Le genre, structure sérielle : penser les femmes comme un groupe social

À la suite des critiques formulées par des femmes de couleur et par des lesbiennes quant à la conception ethnocentrique blanche et hétérosexiste d’une bonne partie de la réflexion féministe, l’auteure essaie de penser la catégorie « femmes » en dehors des définitions essentialisantes et totalisantes. Elle propose, à cette fin, de recourir à la notion sartrienne de structure sérielle pour penser les femmes comme un groupe social dont les membres n’ont pas nécessairement à partager les mêmes attributs. Cela lui permet d’envisager la possibilité d’un féminisme qui ne repose pas sur la catégorie « femmes » dans son ensemble, mais qui émerge plutôt des pratiques, nécessairement parcellaires, de femmes qui transforment en enjeux politiques certains aspects de la « condition féminine ». Ainsi, il devient possible de penser le féminisme comme théorie et pratique politiques sans le faire procéder de « femmes » dont la condition serait identique en tous points, mais plutôt de coalitions qui remettent en cause un aspect particulier des rapports de pouvoir entre hommes et femmes.Taking into consideration critiques from women of color or lesbians on the white ethnocentric and heterosexist character of a large part of feminist theorizing, I try to conceptualize the category “women” while avoiding both essentialism and totalisation. For this purpose, I propose to use the Sartrian concept of seriality in order to think about women as a social group, without implying that all women share a set of social attributes. This allows me to adopt a conception of feminism that does not proceed from the category “women” as a whole, but stems out of the partial practices that politicize various aspects of “women’s condition”. Thus, one can define feminism as a theory and a political practice that is not exclusive to the domain of “women”, but rather draw on various coalitions that challenge the power relation between men and women in some respect

On the Politization of the Social in Recent Western Political Theory

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RESPONSABILIDAD Y JUSTICIA GLOBAL: UN MODELO DE CONEXIÓN SOCIAL

In this essay I clarify the status of claims about global justice and injustice which are increasingly voiced and accepted in our world. Such claims present a problem for political philosophy because until recently most philosophical approaches to justice assumed that obligations of justice hold only between those living under a common constitution within a single political community. I will argue that the context that generates obligations of justice is social structural processes rather than political institutions. Claims that obligations of justice extend globally for some issues, then, are grounded in the fact that some social structural processes have global reach.El objetivo del presente ensayo es aclarar el sentido de las reivindicaciones en torno a la justicia y a la injusticia mundial que cada vez se oyen y se aceptan más en nuestro mundo. Tales reivindicaciones representan un problema para la filosofía política, ya que hasta hace muy poco tiempo los enfoques filosóficos sobre la justicia admitían que las obligaciones respecto de la misma se establecían únicamente entre aquellos que vivían bajo una constitución común o en una misma comunidad política. Trataré de argumentar que el contexto que genera obligaciones jurídicas es más un proceso socio-estructural que el marco de las instituciones políticas. Las afirmaciones de que las obligaciones jurídicas se extienden de forma mundial en algunos temas se fundamentan, por tanto, en el hecho de que algunos procesos socio-estructurales tienen un alcance mundial

Political Responsibility and Structural Injustice

This is the text of The Lindley Lecture for 2003, given by Iris Marion Young (1949-2006), an American philosopher

Self-determination as non-domination

This article conceptualizes self-determination as non-domination, and distinguishes this from the more standard concept of self-determination as noninterference. Principles of non-domination imply relationships between self-determining units and the joint regulation of such relationships. To understand the application of this model, I suggest that we should assume the situation and claims of indigenous people as the norm rather than the exception. This model of self-determination implies federalism as a mode of being together with other self-determining units. Many discussions of federalism, however, assume that autonomous units are large, homogeneously occupied, contiguous territories. Suspending this assumption opens ways of conceiving federal relations as more local, plural, and horizontal. I suggest that this model of self-determination as non-domination and the patchwork federalism it sometimes implies may enable a vision of Israeli Jews and Palestinians dwelling peacefully together in bi-national federation

