10 research outputs found

    UREA HIGH TEMPERATURE GREASE FOR AIRCRAFT

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    Purpose: The research results of the synthesis of multipurpose urea grease are based on synthetic oils for use in a wide temperature range, suitable for use in aviation engineering. Methods: The interaction of polyisocyanate with octadecylamine and benzylamine in a mixture of polyalphaolefin oil with pentaerythritol esters and fatty acids of the C5-C9 fraction was synthesized polyurea – thickener of urea greases. Its structure was established by IR spectroscopy. The method of derivational analysis was used to determine the upper temperature limit of grease application. The properties of grease are investigated by standard methods. Results: IR spectra of urea grease indicate that was applied for the synthesis of the thickener the ratio of reagents, leads to their full consumption during the reaction and allows to obtain urea with the maximum output. The nature of the curves of differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry indicates that the upper temperature limit for the application of urea grease made on a mixture of synthetic oils is at 200Β Β°C. It is established that the synthesis temperature and the ratio of the components of the thickener determine the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of the system. By varying the molar ratio of the components of the urea thickener, it was possible to create a mechanical and colloidal stable lubricanting composition. The grease does not freeze to minus 50 Β°C, which is confirmed by the low viscosity at this temperature and the value the starting and the running torque of rotation of bearing. Applications of a multifunctional additive package allowed to enter a new qualitative level of tribological characteristics and resistance to oxidative conversions. Discussion: Researches shown that the properties of urea grease depend on not only on the nature and the ratio of the components of the urea thickener and the parameters of the process of its synthesis, but also on the balance of the lubricating composition as a whole with properly selected base oils and an additive package. The developed product with a high level of tribological, antioxidant and ecological characteristics meets the modern requirements for aviation greases and can be recommended for using in harsh operating conditions over a wide temperature range.</p

    РозроблСння ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… мастил Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Π°Ρ… ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ… кислот

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    In the interaction between stearic acid and diamines of different structure we synthesized amino amides. The composition and chemical structure were defined by the spectrometric methods of analysis. We demonstrated the possibility of applying the nitrogen-containing surface-active substances of plant origin as components of dispersed phase of urea thixotropic plastic systems. It was found that urea – a product of the interaction between amino amides of stearic acid and isocyanate – is an effective thickener of petroleum oils. The obtained urea greases are characterized by high levels of thermal, mechanical and colloidal stability.A prospect to saturate the market of lubricants with urea greases produced in Ukraine, using the components obtained from available bio raw materials, predetermined the research into creating balanced lubricating compositions of optimal formulation with correctly chosen basic oils, additives, and fillers.We developed a polyfunctional packet of oleo-additives consisting of sulphur-containing ethyl ester of higher fatty acids of rapeseed oil and the product of condensation of phosphatide concentrate with ethanolamine. It was found that the introduction of these products to the composition of grease on diurea improves its tribological characteristics and anti-oxidation properties, increases the level of biodegradation. Considering the given indicators, the new urea grease is better than some known commercially available analogous products.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ примСнСния азотсодСрТащих повСрхностно-Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ происхоТдСния Π² качСствС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² диспСрсной Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тиксотропных пластичных систСм. ВыявлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π° – ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ взаимодСйствия Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² стСариновой кислоты с ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ – являСтся эффСктивным загуститСлСм нСфтяных масСл. Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² состав ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ смазки ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π° олСоприсадок ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅, Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ экологичСскиС Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ застосування азотвмісних ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ рослинного походТСння Π² якості ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² диспСрсної Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΈ ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… тиксотропних пластичних систСм. ВиявлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ сСчовина – ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ— Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π² стСаринової кислоти Π· Ρ–Π·ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ – Ρ” Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ загусником Π½Π°Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ². ВвСдСння Π΄ΠΎ складу ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мастила ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρƒ олСоприсадок ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰ΡƒΡ” ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΠ°Ρ‰ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–, Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– Ρ‚Π° Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– характСристик

    Ecological Aspects of Coal Mining Enterprises’ Activity in Conditions of Digitalization

