ОБРАЗ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ДНЕВНИКЕ ДИАЛЕКТОНОСИТЕЛЯ

The article deals with the interpretations of Man’s image as being drawn in the unique written document. The latter is a diary of a common peasant woman by the name Maria Petrovna Suslova from the village of Kamgort (Cherdyn’ district of Perm Region). The image of Man that has been created in her Diary is determined by the ancient type of thinking. It permits one to regard oneself as being the constituent part of Nature, thus not dominating in the surrounding world. Man in Suslova’s Diary is an acting creature. The activity of one is manifested in the labour. The latter implies the idea of the joint communal work of the people aimed to the provision of the society’s physical existence, but not creative activity of its separate member. M.P. Suslova’s Man is politically indifferent. The existing system of power in the country is of little interest for him. There are few references to political events in the Diary, besides these events are enumerated there in line with other occurrences, such as personal and everyday ones. On the whole, M.P. Suslova’s Diary is a unique source of various kinds of knowledge, the latter being of great historical and cultural values

Названия святочных ряженых в русских говорах Пермского края

This article deals with the main groups of nominations denoting mummers (Rus. ряженые) in the Russian colloquialisms of Perm Region. The aim of the study is to describe the semantic groups of such terms associated with various ideas of dressing up: ritual dressing up, attributes and methods of dressing up, mythological ideas, and calendar time; to demonstrate the geographical distribution of units of these groups in the region. The study refers to field materials collected under the direction of A. V. Chernykh in various districts of Perm Region, data from Perm dialect dictionaries, collections and monographs, and data from the card index of the Dictionary of Russian Colloquialisms of the North of Perm Region (ed. by I. I. Rusinov) of Perm State National Research University.The various nominations of mummers reflect the complexity and polyfunctionality of the phenomenon of mummers; together they represent a certain set of attributes perceived as essential. The names of these attributes serve as motivators of the denominations of mummers. Several most frequent groups of units motivationally connected with the names of ritual transformation can be distinguished among the regional nominations of disguised persons (наряжунчики, посряжунчики, ряженки, ряженчики, ряжунчики, снаряжёнцы, снаряженщики, срядчики, сряженцы, сряжунчики, сряжушки), features of their appearances (замаскированные, маскарованные, маскированные, машкарованные, машкированные, мышкарики), means and ways of dressing up (горбуницы, горбунки, горбунцы, горбунчики, горбушки; старушки), lower demonology characters (ошуликаны, силикуны, сюликуны, чиликуны, шеликуны, шиликуны, шулеконы, шулиганы, шуликаны, шуликины, шуликуны, шулихуны, шульганы, шульканы, шулюкины; шиши, шишочки; полуденки, полудники, полудницы; мухтари, мухтарики, мухтары), calendar times (святки, святошни, святошники, святошные), which, at the same time, form areas on the territory of Perm Krai and are conditioned by the peculiarities of settlement.One can talk about a significant variability of the terminology of mummers in Perm Krai. Some nominations are often recorded in the region, others are less frequent and are characteristic only of specific areas and local traditions. Perm data demonstrate the use of terms both widely spread in Russian traditions in general and several names characteristic only of the region.В статье рассматриваются основные группы номинаций, обозначающих ряженых в русских говорах Пермского края. Цель исследования — описать семантические группы таких терминов, связанных с различными идеями ряжения: обрядовым переодеванием, атрибутами и способами ряжения, мифологическими представлениями, календарным временем; продемонстрировать географическое распределение единиц этих групп по территории региона. Источниками исследования послужили полевые материалы, собранные под руководством А. В. Черных в различных районах Пермского края, данные пермских диалектных словарей, сборников и монографий, сведения из картотеки «Словаря русских говоров севера Пермского края» (ред. И. И. Русинова) Пермского государственного национального исследовательского университета.Различные номинации ряженых отражают сложность и полифункциональность феномена ряженья, в совокупности они представляют определенный набор признаков, воспринимаемых как существенные. Названия этих признаков служат мотиваторами обозначений ряженых. Среди региональных номинаций ряженых можно выделить несколько наиболее частотных групп единиц, мотивационно связанных с названиями обрядового перевоплощения (наряжунчики, посряжунчики, ряженки, ряженчики, ряжунчики, снаряжёнцы, снаряженщики, срядчики, сряженцы, сряжунчики, сряжушки), признаков внешнего облика ряженого (замаскированные, маскарованные, маскированные, машкарованные, машкированные, мышкарики), способов, приемов переодевания (горбуницы, горбунки, горбунцы, горбунчики, горбушки; старушки), персонажей низшей демонологии (ошуликаны, силикуны, сюликуны, чиликуны, шеликуны, шиликуны, шулеконы, шулиганы, шуликаны, шуликины, шуликуны, шулихуны, шульганы, шульканы, шулюкины; шиши, шишочки; полуденки, полудники, полудницы; мухтари, мухтарики, мухтары), календарного времени (святки, святошни, святошники, святошные), которые в то же время образуют ареалы на территории Пермского края и обусловлены особенностями его заселения.Можно говорить о значительной вариативности терминологии ряженых в Пермском крае. Часть номинаций регулярно фиксируется в регионе, другие встречаются реже и характерны только для конкретных ареалов и локальных традиций. Пермские данные демонстрируют бытование терминов как широко распространенных в русских традициях в целом, так и характерных только для региона

