3,262 research outputs found
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the gonadotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide and benefits of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in women of child-bearing age with autoimmune rheumatic disease
Objectives: To systematically review the risk of sustained amenorrhoea with intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide in autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD), and evaluate the efficacy of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to reduce this risk. /
Methods: Systematic search for papers reporting the incidence of sustained amenorrhoea ≥ 12 months in ARD following: IV cyclophosphamide; or GnRHa and IV cyclophosphamide compared to IV cyclophosphamide alone. /
Results: From 31 articles and 1388 patients with a mean age of 27.7 years, sustained amenorrhoea occurred in 273 patients (19.7%). Of 56 patients (mean age range 23.9-25.6 years) receiving GnRHa and IV cyclophosphamide, and 37 controls (mean age range 25-30.1 years) given IV cyclophosphamide only, sustained amenorrhoea occurred in 2/56 (3.6%) patients treated with GnRHa, compared to 15/37 (40.5%) controls. Pooled odds ratio of sustained amenorrhoea with GnRHa and cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide alone was 0.054 (95% CI 0.0115-0.2576 p<0.001), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 2.7 (95% CI 1.955-4.388) and absolute risk reduction of 36.95% (95% CI 35.6-38.4%). /
Conclusion: Sustained amenorrhoea with IV cyclophosphamide was observed in patients with ARD, especially with increasing age and cumulative doses >5g. GnRHa reduced this risk and should be considered with IV cyclophosphamide in women of childbearing age with ARD
Theory of Unconventional Spin Density Wave: A Possible Mechanism of the Micromagnetism in U-based Heavy Fermion Compounds
We propose a novel spin density wave (SDW) state as a possible mechanism of
the anomalous antiferromagnetism, so-called the micromagnetism, in URu_2Si_2
below 17.5[K]. In this new SDW, the electron-hole pair amplitude changes its
sign in the momentum space as in the case of the unconventional
superconductivity. It is shown that this state can be realized in an extended
Hubbard model within the mean field theory. We also examine some characteristic
properties of this SDW to compare with the experimental results. All these
properties well explain the unsolved problem of the micromagnetism.Comment: REVTeX v3.1, 4 pages, 5 figure
The Liberal Playground: Susan Isaacs, Psychoanalysis and Progressive Education in the Interwar Era
The Cambridge Malting House, an experimental school, serves here as a case study for investigating the tensions within 1920s liberal elites between their desire to abandon some Victorian and Edwardian sets of values in favour of more democratic ones, and at the same time their insistence on preserving themselves as an integral part of the English upper class. Susan Isaacs, the manager of the Malting House, provided the parents – some of whom were the most famous scientists and intellectuals of their age – with an opportunity to fulfil their ‘fantasy’ of bringing up children in total freedom. In retrospect, however, she deeply criticized those from their milieu for not fully understanding the real socio-cultural implications of their ideological decision to make independence and freedom the core values in their children’s education. Thus, 1920s progressive education is a paradigmatic case study of the cultural and ideological inner contradictions within liberal thought in the interwar era. The article also shows how psychoanalysis – which attracted many progressive educators – played a crucial role in providing liberals of all sorts with a new language to articulate their political visions, but, at the same time, explored the limits of the liberal discourse as a whole
Coexisting Kondo singlet state with antiferromagnetic long-range order: A possible ground state for Kondo insulators
The ground-state phase diagram of a half-filled anisotropic Kondo lattice
model is calculated within a mean-field theory. For small transverse exchange
coupling , the ground state shows an antiferromagnetic
long-range order with finite staggered magnetizations of both localized spins
and conduction electrons. When , the long-range order
is destroyed and the system is in a disordered Kondo singlet state with a
hybridization gap. Both ground states can describe the low-temperature phases
of Kondo insulating compounds. Between these two distinct phases, there may be
a coexistent regime as a result of the balance between local Kondo screening
and magnetic interactions.Comment: four pages, Revtex, one figure; to be published in Phys. Rev. B, 1
July issue, 200
Inflection point in the magnetic field dependence of the ordered moment of URu2Si2 observed by neutron scattering in fields up to 17 T
We have measured the magnetic field dependence of the ordered
antiferromagnetic moment and the magnetic excitations in the heavy-fermion
superconductor URu2Si2 for fields up to 17 Tesla applied along the tetragonal c
axis, using neutron scattering. The decrease of the magnetic intensity of the
tiny moment with increasing field does not follow a simple power law, but shows
a clear inflection point, indicating that the moment disappears first at the
metamagnetic transition at ~40 T. This suggests that the moment m is connected
to a hidden order parameter Phi which belongs to the same irreducible
representation breaking time-reversal symmetry. The magnetic excitation gap at
the antiferromagnetic zone center Q=(1,0,0) increases continuously with
increasing field, while that at Q=(1.4,0,0) is nearly constant. This field
dependence is opposite to that of the gap extracted from specific-heat data.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Resonant X-Ray Scattering on the M-Edge Spectra from Triple-k Structure Phase in U_{0.75}Np_{0.25}O_{2} and UO_{2}
We derive an expression for the scattering amplitude of resonant x-ray
scattering under the assumption that the Hamiltonian describing the
intermediate state preserves spherical symmetry. On the basis of this
expression, we demonstrate that the energy profile of the RXS spectra expected
near U and Np M_4 edges from the triple-k antiferromagnetic ordering phase in
UO_{2} and U_{0.75}Np_{0.25}O_{2} agree well with those from the experiments.