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    The study is devoted to the environmental aspects of coal mining enterprises’ activity in digitalization of economy. It substantiates the statement that the innovative development of coal mining enterprises should be based on the concept of greening economy and greening production. The authors proposed modern environmental and economic instruments of state environmental policy. It is substantiated that in order to ensure the effective functioning of coal mining enterprises, it is necessary to apply new digital tools of resource and environmental policies focused on the use of modern software and analytical technologies: optimization packages of applied programs, solving geo-economic problems of visualization of ecological-and-economic state and development of territories. The results of study presented in the paper allow reconciling the complex and controversial tasks of greening enterprises and territories, implementing an adequate local environmental policy, taking into account the human adaptation to harmful natural and man-made factors

    ВисокотСмпСратурнС ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½Π΅ мастило для Π°Π²Ρ–Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½Ρ–ΠΊΠΈ

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    Purpose: The research results of the synthesis of multipurpose urea grease are based on synthetic oils for use in a wide temperature range, suitable for use in aviation engineering. Methods: The interaction of polyisocyanate with octadecylamine and benzylamine in a mixture of polyalphaolefin oil with pentaerythritol esters and fatty acids of the C5-C9 fraction was synthesized polyurea – thickener of urea greases. Its structure was established by IR spectroscopy. The method of derivational analysis was used to determine the upper temperature limit of grease application. The properties of grease are investigated by standard methods. Results: IR spectra of urea grease indicate that was applied for the synthesis of the thickener the ratio of reagents, leads to their full consumption during the reaction and allows to obtain urea with the maximum output. The nature of the curves of differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry indicates that the upper temperature limit for the application of urea grease made on a mixture of synthetic oils is at 200Β Β°C. It is established that the synthesis temperature and the ratio of the components of the thickener determine the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of the system. By varying the molar ratio of the components of the urea thickener, it was possible to create a mechanical and colloidal stable lubricanting composition. The grease does not freeze to minus 50 Β°C, which is confirmed by the low viscosity at this temperature and the value the starting and the running torque of rotation of bearing. Applications of a multifunctional additive package allowed to enter a new qualitative level of tribological characteristics and resistance to oxidative conversions. Discussion: Researches shown that the properties of urea grease depend on not only on the nature and the ratio of the components of the urea thickener and the parameters of the process of its synthesis, but also on the balance of the lubricating composition as a whole with properly selected base oils and an additive package. The developed product with a high level of tribological, antioxidant and ecological characteristics meets the modern requirements for aviation greases and can be recommended for using in harsh operating conditions over a wide temperature range.ЦСль: ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдований особСнностСй синтСза ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ смазки Π½Π° синтСтичСских маслах для ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° примСнСния, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ для использования Π² Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ВзаимодСйствиСм ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° с ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Π°Π΄Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² смСси ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ масла с эфирами пСнтаэритрита ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π‘5-Π‘9 синтСзировано ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ – Π·Π°Π³ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… смазок. Π•Π΅ строСниС установлСно ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ИК-спСктроскопии. Для опрСдСлСния Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° примСнСния смазки использован ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ дСриватографичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ. Бвойства смазки исслСдованы стандартными ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: ИК-спСктры ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ смазки ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ для синтСза загуститСля ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ позволяСт ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ с ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π₯Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тСрмичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π» примСнСния ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ смазки, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° смСси синтСтичСских масСл, находится Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 200 ΠΎΠ‘. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° синтСза ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² загуститСля ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ тСрмичСскиС, рСологичСскиС ΠΈ мСханичСскиС свойства систСмы. Вариируя ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ загуститСля, ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ мСханичСски ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡŽ. Π‘ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π·Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎ минус 50 ΠΎΠ‘, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ подтвСрдТдаСтся Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этой Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ крутящих ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² вращСния подшипника. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π° присадок ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ качСствСнный ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ трибологичСским характСристиками ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ прСобразованиям. