Composición de nidos de aves silvestres en parques urbanos y periurbanos del centro del Estado de Veracruz, México

La urbanización modifica la abundancia y tipo de materiales naturales usados por aves en la nidación. La incorporación de materiales antrópicos (de uso humano) al nido es riesgosa para los polluelos y el éxito reproductivo de las poblaciones. En este trabajo se evalúa la composición de nidos de aves silvestres en parques urbanos y periurbanos de Xalapa y Coatepec, Veracruz, México. Durante marzo- julio 2017, se eligieron dos parques urbanos y tres periurbanos en Xalapa y uno urbano en Coatepec, donde se colectaron en general diez nidos inactivos por mes en cada parque. Los nidos fueron secados y los materiales separados y pesados en una balanza analítica considerando cuatro criterios: material vegetal (MVE), material de origen animal (MOA), material de sustrato (MSU) y antrópico (MAN). Por cada tipo de material se obtuvo el porcentaje relativo. Un ANOVA con interacciones de dos vías (tipo de material y tipo de parque) fue utilizado para establecer diferencias en los porcentajes relativos transformados a raíz cuadrada del arcoseno. Un ACP mostró grupos de los materiales usados. Sólo la composición de nidos fue diferente entre tipos de materiales (F3,1312  = 2637.26, P < 0.001) siendo el MVE y MSU mayormente representados 1.28 ± 0.016 y 0.24 ± 0.016 (media del arcoseno ± EE). Dos componentes explicaron el 93.2% de la variación. El CP1 (2.2203 eigenvalor) se relacionó con el peso del MOA y el MAN, y el CP2 (1.5077 eigenvalor) con el MVE. Se concluye que las aves usaron mayor MVE en sus nidos con fines estructurales y de revestimiento, independientemente del ambiente urbano o periurbano

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data