta las propuestas político-pedagógicas de dicha institución. En este marco, la investigación problematiza sobre el agronegocio en Paraguay, analizando cómo los sujetos de la Universidad San Carlos entienden y expresan lo que es un “líder en agronegocios”, a partir de su formación en la institución. En las conclusiones generales se evalúa la funcionalidad de la educación de esta Universidad en referencia al sostenimiento y reproducción del modo de producción capitalista en Paraguay.Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal realizar uma análise crítica da educação universitária no contexto do modo de produção capitalista no Paraguai a partir do estudo da Universidade San Carlos, que se apresenta com o slogan “Formando Líderes em Agronegócio”. Com base nos elementos teóricos marxistas como modo de produção, ideologização, divisão social do trabalho, profesionalização, Estado burguês, se explica de que maneira se expressa o projeto de classe social desta Universidade, tendo em conta as propostas politico-pedagógicas de dita instituição. Neste marco, a pesquisa também problematiza sobre o agronegócio no Paraguai, analisando como os sujeitos da Universidade San Carlos entendem e expressam o que é o “líder em agronegócio”, a partir da sua formação na instituição. Nas conclusões finais se avalia a funcionalidade da educação desta Universidade em referencia ao sustento e reprodução do modo de produção capitalista no Paragua

Enteroparasitosis y desnutrición en escolares del distrito de Concepción de la unidad de salud familiar, Paraguay

Objective: To determine the frequency of intestinal parasitosis and the nutritional status in children aged 5 to 12 years treated at the Culantrillo Family Health Unit in the City of Concepción Paraguay in the period 2019-2020. Materials and methods. Type of research of the study was observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The population consisted of 90 children. The parasitological diagnosis carried out used the direct method in physiological saline solution and Lugol staining, the Willis flotation method and the 10% formalin ether concentration method. Each child underwent the corresponding anthropometric measurement to determine the nutritional status. Results: In relation to parasitosis, the diagnostic study was carried out on 90 children and it was found that 81.14% (73/90) were parasitized, with Blastocystis hominis being the most frequent 58%. In relation to nutritional status, it was found that 6.69% of the children were moderately malnourished and 20% were at risk of malnutrition. Of which 54.4% were with adequate weight. More than half of the children were male, 54.4%. Conclusion. There is a relationship between parasitosis and nutritional status in children aged 5 to 12 years treated at the Culantrillo Family Health Unit Post in the district of Concepción, of which the most frequent parasites were Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia and there was a greater presence of risk of malnutrition.Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia que existe de la parasitosis intestinal y el estado nutricional en niños de 5 a 12 años atendidos en la Unidad de Salud Familiar de Culantrillo de la Ciudad de Concepción Paraguay en el periodo 2019- 2020. Materiales y métodos. Tipo de investigación del estudio fue observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, y retrospectivo. La población estuvo conformada por 90 niños. El diagnóstico parasitológico realizado utilizó el método directo en solución salina fisiológica y coloración con lugol, el método de flotación de Willis y el de concentración éter formalina al 10%, a cada niño se le hizo la medición antropométrica correspondiente para determinar el estado nutricional. Resultados: En relación a la parasitosis, el estudio diagnóstico se realizó a 90 niños y se encontró que el 81,14% (73/90) estaba parasitado, siendo Blastocystis hominis el más frecuente 58%.  En relación al estado nutricional se encontró que el 6,69% de los niños estaba con desnutrición moderada y el 20% presentó riesgo de desnutrición. De los cuales el 54,4% estaba con peso adecuado. Más de la mitad de niños pertenecieron al sexo masculino 54,4%. Conclusión. Existe relación entre la parasitosis y el estado nutricional en los niños de 5 a 12 años atendidos en el Puesto de Unidad de Salud Familiar Culantrillo del distrito de Concepción de de los cuales los parásitos más frecuentes fueron Blastocystis hominis y Giardia lamblia y hubo mayor presencia de riego de desnutrició