Koch Industries, Inc. Strategie Corporate Research Report

[Excerpt] With its 2005 purchase of paper giant Georgia-Pacific, Koch Industries became the largest privately-held corporation in North America. Originally started as an oil production and refining firm in the first half of the twentieth century, Koch now has major operations in petroleum, chemicals, energy, fibers and polymers, minerals, fertilizers, chemical technology equipment, forest and consumer products, ranching, trading, and securities and finance. The company, based in Wichita, Kansas, employs 80,000 people in sixty countries worldwide. Koch’s oil operations are run primarily through the Flint Hills Resources family of subsidiaries, which has a production capacity of about 800,000 barrels of crude oil daily. Another one of Koch’s major ventures, synthetic textiles, operates through the company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, INVISTA, which produces both consumer and commodity textiles. Koch’s newest project, forest and consumer products, operates through Georgia-Pacific, which remains an independent but wholly-owned subsidiary of Koch Industries

Correlations between parents\u27 academic achievements, emerging adult children\u27s perception of their parents\u27 socio-economic status and the educational attainment of the emerging adult children

It has been well-documented by researchers that having a higher socio-economic status (SES) enables one to have greater access to an array of materials, goods, and services to promote or support academic achievement (Sirin, 2005). Education is stressed as the most consistent and reliable means to achievement. The investment in one\u27s higher education benefits not only the individual but also broader society and the fundamental well-being of our nation. Given that vital educational decisions are made during the span of years characterized by adolescent becoming emerging adults, research is needed to explore the basis or association of these decisions, measured by the potential connection between parental SES and emerging adults\u27 educational attainment. The present study, using Forward Selection Step-wise Linear Regression and Chi-square analysis, examined the correlations between parents\u27 academic achievement, emerging adult children\u27s perception of their parents\u27 socio-economic status, and the educational attainment of the emerging adult children. The Family Investment Model (FIM), which outlines the positive correlation between SES and parental investments in children, served as the conceptual framework for this study due to the later prediction of educational attainment of emerging adults by the SES-dependent parental investment. The data for this study were gathered using preexisting data from a national, longitudinal data set, Panel Study of Income Dynamic Study (PSID) 2011 Main Family. The sample consisted of emerging adult respondents (N =1,134) who were between 25 and 29 years old. The emerging adult respondents completed questionnaires through detailed interviews in person or by telephone. Findings of the study indicated that there was a positive correlation observed between emerging adult educational attainment and the following variables: fathers\u27 academic achievement, mothers\u27 academic achievement, emerging adults\u27 perception of their parents\u27 SES, age, and gender. Thus, it is recommended that the results of this study potentially provide a new starting point for community organizations, public school systems, colleges and universities, youth and family-serving state agencies, and federal and policy research organizations to reassess the influence that proxy parenting has on educational attainment

Assessment of the nucleotide modifications in the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Escherichia coli 50S subunit.

Post-transcriptional ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications are present in all organisms, but their exact functional roles and positions are yet to be fully characterized. Modified nucleotides have been implicated in the stabilization of RNA structure and regulation of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. In some instances, rRNA modifications can confer antibiotic resistance. High-resolution ribosome structures are thus necessary for precise determination of modified nucleotides' positions, a task that has previously been accomplished by X-ray crystallography. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Escherichia coli 50S subunit at an average resolution of 2.2 Å as an additional approach for mapping modification sites. Our structure confirms known modifications present in 23S rRNA and additionally allows for localization of Mg2+ ions and their coordinated water molecules. Using our cryo-EM structure as a testbed, we developed a program for assessment of cryo-EM map quality. This program can be easily used on any RNA-containing cryo-EM structure, and an associated Coot plugin allows for visualization of validated modifications, making it highly accessible

El género como serialidad: pensar sobre las mujeres como colectivo social

Traducción de “Gender as Seriality: Thinking about Women as a Social Collective”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1994, vol. 19, no. 3. Por Verónica Meske y Andrea Torricella