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ИсслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ свойства ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ смазки зависят Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ загуститСля ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² процСсса Π΅Π³ΠΎ синтСза, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ сбалансированности смазочной ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ с ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ маслами ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ присадок. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ с высоким ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ трибологичСских, Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ экологичСских характСристик соотвСтствуСт соврСмСнным трСбованиям ΠΊ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ смазкам ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ для примСнСния Π² ТСстких условиях эксплуатации Π² ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°: ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ особливостСй синтСзу Π±Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мастила Π½Π° синтСтичних ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ… для ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ застосування, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ для використання Ρƒ Π°Π²Ρ–Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½Ρ–ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½Ρ–Ρ†Ρ–. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π’Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ–Π·ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π°Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Π· ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Π°Π΄Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π° Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρƒ ΡΡƒΠΌΡ–ΡˆΡ– ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ„Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ Π· СстСрами ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ Ρ– ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ… кислот Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— Π‘5-Π‘9 синтСзовано полісСчовину – загусник ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… мастил. Π‡Ρ— Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π° встановлСна ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π†Π§-спСктроскопії. Для визначСння Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΡŒΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ– застосування мастила використано ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ. Властивості мастила дослідТСні стандартними ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ: Π†Π§-спСктри ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мастила засвідчили, Ρ‰ΠΎ застосованС для синтСзу загусника ΡΠΏΡ–Π²Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ—Ρ… витрачання Ρƒ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‚Π° дозволяє ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈ сСчовину Π· максимальним Π²ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π₯Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π²Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–Ρ— Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡ”, Ρ‰ΠΎ вСрхня Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ° застосування ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мастила, Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡƒΠΌΡ–ΡˆΡ– синтСтичних ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ², Π·Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π½Ρ– 200 ΠΎΠ‘. ВстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° синтСзу Ρ– ΡΠΏΡ–Π²Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² загусника Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ–, Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– властивості систСми. Π’Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΡŽΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ мольним ΡΠΏΡ–Π²Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² сСчовинного загусника, вдалося створити ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ—Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ. ΠœΠ°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ застигає Π΄ΠΎ мінус 50 ΠΎΠ‘, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΆΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ низькою Π²β€™ΡΠ·ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Π·Π° Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Ρ— Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡŽ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ‚Π° Π·Π° сталого обСртання ΠΏΡ–Π΄ΡˆΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Застосування Π±Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρƒ присадок Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ якісний Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π·Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ характСристиками Ρ– ΡΡ‚Ρ–ΠΉΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΡŽΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΡŒ. ΠžΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ: ДослідТСння засвідчили, Ρ‰ΠΎ властивості ΡƒΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мастила Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ–Π΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ– ΡΠΏΡ–Π²Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² сСчовинного загусника Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–Π² процСсу ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синтСзу, Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΉ Π²Ρ–Π΄ збалансованості ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†Ρ–Ρ— Π² Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π· ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ присадок. Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ Π· високим Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ…, Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π° Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… характСристик Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π°Ρ” сучасним Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π°Π²Ρ–Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… мастил Ρ– ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ для застосування Π² Торстких ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ… Сксплуатації Π² ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ–