Congenital and Acquired Interferonopathies: Differentiated Approaches to Interferon Therapy

This chapter reviews various interferon (IFN) system disturbances—interferonopathies. The authors describe clinical specifics of type I interferonopathy associated with overexpression of IFNα—which is a rare Mendelian genetic disease. Certain autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis, immune dysregulation syndrome, etc.) are also characterized by overproduction of IFNα. Furthermore the most common interferonopathies are described—deficiencies of IFN, congenital or acquired IFNα/IFNβ and IFNγ deficiencies in children and adults. Deficiency of IFNα/IFNβ associated with severe recurrent viral infections and deficiency of IFNγ cause mycobacterial infection. Interferon-corrective therapy methods are described. The target therapy of type I interferonopathies (biologics) binds IFNα and normalizes the high level of IFNα. From the other side, patients with congenital IFNα deficiencies are needed in replacement IFN therapy. In case of acquired IFNα deficiency, the differentiated interferon-corrective therapy is performed. In both replacement and interferon-corrective therapies, recombinant human IFNα2b in complex with antioxidants (Viferon®) can be used, because their application is safe and has good clinical efficiency and no side effects

Remodeling of Phenotype CD16 + CD11b + Neutrophilic Granulocytes in Acute Viral and Acute Bacterial Infections

Neutrophilic granulocytes (NGs) are very important cells of innate immunity that can very quickly realize antibacterial and antiviral defense. Until the present time, the phenomenon of different levels of presentations of membrane receptors CD16 and CD11b NG in normal and pathological conditions wasn’t studied. We had studied the population of CD16+CD11b+NG in two groups of patients with acute viral and acute bacterial infections in the models of acute bacterial tonsillitis (ABT) and acute viral tonsillitis-EBV infection (AEBVI), having the same clinical symptoms in early stages of the disease. Comparative analysis of the redistribution of equipment intensity of CD16 and CD11b has detected three subpopulations of CD16+CD11b+NG population—CD16brightCD11bbright, CD16brightCD11bdim, and CD16dimCD11bbright—in normal and pathological conditions. It was found that subpopulation CD16brightCD11bdimNG dominates in healthy individuals; subpopulation CD16brightCD11bbrightNG dominates in patients with acute viral infection; subpopulation CD16dimCD11bbrightNG dominates in patients with acute bacterial infections. We had demonstrated that the study of CD16+CD11b+NG subpopulations allows in early stage of diseases to diagnose acute viral and acute bacterial infections. Our studies have demonstrated the positive effects of eukaryotic DNA sodium salt on the negatively altered phenotype subpopulation CD16+CD11b+NG, in particular, through the remodeling of the expression of CD11b on NG membrane

MOTIFS OF TRANSFERENCE / RECEIVAL OF VERBAL MAGIC AND THEIR REFLECTION IN LEXICAL UNITS (a Case Study of Mythological Narratives of Perm Krai)

The article examines the ways of transference of verbal magic which is considered as part of the magical and ritual tradition of the Russians in Perm Krai. Data collected and stored in the folklore and dialectology archives of the Department of Philology of Perm State University, texts of the folklore and ethnography corpus and monographs were used as the main sources for this article. Russian mythological narratives of Perm Krai are shown to have several motifs connected with special conditions and ways of transference of verbal magic to a neophyte so that he/she could influence people and the world around.  The first group of motifs describes the conditions of transference and / or receival of sacral texts. The second group deals with the ways how this transference is performed. Lastly, the article shows the motif of how a person with magical powers transfers their supernatural abilities and knowledge to others on his / her deathbed. The most common group of motifs are those depicting the act of special supernatural training that a neophyte must undergo in a Russian bathhouse at midnight. The Devil usually takes on a zoomoprhic appearance (such as a dog, a frog, a toad, sometimes a snake, a crocodile, a pig, a wood grouse, a pike). Most frequently, before this contact with the Devil, the neophyte must read a book called Chyornaya magiya (Black Magic). This challenge is so difficult for the psyche of the person undergoing it that some people fail to complete their “learning” process and go mad. As comparative analysis shows, the above described motifs are also found in the narratives of the Russian North. However, the motif of a neophyte who is to establish a contact with a mythical creature in a Russian bathhouse is more vividly presented in the mythological narrative of Perm Krai. The role of articulated text in the magical ritual should not be taken lightly. Its importance can be seen not only in the thematic group of mythological lexis – lexemes that denote a sacred or magical text (Russian words molitva, prigovor, slova etc.), influence on something or someone with the help of verbal magic (Russian words govorit’, sheptat’), people who use sacred or magical texts in their professional activities (Russian words slovnik, sheptar’) – but also in set expressions denoting the act of transference / receival of verbal magic (and magical abilities on the whole) (peredat’ / peredavat’, perenyat’ / perenimat’, prinyat’ / prinimat’ – slova, molitvy, znaniya, dar, silu, chertey)