Ensemble models using symbolic regression and genetic programming for uncertainty estimation in ESG and alternative investments

Trustable models exploit the diversity of model forms developed using symbolic regression via genetic programming to define ensemble models. These models have been shown empirically to have a strong predictive performance and the ability to extrapolate into regions of unknown parameter space or detect changes in the underlying system. This chapter demonstrates how the same technique for quantifying uncertainty is helpful in risk management workflows for alternative investing, especially when applying behavioral science principles. The use cases cover assets such as publicly traded private equities, specifically when the optimization objectives include financial and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, and ESG ETFs. This chapter provides an overview of these asset classes and a critical review of the issues with how current ESG ratings are formulated by rating agencies. Additionally, explicit uncertainty ranges are obtained, using an ensemble modeling approach, at a sufficiently high accuracy level to trust the uncertainty measurement. Future research is necessary to refine the approach presented as more data becomes available

A Complexity-Informed Methodology for Interdisciplinary Dialogues: Key Questions and Challenges for Theory, Research and Practice on Modes of Thinking (In) Complexity

The study of complex systems has led to deep transformations in our modes of thinking, challenging our conceptions of reality and, with them, our roles and possibilities for action as agents in a complex world. A variety of modes of thinking co-exist within the fuzzy boundaries of the domain of complexity studies. Different modes of thinking complexity and of thinking ‘in’ complexity (enacting its principles) can be distinguished in the literature, even though they are not always explicitly identified. Despite the seminal calls of Edgar Morin for the development of more generalised modes of complex thinking, this is still an underdeveloped area of research and practice under the scope of Complexity Studies. This paper aims to make a contribution to the understanding of complexity and complex systems by offering a discussion around the complexity of the modes of thinking complexity. We report both the process and the outcomes of an interdisciplinary workshop aimed at identifying key theoretical, empirical, methodological and pragmatic challenges and questions pertaining to how we think, build, coordinate and practise different modes of thinking complexity and of thinking in complexity (thinking complexly). The workshop adopted a collaborative and dialogical approach organised by a methodology grounded in a theoretical framework for the practice of complex thinking. The methodology was designed to support complex relational dialogues and facilitate emergence (e.g. of new ideas; approaches; levels of understanding; solutions) in the collective discussion. We conducted a mixed-method evaluation of both the process and contents of the discussion using a combination of inductive qualitative thematic analysis and network analysis. The results point towards new areas for interdisciplinary research and practice, signposting domains that have been under explored within the realm of complexity studies and complexity sciences

Successful field performance in dry-warm environments of soybean expressing the sunflower transcription factor HaHB4

Soybean yield is limited primarily by abiotic constraints. No transgenic soybean with improved abiotic-stress tolerance is available in the market. We transformed soybean plants with genetic constructs able to express the sunflower transcription factor HaHB4, which confers drought tolerance to Arabidopsis and wheat plants. One line (b10H) carrying the sunflower promoter was chosen among three independent lines because it exhibited the best performance in seed yield (SY). Such line was evaluated in the greenhouse and in twenty-seven field trials developed in different environments of Argentina. In greenhouse experiments, transgenic plants showed increased SY under stress conditions together with wider epycotyl diameter, enlarged xylem area and enhanced water use efficiency than controls. They also exhibited enhanced SY in warm-dry field conditions. This response was accompanied by the increased in seed number that was not compensated by the decreased in individual seed weight. The transcriptome analysis of plants from a field trial with maximum SY difference between genotypes indicated an induction of genes encoding redox and heat shock proteins in b10H. Collectively, our results indicate that soybeans transformed with HaHB4 are expected to have reduced SY penalization when cropped in warm-dry conditions, which constitute the best target environments for this technology.Fil: Ribichich, Karina Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Chiozza, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ávalos-Britez, Selva. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Cabello, Julieta Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Arce, Agustín Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Watson, Geronimo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Arias, Claudia Vanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas; ArgentinaFil: Portapila, Margarita Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas; ArgentinaFil: Trucco, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Otegui, Maria Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Chan, Raquel Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; Argentin