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Ρ– властивості сСчовинних мастил Π½Π° основі Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π² фосфатидів ΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΉ

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    The possibility of using the wastes of the oil and fat industry – phosphatide concentrates as components of lubricating materials was demonstrated in this paper. At the first stage, amidation of phosphatide concentrate from the purification of rapeseed oil by ethylene diamine was carried out using two procedures: without a catalyst and with the use of reagent-catalyst CaO.The samples of urea greases were subsequently synthesized by interaction of amidated phosphatide concentrates with polyisocyanate in the oil media. Aminoamides of fatty acids with polyisocyanate form urea dispersion phase of thixotropic systems, and glycerolphosphatides and calcium glycerolrophosphatides perform the function of tribological additives. The method of infrared spectroscopy proved that the full interaction between polyisocyanate and amidated phosphatide concentrate takes place at the molar ratio of 1:3.Physicochemical properties of the developed urea greases were studied and comparative analysis of their quality indicators with the Maspol brand lubricant was performed. The synthesized urea greases are characterized by high mechanical (a change in penetrations after moving of 100,000 double cycles of 42–45Β mmΒ·10-1), colloidal stability (5.2–5.6Β % of extracted oil) and high-temperature properties (dropping point above 230Β Β°C). In addition, these thixotropic systems are resistant to oxidation, do not cause corrosion of non-ferrous metals, and are able to operate in contact with water. Phosphorous residues improve the lubricating properties of synthesized compositions without any additional introduction of tribological modifiers (critical load is 980–1,039Β N, welding load – 1,568–1,744Β N). Due to the use of raw materials of plant origin in the composition of lubricating compositions, their biodegradation is enhanced by 6–7Β %Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ продСмонстрирована Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ примСнСния ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² маслоТировой отрасли – фосфатидных ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² качСствС составных компонСнтов смазочных ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². На ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ этапС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ фосфатидного ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΡ‚ очистки рапсового масла этилСндиамином Π·Π° двумя ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ: Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° CaO.Π’ дальнСйшСм синтСзированы ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ мочСвинных смазок взаимодСйствиСм Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹Ρ… фосфатидных ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π² срСдС нСфтяного масла. Аминоамиды ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„Π°Π·Ρƒ тиксотропных систСм, Π° глицСролфосфатиды ΠΈ глицСролфосфатиды ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ трибологичСских присадок. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ИК-спСктроскопии Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ фосфатидним ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ мольном ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 1: 3 происходит ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ взаимодСйствиС.Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСскиС свойства Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мочСвинных смазок ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ качСства с товарной смазкой Маспол. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ мочСвинныС смазки Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ высокой мСханичСской (ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ послС пСрСмСщСния 100000 Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² 42–45Β ΠΌΠΌΒ·10-1), ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ (5,2–5,6% Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ масла) ΠΈ высокотСмпСратурными свойствами (Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° каплСпадСния Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 230ΒΊΠ‘). ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, эти тиксотропныС систСмы устойчивы ΠΊ окислСнию, Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ работоспособны Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ с Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. ЀосфорсодСрТащиС остатки ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚Β ΡΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ свойства синтСзированных ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ввСдСния трибологичСских ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (критичСская Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠ° – 980–1039 Н, Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠ° сваривания – 1568–1744 Н). Благодаря ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ происхоТдСния Π² составС смазочных ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΡ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° 6–7Β %Π’ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ– продСмонстровано ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ застосування Π²Ρ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π² ΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— Π³Π°Π»ΡƒΠ·Ρ– – фосфатидних ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Π² якості складових ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π»Ρ–Π². На ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΏΡ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ амідування фосфатидного ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Π²Ρ–Π΄ очищСння Ρ€Ρ–ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ— Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ: Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρ‚Π° Π·Ρ– застосуванням Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρƒ-ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° CaO.Π£ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠΌΡƒ синтСзовано Π·Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΊΠΈ сСчовинних мастил Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… фосфатидних ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ–Π·ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρƒ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ сСрСдовищС. Аміноаміди ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ… кислот Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ–Π·ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ сСчовинну диспСрсну Ρ„Π°Π·Ρƒ тиксотропних систСм, Π° гліцСролфосфатиди Ρ‚Π° гліцСролфосфатиди ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΡ–Π². ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π†Π§-спСктроскопії Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΡ–ΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ–Π·ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π° Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ фосфатидним ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° мольного ΡΠΏΡ–Π²Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ 1:3 Π²Ρ–Π΄Π±ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ—Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Π° взаємодія.ДослідТСно Ρ„Ρ–Π·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– властивості Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… сСчовинних мастил Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π²Π½ΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· Ρ—Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² якості Π· Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΌ мастилом Маспол. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– сСчовинні мастила Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ високою ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡŽ (Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— після пСрСміщування 100Β 000 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² 42–45Β ΠΌΠΌΒ·10-1), ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ—Π΄Π½ΠΎΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ (5,2–5,6Β % Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ–Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ— ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ) Ρ‚Π° високотСмпСратурними властивостями (Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° крапання Π²ΠΈΡ‰Π΅ 230Β Β°Π‘). ΠšΡ€Ρ–ΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ†Ρ– тиксотропні систСми стійкі Π΄ΠΎ окиснСння, Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ–ΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Π² Ρ‚Π° Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ– Π· водою. Ѐосфоровмісні залишки ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π·ΠΌΠ°Ρ‰ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– властивості синтСзованих ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ввСдСння Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² (ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π΅ навантаТСння – 980–1039 Н, навантаТСння Π·Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ – 1568–1744 Н). Завдяки Π·Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡŽ сировини рослинного походТСння Ρƒ складі ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ—Ρ… Π±Ρ–ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‰Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° 6–7Β 