We demonstrate that the spectra in the \sigma-\sigma' and \sigma-\pi' channels
exhibit quadrupole and dipole natures, respectively.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Supp
Development and Characterization of Gallium-Doped Bioactive Glasses for Potential Bone Cancer Applications
In this study, we have developed a series of novel gallium oxide doped bioactive glasses to specifically target osteosarcoma cells while aiding new bone formation. The results show that osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cell death is induced through the addition of gallium oxide. Relative to the gallium-free control glass (0% Ga) glasses containing 1, 2, and 3% Ga decreased Saos-2 cell viability in a dose dependent manner. After 72 h in media preconditioned with 3% Ga Saos-2 cell viability was reduced by over 50%. Corresponding studies undertaken on primary normal human osteoblast cells (NHOst) demonstrated no adverse effects to the gallium containing glasses. Hydroxyapatite formation was observed for all glasses when exposed to simulated body fluid
Dynamical density-density correlations in one-dimensional Mott insulators
The dynamical density-density correlation function is calculated for the
one-dimensional, half-filled Hubbard model extended with nearest neighbor
repulsion using the Lanczos algorithm for finite size systems and analytically
for large on site repulsion compared to hopping amplitudes. At the zone
boundary an excitonic feature exists for any finite nearest neighbor repulsion
and exhausts most of the spectral weight, even for parameters where no exciton
is visible at zero momentum.Comment: 5 pages, REVTeX, epsf, 3 postscript figure
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‘I don’t think there’s anything I can do which can keep me healthy’: how the UK immigration and asylum system shapes the health & wellbeing of refugees and asylum seekers in Scotland
Many migrant groups, particularly those that are politically and economically marginalised, such as asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs), face inequities in access to health care as well as poorer physical and mental health outcomes. The role of post-arrival experiences in contributing to these inequities is increasingly being explored, and it is suggested that being a migrant is itself a determinant of health outcomes. Drawing on the theoretical concept of structural vulnerability, this paper explores ASRs’ experiences of health, wellbeing, and health practices in the context of their lived realities in Scotland. 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with ASRs from Sub-Saharan Africa between January and December 2015. Data were explored using thematic analysis. Experience of the UK asylum system, both alone and in conjunction with other sources of vulnerability including racism, poverty, and language barriers had a negative and ongoing impact on the physical and mental health of ASRs. These impacts continued, even once refugee status was obtained. Efforts to engage ASRs in preventive health programmes and practices must take into account the ways in which the asylum system acts as a determinant of health, affecting both what it means to be healthy and what capacity individuals have to engage with their health. Political choices in how the asylum process is enacted have far-reaching implications for individual and population health
Momentum-Resolved Charge Excitations in a Prototype One Dimensional Mott Insulator
We report momentum resolved charge excitations in a one dimensional (1-D)
Mott insulator studied using high resolution (~ 325 meV) inelastic x-ray
scattering over the entire Brillouin zone for the first time. Excitations at
the insulating gap edge are found to be highly dispersive (momentum
dependent)compared to excitations observed in two dimensional Mott insulators.
The observed dispersion in 1-D is consistent with charge excitations involving
holons which is unique to spin-1/2 quantum chain systems. These results point
to the potential utility of inelastic x-ray scattering in providing valuable
information about electronic structure of strongly correlated insulators.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Revised with minor change
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