An Interface for Remote Sensing Digital Image Systems and Geographic Information Systems

An interfacing technique, zonation algorithms (ZONAL), which provides a means of utilizing LANDSAT information in a polygon-based geographic information system (GIS) is discussed. The ZONAL mechanisms are based on the use of existing GIS polynomial layer, thereby making the process entirely automated

Providing hot water for milking parlor chores

W. W. Irish and Fred Crawford (Department of Agricultural Engineering), Barry J. Steevens (Department of Dairy Husbandry, College of Agriculture)Revised 11/78/5

Ultimate Load-Deflection Characteristics and Failure Modes of Ceiling Diaphragms for Farm Buildings

Load-deflection characteristics and failure modes of metal-clad, timber-framed, screw-fastened ceiling diaphragms are presented. Diaphragms, 2.44 m x 6.10 m (8 ft x 20 ft) and 2.44 m x 4.88 m (8 ft x 16 ft), were built and tested as deep beams. Loads were applied to simulate wind loads on ceilings of farm buildings. Variables included panel profile, rib orientation, size of supporting grid, diaphragm size, spacing of end-fasteners, and effect of an opening at midspan

Combined immunosuppressive therapy with low dose FK506 and antimetabolites in rat allogeneic heart transplantation

Following rat heterotopic heart allotransplantation, low to lethal doses of the antimetabolites mizoribine (MIZ), RS-61443 (RS), and AZA were given alone or in combination with subtherapeutic doses of FK506 (0.04 mg/kg/day) for 14 days after transplantation. With the median effect analysis of Chou and Kahan for quantitative drug interactions, substantial therapeutic synergism was demonstrated between FK506 and nontoxic doses of MĪZ (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day) or AZA (5, 30, and 45 mg/kg/day), which was particularly evident with the lowest dose MIZ (2.5 mg/kg/day). When FK506 was used in combination with MIZ or AZA but not with RS, the maximum effect (peak median graft survival) was enhanced significantly from 15 days (MIZ alone) to 26 days (P<0.05), and from 19 days (AZA alone) to 32 days (P<0.0l). In contrast, RS interacted with FK506 no more than additively. Although RS was the most powerful single antimetabolite, the best overall survival was obtained by combining AZA and FK506. The addition of FK506 did not significantly increase the percent mortality and LD50 of the antimetabolites. © 1994 by Williams and Wilkins

The annual variation of water mass structure in the Gulf of Maine: 1986-1987

The annual variation in the structure and disposition of the principal water masses in the Gulf of Maine has been investigated with a set of water property observations using five shipboard surveys and four moored arrays with data telemetry. The time series observations document the cooling-induced destratification of the upper water column during autumn and the subsequent mixed-layer deepening in the western Gulf—primarily in Wilkinson Basin— during winter 1987. Unusually large amounts of fresher Scotian Shelf Water inflow inhibited winter 1987 vertical mixing in the eastern Gulf relative to the deep mixing in and around Wilkinson Basin in the western Gulf. The net result of these processes was a 1987 Gulf that was colder and fresher than the 1986 Gulf. Detailed histories of the thicknesses of the principal water masses in the Gulf—namely, Maine Surface Water, Maine Intermediate Water, and Maine Bottom Water—at the mooring sites reveal the early summer progression of Slope and Bottom Water from the Northeast Channel to Georges Basin and on to Jordan Basin. Maine Intermediate Water made up nearly 50% of the entire volume of the Gulf in early spring 1987. During the summer, Maine Intermediate Water in the eastern Gulf was replaced by a warmer water mass we call Summer Intermediate Water. A spring-summer 1987 sequence of CTD-derived water mass distribution maps documents (1) the retreat of Maine Intermediate Water into Wilkinson Basin, (2) the westward spread of Summer Intermediate Water, and (3) the inflow of Slope Water. A simple water mass conservation model indicates that 72% of the Maine Intermediate Water loss flows out of the observation domain at a rate of 0.21 × 106 m3/s, while the other 28% contributes, through mixing with Surface Water and Bottom Water in the eastern Gulf, to the production of Summer Intermediate Water. The combined inflow of Slope Water (0.11 × 106 m3/s), Bottom Water (0.03 × 106 m3/s), and Summer Intermediate Water (0.07 × 106 m3/s) appears to have balanced the April-July outflow of Maine Intermediate Water

Factors associated with invasive lung aspergillosis and the significance of positive aspergillus culture after liver transplantation

From January 1981 to December 1990, 2180 patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh. Thirty-two patients (1.5%) were identified with invasive aspergillosis (29 lung, 2 intraabdominal, 1 meningitis). Of 29 patients with invasive lung disease, only 23 (79%) had positive culture (Aspergillus fumigatus, 20; Aspergillus flavus, 3). Forty-eight variables were analyzed and compared in 23 patients with invasive disease with positive cultures and 9 patients with colonization only. The variables associated with pulmonary invasive disease, by univariate analysis, were surgical time (P =.03), presence of laparotomies (P =.02), higher creatinine level at time of Aspergillus isolation (P =.01), and use of OKT3 (P =.02). However, in a multivariate analysis, only the last two (creatinine, OKT3) were associated with invasive lung aspergillosis. Of 4 patients with positive abdominal wound culture, 2 had local invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, positive cultures of Aspergillus organisms from respiratory secretions and wound drainage may represent invasive disease and should not be ignored. © 1992 the University of Chicago