    THE USE OF OIL AND FAT WASTE IN TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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    The paper shows the possibility of efficiently using oilseed production and processing waste. The methods of chemical transformation of by-products of oil and fat production into technological systems for sustainable development have been developed. They have been used to create surfactants and lubricant systems for hydrocarbon production and wwllorkover of wells; polyfunctional additives used as components of lubricants and cutting fluids to improve their antioxidant, extreme pressure, antiwear, lubricating, and cooling properties of metalworking processes. Technological systems have been developed that, along with increased functional properties, have improved biodegradability and caused minimal environmental harm

    Synthesis and Properties of Urea Greases Based on Aminoamides of Plant Oil Phosphatides

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    The possibility of using the wastes of the oil and fat industry – phosphatide concentrates as components of lubricating materials was demonstrated in this paper. At the first stage, amidation of phosphatide concentrate from the purification of rapeseed oil by ethylene diamine was carried out using two procedures: without a catalyst and with the use of reagent-catalyst CaO.The samples of urea greases were subsequently synthesized by interaction of amidated phosphatide concentrates with polyisocyanate in the oil media. Aminoamides of fatty acids with polyisocyanate form urea dispersion phase of thixotropic systems, and glycerolphosphatides and calcium glycerolrophosphatides perform the function of tribological additives. The method of infrared spectroscopy proved that the full interaction between polyisocyanate and amidated phosphatide concentrate takes place at the molar ratio of 1:3.Physicochemical properties of the developed urea greases were studied and comparative analysis of their quality indicators with the Maspol brand lubricant was performed. The synthesized urea greases are characterized by high mechanical (a change in penetrations after moving of 100,000 double cycles of 42–45 mmΒ·10-1), colloidal stability (5.2–5.6 % of extracted oil) and high-temperature properties (dropping point above 230 Β°C). In addition, these thixotropic systems are resistant to oxidation, do not cause corrosion of non-ferrous metals, and are able to operate in contact with water. Phosphorous residues improve the lubricating properties of synthesized compositions without any additional introduction of tribological modifiers (critical load is 980–1,039 N, welding load – 1,568–1,744 N). Due to the use of raw materials of plant origin in the composition of lubricating compositions, their biodegradation is enhanced by 6–7

    Los Derechos Humanos y las libertades en la ConstituciΓ³n de Rumania de 1866

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    The purpose of the article is the analysis of the provisions of the first Constitution of Romania of 1866 in terms of guaranteeing of Human Rights and freedoms by the state. The article points out that the adoption of the Constitution of 1866 became a fateful state legal act for the entire Romanian people, since it meant a radical change in the ratio of external and internal factors in the state-building process of the Romanian state. To achieve this goal, general scientific and special-scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular, dialectical-legal-comparative, legal-formal. It has been determined that the accepted Constitution in 1866 in terms of guaranteeing Human Rights and freedoms has had a truly liberal character and has become the progressive state-legal act for the state-building process of Romania; the need to follow the norms of the Basic Law gradually have made constitutionalism as the form of thinking, which has contributed to the further expansion of democratic rights and freedoms and the development of the democratic views in the country

    Development of Compositions of Urea Greases on Aminoamides of Fatty Acids

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    In the interaction between stearic acid and diamines of different structure we synthesized amino amides. The composition and chemical structure were defined by the spectrometric methods of analysis. We demonstrated the possibility of applying the nitrogen-containing surface-active substances of plant origin as components of dispersed phase of urea thixotropic plastic systems. It was found that urea – a product of the interaction between amino amides of stearic acid and isocyanate – is an effective thickener of petroleum oils. The obtained urea greases are characterized by high levels of thermal, mechanical and colloidal stability.A prospect to saturate the market of lubricants with urea greases produced in Ukraine, using the components obtained from available bio raw materials, predetermined the research into creating balanced lubricating compositions of optimal formulation with correctly chosen basic oils, additives, and fillers.We developed a polyfunctional packet of oleo-additives consisting of sulphur-containing ethyl ester of higher fatty acids of rapeseed oil and the product of condensation of phosphatide concentrate with ethanolamine. It was found that the introduction of these products to the composition of grease on diurea improves its tribological characteristics and anti-oxidation properties, increases the level of biodegradation. Considering the given indicators, the new urea grease is better than some known commercially available analogous products
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