Analysis of microRNA turnover in mammalian cells following Dicer1 ablation

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, little is known of their overall persistence in the cell following processing. Characterization of such persistence is key to the full appreciation of their regulatory roles. Accordingly, we measured miRNA decay rates in mouse embryonic fibroblasts following loss of Dicer1 enzymatic activity. The results confirm the inherent stability of miRNAs, the intracellular levels of which were mostly affected by cell division. Using the decay rates of a panel of six miRNAs representative of the global trend of miRNA decay, we establish a mathematical model of miRNA turnover and determine an average miRNA half-life of 119 h (i.e. ∼5 days). In addition, we demonstrate that select miRNAs turnover more rapidly than others. This study constitutes, to our knowledge, the first in-depth characterization of miRNA decay in mammalian cells. Our findings indicate that miRNAs are up to 10× more stable than messenger RNA and support the existence of novel mechanism(s) controlling selective miRNA cellular concentration and function

Materials for a Dictionary of Collective Nicknames of the Perm Region Residents

The paper provides the outcomes of the authors’ ongoing research on Russian collective nicknames of the Perm region. It significantly complements the previously published part, dealing with the features of usage, semantics, and historical significance of local collective nicknames as evidence of the settlement of the Perm region by Russians. This paper approaches the material from lexicographical perspective, which, in combination with the first part, delivers the most complete picture to date of the nature of collective nicknames in the region. The studied units are retrieved from several sources: materials of field trips led by the authors and other Perm researchers since the 1990s; dictionaries of Russian dialects of the Perm region and card indexes of dictionaries; “Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects”, a number of onomastic dictionaries, modern ethnographic, folklore and ethnolinguistic collections on the traditional culture of the Russian population of the Perm region; works on local ethnography and folklore published in the 19th — first half of the 20th century. Dictionary entries are arranged in alphabetical order. The article examines collective nicknames as such (their phonetic and word-formation variants, if any); their interpretation (which territorial group of people they refer to); geographical label (the place where the name was recorded); usage contexts and explanations for the nickname if available. The nicknames used for residents of different settlements, villages, and regions are considered as polysemantic words with different meanings. If a collective nickname includes a qualifying toponymic epithet, it is enclosed in parentheses. In cases where a settlement appeared near a factory, the factory name is specified along with the modern oikonym

Interferome v2.0: an updated database of annotated interferon-regulated genes

Interferome v2.0 (http://interferome.its.monash.edu.au/interferome/) is an update of an earlier version of the Interferome DB published in the 2009 NAR database edition. Vastly improved computational infrastructure now enables more complex and faster queries, and supports more data sets from types I, II and III interferon (IFN)-treated cells, mice or humans. Quantitative, MIAME compliant data are collected, subjected to thorough, standardized, quantitative and statistical analyses and then significant changes in gene expression are uploaded. Comprehensive manual collection of metadata in v2.0 allows flexible, detailed search capacity including the parameters: range of -fold change, IFN type, concentration and time, and cell/tissue type. There is no limit to the number of genes that can be used to search the database in a single query. Secondary analysis such as gene ontology, regulatory factors, chromosomal location or tissue expression plots of IFN-regulated genes (IRGs) can be performed in Interferome v2.0, or data can be downloaded in convenient text formats compatible with common secondary analysis programs. Given the importance of IFN to innate immune responses in infectious, inflammatory diseases and cancer, this upgrade of the Interferome to version 2.0 will facilitate the identification of gene signatures of importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases

THE SCIENTIFIC BRANCH «REGIONAL LEXICOLOGY, LEXICOGRAPHY, ONOMASTICS» AT PERM UNIVERSITY

The scientific branch «Regional lexicology, lexicography, onomastics» in Perm State University was formed in the first half of the 20th century. At the present stage, members of the school develop ideas of the leading Russian language historians, dialectologists, onomatologists, ethnolinguists, explore speech and proper names of the Perm region in their regional, national, historical specificity: analyze the ways of forming and peculiarities of functioning of the lexicon of dialects and onomastics of the Perm region of different eras in the etymological, historical-linguistic, ethnolinguistic and culturological aspects; investigate features of speech of the regional residents and onomastics as a result of interaction of speakers of different languages and representatives of different cultures on the territory of the late Russian colonization throughout centuries; consider how material and spiritual culture of people is represented in their language; research lexico-phraseological materials in synchronic and diachronic aspects, studying and comparing primary, archaic and later dialects of the region; implement lexicographical and phraseographical projects. The article presents the most significant results of the activity of the modern research team and the prospects for development of the branch